World : Major Nuclear Accidents

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Oct 7, 1957: A fire in the Wind Scale plutonium production reactor N of Liverpool, EnglandRealesed radioactive material;later blamed for 39 cancer deaths.

Jan 3, 1961 : Areactor at a federal instalation near Idaho Falls, Idaho,U.S.A.,Killed 3workers.Radiation Contained.

Oct 5, 1966: A sodium cooling system malfunction caused a partial core meltdown at the Enrico Fermi Demonstration breeder reactor, near detroit, Michigan,U.S.A. RaditionContained.

Jan 21, 1969: A coolant malfunction from an experimental underground reactor at Lucens Vad,Switzerland, released radiation in to a cavern, which was then sealed.

Mar 22, 1975 : Fire at the Brown's Ferry reacter in Decatur,Alhama,U.S.A.,Caused dangerously lowering of cooling water levels.

Mar 28, 1979: The worst commercial nuclear accident in the U.S. occurred as equipmentfailures and human mistakes led to a loss of coolant and a partial coremeltdown at the three MIle Island reactor in Middletown,Pennsylvania.

Feb 11, 1981: 8 worker were contaminated when 100,000 gallons of radioactive coolant fluidleaked into containment building of TVA's Sequoyah 1 plant in Tennesse,U.S.A.

Apr 25,1981: Some 100 workers were exposed to radiation during repaires of a nuclear plantat Tsuruga, Japan.

Jan 6,1986: A cylender of nuclear material burst after being improperlyheated at a Kerr-McGee Plant at Gore, Oklahoma,U.S.A. One worker died;100 were hospitalized.

Apr 26,1986 : In the worst nuclear accidents in the history of nuclear power, fires and explosions resulting from an unauthorized experiment at the Chernobylnuclear power plant near Kiev, USSR ( now in Ukraine),Left at least31 dead in the immediate aftermath and spread radioactive material over much of europe.An estimated 1,35,000 people were evacuated from the region.

Sept 30,1999: Japan's worst nuclear accidents ever occurred at a uranium-reprocessingfacility in Tokaimura, NE of Tokyo, when workers accidentlly overloaded a container withuranium,thereby exposing workers and area residents to exteremly high radiation levels.

Railway Recruitment Board Solved Paper 2008

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Q.1. When a ray of light passes from an optically denser medium to a rarer medium, it
(a) Remains undeviated (b) Bends towards normal
(c) Bends away from normal (d) None of these
Q.2.Who is the author of "Anandmath" ?
(a) Rabindranath Tagore (b) Bankim chandra Chattopadhyaya
(c) Sarojini Nayadu (d) Jyotiba Phule
Q.3. Thimpu is the capital of -
(a) Nepal (b) Bhutan
(c) Thailand (d) Myanmar
Q.4. The time period of a seconds pendulum is
(a) 1 second (b) 4 seconds
(c) 3 seconds (d) 2 seconds
Q.5. The nuclear fuel in the sun is
(a) Helium (b) Uranium
(c) Hydrogen (d) Oxygen
Q.6. The second’s hand of a watch is 2 cm long. The velocity of its tip is
(a) 0.21 cm/sec. (b) 2.1 cm/sec.
(c) 21 cm/sec. (d) None of these
Q.7. In diesel engine, ignition is caused by
(a) Spark (b) Automatic starter
(c) Compression (d) Friction
Q.8. The mass-energy equivalence, relationship E = mc2 was propounded by
(a) Max Plank (b) Einstein
(c) Newton (d) Hertz
Q.9. The filament of bulb is made of
(a) Tungsten (b) Iron
(c) Nichrome (d) Carbon
Q.10. Anti-knocking can be lessened by
(a) Iso Octane (b) N Heptane
(c) TEL (d) Benzene
Q.11. In which of the following oxidation shows a positive oxidation state.
(a) CO (b) N2O
(c) NO (d) F2O
Q.12. Which of the following is used in photography?
(a) Silver Bromide (b) Sodium Bromide
(c) Potassium Chloride (d) Sodium Sulphate
Q.13. Which of the following is used in accumulator cell?
(a) Copper (b) Iron
(c) Lead (d) Zinc
Q.14. Choose the wrong statement :
(a) Single magnetic poles can exist
(b) Magnetic poles are always of equal strength
(c) Like poles repel each other
(d) None of these
Q.15. Laws of electrolysis are given by:
(a) Farady (b) Maxwell
(c) Lenz (d) Bohr
Q.16. Flemings left hand rule is used to fine out:
(a) Direction of magnetic field due to flow of current
(b) Direction of induced current due to effect of magnetic field
(c) Direction of motion of a current carrying conductor in magnetic field
(d) None of these
Q.17. The pH of a neutral solution at 250C is :
(a) 0 (b) 1.0
(c) 7.0 (d) 1.4
Q.18. The raw material used for the manufacture of Portland cement is :
(a) Limestone and clay (b) Alumina, clay and gypsum
(c) Gypsum and limestone (d) Gypsum and clay19. CaOCI2 is the chemical formula for a compound commonly known as :(a) Soda Ash (b) Lime
(c) Bleaching Powder (d) Plaster of Paris
Q.20. The glass used for making laboratory apparatus is :

(a) Pyrex glass (b) Hard glass
(c) Soft glass (d) Safety glass
Q.21. The iron produced in blast furnace is :
(a) Pig iron (b) Wrought iron
(c) Stainless steel (d) Steel
Q.22. Formation is a 40% solution of :
(a) Methanol (b) Methenal
(c) Methanoic acid (d) None of these
Q.23. Which of the following is not an ore of aluminium :
(a) Cryolite (b) Feldspar
(c) Bauxite (d) Azurite
Q.24. Rhombic monoclinic and plastic sulphur are:
(a) Isomers (b) Isotopes
(c) Allotropes (d) Hydrides of sulphur

Q.25. The alkaline hydrolysis of oils or fats gives soap and :
(a) Glycerol (b) Ethenol
(c) Glycol (d) Ethanoic acid
Q.26. The sight of a delicious food usually makes month watery. It is a :
(a) Hormonal response (b) Neural response
(c) Optic response (d) Olfactory response
Q.27. Nitrogen fixing bacteria are normally found in :
(a) Parasitic plants (b) Epiphytic plants
(c) Leguminous plants (d) Aquatic plants
Q.28. Powdery mildew of wheat is caused by:
(a) Bacteria (b) Virus
(c) Fungi (d) Protozoans
Q.29. Septic sore throat is caused by :
(a) Bacteria (b) Virus
(c) Fungi (d) Protozoans
Q.30. A person of blood group AB can give blood to :
(a) ‘A’ and ‘B’ (b) Only ‘AB’
(c) ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘O’ (d) All of these
Q.31. Cell activities are controlled by :
(a) Chloroplast (b) Nitochondria
(c) Cytoplasm (d) Nucleus
Q.32. Which of the following helps eye to adjust the focal length of the eye lens :
(a) Cornea (b) Conjunctiva
(c) Ciliary body (d) Iris
Q.33. When pollen of a flower is transferred to the stigma of the same plant, pollination type is referred to as :
(a) Autogamy (b) Allogamy
(c) Xenogamy (d) Geitonogamy
Q.34. Respiration is a :
(a) Catabolic process (b) Anabolic process
(c) Both of these (d) None of these
Q.35. The structural and functional unit of kidneys are :
(a) Neurons (b) Nephrons
(c) Medula (d) None of these
Q.36. Which of the following enzymes is generally nor present in adult human :
(a) Renin (b) Pepsin
(c) Trypsin (d) Amylopsin
Q.37. The part of the plant which is responsible for carrying water and solutes from roots to various parts of plants is :
(a) Phloem (b) Xylem
(c) Duodenum (d) Sclercids
Q.38. ‘Widal test’ is used for susceptibility of :
(a) Malaria (b) Typhoid
(c) Cholera (d) Yellow fever
Q.39. Exchange of gases in plants takes place through :
(a) Stomata (b) Lenticels
(c) Cuticle (d) All of these
Q.40. ‘Lieutenant’ in army is equivalent to following rank in navy :
(a) Lieutenant (b) Sub Lieutanant
(c) Lieutenant Commander (d) None of these
Q.41. Pankaj Advani is associated with :
(a) Snooker (b) Golf
(c) Shooting (d) Archery
Q.42. Which city in the world is known as the forbidden city :
(a) Aberdeen (b) Jerusalem
(c) Mecca (d) Lhasa
Q.43. Rajeev Gandhi Khel Ratna Award carries a sum of :
(a) Rs. 3 lakns (b) Rs. 5 lakhs
(c) Rs. 1 lakh (d) Rs. 7 lakhs
Q.44. Who is known as ‘Nightingale of India’ :
(a) Asha Bhonsle (b) Begum Akhtar
(c) Sarojini Naidu (d) Vijaylaxmi Pandit
Q.45. Which one of the following is not included in the UNESCO’s list of world heritage site :
(a) Kaziranga National Park (b) Qutab Minar
(c) Champaner Pavagarh (d) None of these
Q.46. Which of the following is not an electric resistant?
(a) Lead (b) Ebonite
(c) Charcoal (d) Lac
Q.47. Which of the following is a complementary colour?
(a) Blue (b) Yellow
(c) Magenta (d) Yellow and Magenta
Q.48. The velocity of sound increases in air by ……… for every degree Celsius increase of temperature.
(a) 60 m/sec. (b) 0.61 m/sec.
(c) 60 ft/sec. (d) 0.61 km/sec.
Q.49. Henry is a unit of
(a) Capacity (b) Magnetic field
(c) Inductance (d) Frequency
Q.50. The velocity of rotation of Earth is
(a) 28 km/min (b) 30 km/min
(c) 25 km/min (d) 39.5 km/min
Q.51. What is Hubble?
(a) Warship (b) Star
(c) Telescope (d) Missile
Q.52. Which acid is normally found in lemon and grape fruits?
(a) Citric acid (b) Tartaric acid
(c) Ascorbic acid (d) Lactic acid
Q.53. At which temperature Fahrenheit and Celsius show same reading?
(a) -400 (b) 00
(c) -574.250 (d) 2730
Q.54. Limestone is metamorphosed to form
(a) Graphite (b) Quartz
(c) Granite (d) Marble
Q.55. Rift valley is formed by
(a) Earthquake (b) Folding
(c) Faulting (d) All of these
Q.56. If a piece of ice at 00C is mixed with water at 00C, then
(a) Whole ice melts (b) Some ice melts
(c) No ice melts (d) Temperature decreases
Q.57. Mettur Dam is built on the river
(a) Krishna (b) Cauvery
(c) Narmada (d) Mahanadi
Q.58. Mahendra Giri peak is situated in the
(a) Eastern Ghats (b) Western Ghats
(c) Shiwaliks (d) Vindhyachal
Q.59. In what time a sum will double itself at 20% per annum rate of interest?
(a) 2 years (b) 3 years
(c) 4 years (d) 5 years
Q.60. The famous Dilwara Temple is situated in
(a) Madhya Pradesh (b) Maharashtra
(c) Gujarat (d) Rajasthan
Q.61. Pneumonia affects
(a) Lungs (b) Tongue
(c) Liver (d) Kidney
Q.62. The chemical name of Vitamin A is
(a) Retinol (b) Jhiamin
(c) Biotic (d) Riboflavin
Q.63. A 130m long train crosses a bridge in 30 seconds at 45 kmph. The length of the bridge is
(a) 200m (b) 225m
(c) 245m (d) 250m
Q.64. By selling an article at some price a person gains 10%. If the article is sold at twice of the price, the gain percent will be
(a) 20% (b) 60%
(c) 100% (d) 120%
Q.65. Atoms are electrically charged as
(a) Positive (b) Negative
(c) Bi-positive (d) Neutral
Q.66. Ionic bond exists in
(a) Kcl (b) H2O
(c) NH3 (d) Cl3
Q.67. Which force is required to increase the momentum of an object to 40 kg m/s in 5 seconds?
(a) 2N (b) 4N
(c) 8N (d) 10N
Q.68. The river that does not form delta is
(a) Mahanadi (b) Tapti
(c) Krishna (d) Cauvery
Q.69. The ratio of the redius and height of a cone is 5 : 12, respectively. Its volume is 23147cc. Find its slant height.
(a) 13cm (b) 14cm
(c) 17cm (d) 26cm
Q.70. 27 students took part in a debate of a college. What is the probability that at least 3 of them have their birth days in the same month?
(a) 3/27 (b) 3/12
(c) 12 (d) 1
Q.71. Who was the first winner of Dada Saheb Phalke Award?
(a) B.N.Sarkar (b) Prithvi Raj Kapoor
(c) Devika Rani (d) Kanan Devi
Q.72. How many members are nominated by the President in the Rajya Sabha?
(a) 12 (b) 15
(c) 10 (d) 20
Q.73. Who was the founder of Brahmo Samaj?
(a) Raja Rammohan Roy (b) Aurobindo Ghosh
(c) Vivekanand (d) Dyanand Saraswati
Q.74. The Parliamentary System in India has been taken from
(a) America (b) Britain
(c) Australia (d) Ireland
Q.75. The electric supply in India was first started in
(a) Kolkata (b) Chennai
(c) Mumbai (d) Darjeeling
Q.76. Bhatnagar Prize is given in the field of
(a) Peace (b) Music and dance
(c) Science & technology (d) Fine arts
Q.77. Who discovered the solar system?
(a) Copernicus (b) Kepler
(c) Aryabhatta (d) Newton
Q.78. The Nobel Prize in Economics was started in
(a) 1901 (b) 1936
(c) 1957 (d) 1967
Q.79. In India, the second largest in
(a) Bengali (b) Urdu
(c) Telugu (d) Marathi
Q.80. The first Asian Games were held in
(a) Manila (b) Tokyo
(c) Jakarta (d) New Delhi
Q.81. The Islam was established in
(a) 7th A.D. (b) 5th A.D.
(c) 3rd B.C. (d) 5th B.C.
Q.82. The Olympic Games 2012 will be held in
(a) Moscow (b) Paris
(c) New York (d) London
Q.83. The main factor of air pollution is
(a) Lead (b) Copper
(c) Zinc (d) Gold
Q.84. The bauxite ore is found in
(a) Musabani (b) Karnapura
(c) Koderma (d) Palamu
Q.85. The first fertilizer plant in India was established in
(a) Trombay (b) Nangal
(c) Alwaye (d) Sindri
Q.86. Which of the following had strong navy?
(a) Bahmani (b) Chalukya
(c) Chola (d) Rashtrakuta

Ans-(C)
Q.87. The last king of Maurya Dynastry was
(a) Brihdarth (b) Kunal
(c) Samprati (d) Salishuk

Ans-(A)
Q.88. How will the image formed by a convex lens be affected if the central part of the lens is covered by black paper?
(a) Remaining part of the lens will form no image
(b) The central position of the image is absent
(c) There will be no effect
(d) The full image will be formed with lessened brightness

Ans-(D)
Q.89. The force between two parallel wires conducting current is used to define
(a) Ampere (b) Coulomb
(c) Volt (d) Newton
ANS - (a)

Q.90. A body is thrown vertically upward and it reaches 10m high. Find the velocity with which the body was thrown? (g = 9.8 m/s)
(a) 10 m/sec. (b) 18 m/sec.
(c) 14 m/sec. (d) 7 m/sec.
ANS - (c)
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (a) 11. (d) 12. (a)
13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (a) 16. (c) 17. (c) 18. (b) 19. (c) 20. (a) 21. (a) 22. (b) 23. (d)
24. (c) 25. (a) 26. (d) 27. (c) 28. (c) 29. (a & b) 30. (b) 31. (d) 32. (c) 33. (a) 34. (a)
35. (b) 36. (a) 37. (b) 38. (b) 39. (d) 40. (b) 41. (a) 42. (d) 43. (b) 44. (c) 45. (d) 46. (a)
47. (d) 48. (b) 49. (c) 50. (a) 51. (c) 52. (a) 53. (a) 54. (d) 55. (c) 56. (c) 57. (b) 58. (a)
59. (d) 60. (d) 61. (a) 62. (a) 63. (c) 64. (d) 65. (d) 66. (a) 67. (c) 68. (b) 69. (a) 70. (c)
71. (c) 72. (a) 73. (a) 74. (b) 75. (d) 76. (c) 77. (a) 78. (d) 79. (c) 80. (d) 81. (a) 82. (d)
83. (a) 84. (d) 85. (d) .

Visible Output in Mumbai Attacks Report: Manmohan Singh

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New Delhi: Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on Tuesday put the onus of resumption of composite dialogue between India and Pakistan on the latter, saying Islamabad will have to show “visible results” in the Mumbai terror attacks probe before the two countries can sit together again.“Pakistan should show visible results on the 26/11 probe,” Dr Singh said at the Rashtrapati Bhavan, on the sidelines of the civil investiture ceremony.
“It has to prove that the government is doing all that is possible (to bring the perpetrators to book),” he said, adding “it is the least they should do to convince us of their sincerity.”
Both the countries will have to jointly face the scourge of terrorism, the Prime Minister stated further.
Regarding the accusations being levelled on his UPA government in connection with the imposition of the National Security Act (NSA) on BJP leader Varun Gandhi, Dr Singh said that the decision had nothing to do with the Centre. The decision to impose NSA was taken by the government of Uttar Pradesh, he added.

Six Indians dead in US shooting after 'family quarrel'

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Chennai: An Indian IT professional in the US opened fire at his family members following a quarrel with his brother-in-law, killing five people, including three children. He then shot himself dead, a relative in a Tamil Nadu village said Tuesday.
The shootout took place Monday night (IST) in Santa Clara, a town in the Silicon Valley.
"My son-in-law Devarajan had a quarrel with my son Ashokan and shot everyone in the family including my son, daughter-in-law Suchitra, their child Neha, my daughter Aabha and their children Akhil and Ahaana yesterday (Monday) night in the US during dinner," a grief-stricken Appu Master, an 80-year-old retired schoolteacher, told IANS from Ayyankollai village in Tamil Nadu.
"My family's entire next generation had moved to the US some 15 years ago and were very close to each other till this happened. Only Aabha has survived the firing and the rest of the family including Devarajan, who committed suicide, has been wiped out after he opened fire from two handguns," Master added.
Devarajan and Ashokan were two Malayalam-speaking IT professionals, who originally hailed from Ayyankollai in Nilgiri district, over 500 km from state capital Chennai.
According to a report in the San Jose Mercury News, an Indian passport was found inside the house, but the identity of the victims had not been revealed by the US police.
The suspected shooter, a man in his 40s (now identified as Devarajan) was found dead inside the house, Santa Clara Police Captain Mike Sellers had been quoted as saying.
A report in The San Francisco Chronicle had described the shootings as "one of the deadliest such incidents of Santa Clara in recent history".
Source: Indo-Asian News Service

Sanjay Dutt barred from election

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Dutt is one of India's most bankable Bollywood stars The Indian Supreme Court has ruled that Bollywood actor Sanjay Dutt, convicted for his role in the 1993 Mumbai blasts, cannot contest forthcoming elections.
The court declined Dutt's request to suspend his conviction saying he had been involved in a "serious offence".
The actor was sentenced to six years in jail in July 2007 for buying weapons from bombers who attacked Mumbai.
He was bailed in November 2007 and wanted to stand as a Samajwadi Party candidate while his appeal was heard.
The Samajwadi Party hoped he would run in Lucknow, capital of the northern state of Uttar Pradesh.
Responding to the ruling, Dutt, one of Bollywood's most bankable stars, said he abide by the court's decision.
'Serious offence'
The Supreme Court ruled the actor could not stand in elections for the duration of his sentence.
"It is not a fit case for suspension of conviction because of his [Sanjay Dutt's] involvement in a serious offence," its ruling said.
Under Indian laws, anyone who is convicted by a court and given a jail sentence for a period of two years or more is not allowed to contest elections.
"I am a law abiding citizen and I respect the court's decision," Dutt told journalists after the court order.
"But I'm not leaving Lucknow. This is my seat and it will remain so forever. Whoever replaces me as the candidate here, will be my candidate," he said.
Hundreds of people were killed in the blasts
Dutt is appealing against his conviction in the Supreme Court.
The actor, who found fame playing gangsters and anti-heroes, is the most high-profile of 100 people convicted in connection with the blasts, which killed 257 people in Mumbai (Bombay).
He was originally charged with five offences, including criminal conspiracy and possession of illegal weapons.
The court found him guilty of illegally possessing firearms but cleared him of conspiracy.
During the course of the trial, Sanjay Dutt - the son of a Hindu father and Muslim mother - said the weapons were necessary in order to defend his family during the Hindu-Muslim rioting of 1993.
The violence followed the destruction by Hindu zealots of the Babri mosque in the northern town of Ayodhya.
The Mumbai blasts were allegedly carried out by the city's Muslim-dominated underworld in retaliation for the riots, in which most of those killed were Muslims.

BJP refuses to drop Varun Gandhi

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India's opposition Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) says ex-PM Indira Gandhi's grandson will be an election candidate, despite anti-Muslim accusations.
The Election Commission (EC) had advised the BJP not to nominate Varun Gandhi, saying he had made "highly derogatory" remarks while campaigning.
The BJP said the EC was biased and that only courts could rule on candidacy.
Mr Gandhi expressed "deep disappointment over the unseemly haste" in which the EC had acted.
He has denied making the comments and said a recording of the remarks had been "doctored".
The Election Commission, however, said it was convinced that footage of Mr Gandhi's speech had "not been tampered with, doctored or morphed as alleged by the respondent".
'Victim'
In a 10-page order, the commission said that Mr Gandhi, 29, "does not deserve to be a candidate" in next month's election.

It said Mr Gandhi's statements contained "highly derogatory" references and seriously provocative language of a "wholly unacceptable" nature.
However, Balbir Punj, a spokesman for the BJP, India's main opposition party, said the commission had "no authority to give such a direction to a political party".
"Varun Gandhi is the BJP candidate in Pilibhit [constituency in Uttar Pradesh]. What I am telling you is the outcome of the consultations among the BJP leaders."
Mr Gandhi, who is making his political debut in the election, condemned the EC decision, saying he was "astonished that such harsh censure should be used without any attempt to ascertain the truth".
He said that in its "adverse remarks and recommendations to the BJP" the EC had "acted beyond its jurisdiction and has surpassed its powers".
He added: "I remain confident for I believe my real court of appeal lies with the people."
The footage of Mr Gandhi's rallies on 6 and 8 March in Pilibhit have been broadcast on Indian television.
Mr Gandhi cannot be barred from contesting elections unless he is convicted or found guilty by courts, but criminal charges have now been filed against him.
Mr Gandhi is the son of Sanjay Gandhi, Indira Gandhi's younger son who was killed in a plane crash.
Although he is a descendant of the influential Nehru-Gandhi dynasty, Mr Gandhi belongs to a side of the family that has disowned them.
I remain confident for I believe my real court of appeal lies with the people -Varun Gandhi

Source : BBC

Shut Chinese Mobile Phones: DoT

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Indian cellcos have started informing their customers who are using illegal handsets with no or spoofed IMEIs that their connections will soon be disconnected. Earlier this year, the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) had asked operators to disconnect services to such handsets because they might pose a security threat. For the uninitiated, every GSM mobile phone comes with a unique IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Number) - except for the illegal, low-cost, mostly unbranded Chinese phones, most of which have spoofed IMEIs or none at all. It is a 15-digit number that appears on the operator's network when a call is made. Using IMEI, cellcos can track phones and block or unblock them for security reasons or even if your phone is stolen. This essentially makes handsets useless for the thief as a non-working phone is just a brick. You can find out your IMEI number by pressing the *#06# keys on your phone.
The DoT had asked the companies to equip their systems with EIRs (Equipment Identity Registers) that allows them to check if calls are made from legal, genuine handsets; thus, they can gradually weed out illegal handsets. The companies have now started sending text alerts to consumers using such handsets, informing them that the IMEI-less phones would be denied access to their networks.
It is, however, unlikely that all illegal handsets will be blocked by the March 31 deadline that the DoT had given. The main reason being the extra load that the screening of each of the phones for their IMEI number would put on the networks; this is the biggest concern for cellcos at the moment, and has been the general sentiment from what our sources say. A major telecom operator is asking for more time to implement the directive because the process of IMEI identification is time-consuming. We are still awaiting a response from Airtel, whom we have contacted regarding this.
Add this to the fact that there are various combinations of illegal IMEI numbers that makes the blocking process harder than it sounds.
The Indian Cellular Association (ICA) has on its part requested the Government to snap the supply of illegal handsets at the point of import, which at the moment seems to be most cost-effective and sensible way to deal with the entire problem.
Are you using a phone with no IMEI? If yes, have you received any communication from your operator requesting you to change to a "legal" handset?
Source: Techtree.com

Verbal Reasoning Test -- 04

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Alphabet/Letter Analogies a
In letter analogy questions, the Question Pair and Answer Pair consist of letters. You have to examine the Question Pair and find the relationship between them and choose the Answer Pair that contains the same analogy or relationship as in the Question Pair.
Some of the most common analogical relationship between letter pairs are given below. You must understand the relationship and learn to recognise it. You must be able to solve the few exercises given with each type. It is not important to remember the name of the type.
Direct alphabetic sequential relationship
Example CD: GH :: LM : ___________?
(a) DC (b) EG (c) AB (d) JI
Answer (c)
Explanation Examine the question pair 'CD: GH'. The letters of the first term 'CD' are in natural alphabetic sequence. As are the letters of the second term 'GH'. The letters 'LM' are also in natural alphabetical sequence. Therefore, a search for an answer where letters are in natural alphabetic sequence will lead you to 'AB'.
Exercises
1. XY : PQ :: MN : ______:______?
(a) TS (b) MO (c) QP (d) BC
2. GH : AB :: BC :_____:______?
(a) RT (b) QR (c) RS (d) DF
3. MN : OP :: RS : ______:_____?
(a) BH (b) HI (c) MO (d) UW
4. YZ : XY :: AB :______:______?
(a) ML (b) BD (c) PR (d) PQ
Answers 1. (d), 2. (c), 3. (b), 4. (d)
Opposite alphabetic relationship
Example
DC: HG :: ML : ______:______?
(a) OP (b) NM (c) BA (d) PQ
Answer (b) and (c)
Explanation It is clear that the letters in each term are in the reverse of alphabetic sequence. Hence look for an answer where letters are in the reverse alphabetic order. Note It is worth remembering that sometimes the directions to question do not specify that there is only one correct answer. In such cases, look out for more than one correct answer and give both for full credit.
Exercises
1. TS : LK :: BA : ______:_____?
(a) DE (b) FE (c) Gl (d) RP
2. NM : QP :: ZY : ______:______?
(a) MQ (b) YW (c) XW (d) yz
3. PO : SR :: BA : ________:______?
(a) ZA (b) yz (c) zy (d) PL
4. Jl : XW :: KJ : ______:______?
(a) PQ (b) QR (c) RQ (d) XY
Answers 1. (b), 2. (c), 3. (c), 4. (c)
Vowel/consonant relationship
Example ABD: EJL :: _____:_____?
(a) GFH: IPR (b) IPR: URT (c) IPR: OTY (d) IPR: ORT
Answer (d)
Explanation Examine the question pair' ABD : EJL'. The first letters of each term are 'A' and 'E'. These are the first two vowels (AEIOU). A quick look at the answer choices can tell you that you could be on the right track and that the first term of the answer pair will begin with 'I' and that the second term of the answer pair will begin with '0'. This leaves you with answer choices (c) and (d). Go back to the answer pair and look at the second two letters of each term.
First term: ABD Second term: EJL
You can now look for the pattern which emerges:
First term: B, skip C, D
Second term: J, skip K, L
This pattern clearly eliminates answer choice (c), leaving (d) as the correct answer. A little practice with the following exercises and the steps mentioned above will come to you automatically.
Exercises
1. EFH : ILN :: ______:______?
(a) ILM: OPQ (b) EGH:IMN (c) OPR:URT (d) OPQ: UBT
2. AXZ : EBD :: ______:_______?
(a) IRT: OWY (b) XYI:MOQ (c) PSI: UXW (d) AOl: UBX
3. BDA-: JLE :: _______:_______?
(a) OKT:BCD (b) PRI: LNO (c) MOl: LMO (d) RSI: UVO
4. KME : PRI ::_________:________?
(a) CDO:EGQ (b) DFO: oru (c) BDE:EGU (d) BDO:EKM
5. BAC : MIN :: ________:_______?
(a) TOR:LUT (b) PID: KOM (c) PEQ: ROS (d) POQ: RUS
6. CED : GIH :: _______:_______?
(a) JEK: LIM (b) 10K: LUM (c) JAK: LIM (d) JEO: LIM
7. ACDE: OGHI:: ESTU: ______:_______?
(a) ABCD (b) EPQU (c) XYZE (d) HKGO
Answers 1. (c), 2. (a), 3. (b), 4. (b), 5. (c), 6. (b), 7. (b)
Skip letter relationship
Example AB: DE ::______:______?
Answer (a) Examine the question pair 'AB : DE'. The relationship is that the letters are in alphabetic order, with a letter skipped between terms.
Example AB: FG ::_____:____?
(a) RS: WX (b) KL: PQ (c) KL: OP (d) JK: MN
Answer (a) and (b). Examine the question pair 'AB : FG'. The relationship is that the letters are in alphabetic order, with 3 letters shifted between terms.
Example BD: EG :: _____:______?
(a) KM: SU (b) AB: BD (c) AC: CE (d) XY: ZY
Answer (a) and (c).
Examine the question pair 'BD: EG'. The relationship is that the letters are in alphabetic order, with the intervening letter skipped in each term.
Exercises
1. BC : FG :: _____:______?
(a) AD: PQ (b) HI:JK (c) JK: LM (d) HI:LM
2. DE: HI :: _______:_______?
(a) DE:HJ (b) JK: LM (c) JK:NO (d) JK: OP
3. EF : IJ :: ________:_______?
(a) KL:MN (b) KL:OP (c) JK:NO (d) KL: PQ
4. BC: GH:: ________:_______?
(a) JK:NO (B) CD:FG (c) HI:JK (d) IJ:MN
5. CD : HI :: ________:_______?
(a) JK: PQ (b) JK: LM (c) JK: OP (d) JK:MN
6. JK : OP :: ________:_______?
(a) QR:OU (b) QR:VW (c) ST:UV (d) QR: ST
7. DF : GI :: _______:_______?
(a) JL:LM (b) JL:MN (c) LM:OP (d) JL:MO
8. OQ : QS ::________:_______?
(a) ZY: AZ (b) XZ:AC (c) RT:VW (d) ZY: ZA
9. TV: UW::_______:________?
(a) YX:CD (b) XZ:AC (c) XY:BC (d) DF:GH
Answers 1. (d), 2. (c), 3. (b), 4. (a), 5. (c), 6. (b), 7. (d), 8. (b), 9. (b)
Letter form relationship
This type of analogy depends on the form of the letter. Look for straight lines, closed and open ends, circles and tails, etc.
Example I: T ::_____:_____?
(a) W: X (b) M: V (c) L: N (d) L: X
Answer (c).
Explanation Examine the question Pair' I : T'. The first term 'I' is composed of one straight stroke. The second term 'T' is composed of two straight strokes.
Examine answer option (a) W : X : 4 strokes: 2 strokes, no pattern.
Examine answer option (b) M : V : 4 strokes : 2 strokes, no pattern.
Examine answer option (c) L : N : 2 strokes: 3 strokes; pattern exists. Increasing number of strokes; I : 2 :: 2 : 3 Examine answer option (d) L : X : 2 strokes : 2 strokes; no pattern. Hence (c) is the answer.
Example b: d :: P : (a) a (b) 0 (c) q (d) d
Answer (c)
Explanations Look at the letters as combinations of straight lines and circles. Look at the position of the circles and lines.
'b ' : circle with line on left, going up
'd' : circle with line on right, going up
'p' : circle with line on left, going down. You must, therefore, look for a letter with a circle with line on right, going down.
Exercises
1. q : d :: b : _____:_____?
(a) p (b) d (c) b (d) j
2. n : m :: u : ______:______?
(a) v (b) t (c) w (d) x
3. b : p :: d : _______:______?
(a) t (b) J (c) z (d) g
4. d : g :: b : _______:______?
(a) p (b) b (c) J (d) I
5. n : u :: m: _______:______?
(a) x (b) v (c) w (d) 0
6. b : g :: d:_______:______?
(a) q (b) g (c) p (d) z
7. F: P:: E: _______:_______?
(a) F (b) G (c) B (d) W
8. N: Z:: M: _______:_______?
(a) X (b) R (c) Z (d) W
9. V: W:: Y: ________:_______?
(a) Z (b) G (c) M (d) Q
Answers 1. (a), 2. (c), 3. (d), 4. (a), 5. (c), 6. (c), 7. (c), 8. (d), 9. (c)
Jumbled letter relationship
Exarnple GNIK: KING :: _____:____?
(a) NRAEL: LEARN (b) STUDENT: TNEDUTS (c) TEACHER: REHCHAET (d) WRITE: ETIRW
Answer (a).
Explanation Examine the question pair 'GNIK : KING'. The second term (KING) of the question pair is made by reversing the order of the letters of the first term (G~1K). Similarly '1\TRAEL' is reverse of 'LEARN'.
Exercises
1.RAGDE: EDGAR :: ______:______?
(a) LUKE: MAITHEWS (b) GANDHI: HDNADI(c) EGROEG: GEORGE (d) POLITE: COURTESY
2.WINTER: RETNIW :: _______:_______?
(a) RMMEUS: SUMMER (b) SPRING: GNIRPS (c) HEAVEN:GOD (d) KNIFE: BLADE
3.ENGLISH: HSILGNE ::_____:_____?
(a) SANSKRIT: HINDI (b) URDU: HINDUSTANI (c) HINDI: IDNIH (d) FORETE: COBAL
4.NAMTIP : PITMAN :: ______:______?
(a) CORNER: RENROC (b) SIDE: EDIS(c) DISCOUNT: TNUOCSID (d) EGAIRRAM: MARRIAGE
NOTE The sequence of terms in Question pair should be the same as in Answer pair.
Answer 1. (c), 2. (b), 3. (c), 4. (d) Now that you have covered the various types of alphabet analogies, attempt the test in the following pages and compare your answers with the ones given after the test. Study the explanation given with each answer. Even if you got the answer correct, a study of the explanations will bring out the correct way of arriving at the answer.

Verbal Reasoning Tests -- 3

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PRACTICE TESTS-WORD ANALOGIES
DIRECTIONS In each of the questions below, a related pair of words in capital letters is followed by five pair of words (a-e). Select that lettered pair that expresses the relationship that is MOST similar to that of the capitalised pair:
1.FURY: IRE::____:_____?
(a) Cry: whisper (b) Dispassion: emotion (c) Joke: laugh (d) Amusement : happiness (e) Convulsion: spasm
2. INK : PAPER ::______:_____?
(a) Pen: pencil (b) Paint : painting (c) Chalk: blackboard (d) Carbon paper : ballpoint pen (e) Feltboard : drawing pins
3. REMORSE: ABSOLUTION::______:_____?
(a) Evasion : suspicion (b) Horror : sympathy (c) Disdain : corruption (d) Banter : passion (e) Serious : humour
4. VANDALISM: PROPERTY::________:_______?
(a) Implication: crime (b) Embezzlement: fraud (c) Perjury : testimony (d) Malpracticing : cheating (e) Testify: reputation
5. FLOW-SHEET: MANUFACTURER::_______:________?
(a) Formula : product (b) Blue print: architect (c) Cameraman: film (d) Scenario: writer (e) Script: actor
6. GOOD: EXCELLENT::_________:_________?
(a) Bad: immoral (b) Caution : careless (c) Hill : mountain (d) Jealousy : respect (e) Sickness : medicines
7. NITROGEN: GASEOUS::________:________?
(a) Oxygen: organic matter (b) Lead: heavy ( c) Feather: weightless (d) Mercury: fluid (e) Nitrogen: stale food
8. INCANDESCENT: GLOWING ::_________:________?
(a) Candle: light (b) Flash : flame ( c) Tedious: bore (d) Boor : oafish (e) Indefatigable: untiring
9. EDITOR: MAGAZINE::_________:_________?
(a) Novel: writer (b) Poem: poet (c) Chair : carpenter (d) Director: film (e) Psychiatrist : neurotic
10. DETERIORATION: RUST::________:________?
(a) Iron: water (b) emaciation: debilitation (c) Depression: unemployment (d) Recession : inefficiency (e) Promulgation: legislation
11. INTELLIGENSIA : ELITIST:_______:_______?(a) LQ. : Intelligent (b) Outershell : sea-shell (c) Rabble: plebeian Cd) Gentry: public (e) Commonality: common class
12. TEDIOUS: BORING::______:______?(a) Boor : oafish (b) Pressing : crushing (c) Poor: poverty (d) incorgruous : consistent (e) Indefatigable: untiring
13. ELEVATED: EXALTED::________:________?
(a) Promoted: excellence (b) Raise: commensurate (c) Dirty : filthy (d) Disorderly: unfaithful (e) Purified: hygienic
14. TICKET: ADMISSION ::________:________?
(a) School : book (b) Strong : moral (c) Neck: collar (d) Coat : pocket (e) Money : luxuries
15. MUSIC: HARMONIUM ::_______:______?
(a) Novel: writer (b) Words: word-processor (c) Author : book (d) Water: tank (e) Guitar: sound
16. ENERGY: DISSIPATE ::_______:______?
(a) Charge : battery (b) Food: temperature (c) Money : squander (d) Power: generator (e) Atom: explosion
17. COMMANDER COMMANDS ::________:_______?
(a) Surgeon : diagnosis (b) Senator : legislates (c) Checks : teacher (d) Aerates : aviator (e) Specific : responses
18. FORMULA: CONSTITUENT::_______:______?
(a) Verdict : sentence (b) Rocket : pilot (c) Carburettor : mixture (d) Binominal : monocular (e) Equation : term
19. LUGUBRIOUS: SORROWFUL::_______:_______?
(a) Unhappy: gloomy (b) Lustrous : luscious (c) Credible: incredible (d) Euphoric: cheerful (e) Frenzied: excited
20. GLOVE: HAND ::_______:_______?
(a) Neck: collar (b) Tie: shirt (c) Shoe: lace (d) Coat : pocket (e) Socks: feet
21. STUDENT: MARKS ::________:______?
(a) Teacher : class (b) Pen :nib (c) Scholar: book (d) Discipline : student (e) Waiter: tip
22. KNOB: DOOR ::_______:_______?
(a) Shoe: socks (b) Belt: trousers (c) Nose: face (d) Necklace: neck (e) Ring: ear
23. PRIMEVAL: MEDIEVAL::_______:_______?
(a) Snow: ice (b) Thorn: rose (c) Evolution: revelation (d) Gorilla: soldier (e) Dinosaur : dragon
24. DEPLETE: ENERVATE::______:______?
(a) Strengthen : weak (b) Invigorate : tired (c) Exhaust: enfeeble ( d) Tighten: Loosen (e) Weariness: restless
25. ILGHT: CANDLE ::________:________?
(a) Exercise: strength (b) Dieting: overweight (c) Power: battery (d) Heat: coil (e) Automobile: engine
26. EMBARRASS: HUMILIATE ::______:______?
(a) Difficult situation: painful (b) Annoy: exasperate (c) Gamble: investment (d) Embezzle: speculate (e) Enquire: ask
27. OPERATION THEATRE: SURGERY::_______:______?
(a) Judge: lawyer (b) Doctor : disease (c) Settlement: client (d) School : classes (d) Court: litigation
28. OVERLOOK: ABERRATION::______:______?
(a) Conviction: criminal (b) Error: omission (c) Condone: offence (d) Careless: loyalty (e) Mitigate: penitence
29. TRILOGY: NOVEL ::______:______?
(a) Rice: husk (b) Milk: cream(c) Fabric: weaving (d) Gun: cartridge (e) Serial: episode 30. IMPLICATE: INCRIMINATION::______:_____?
(a) Perjury: fraud (b) Embezzlement: charge ( c) Exonerate: acquittal (d) Involve: crime (e) Involvement: malpractice
31. HINDALIUM : ALUMINIUM ::______:______?
(a) Iron: lead (b) Carbon: manganese (c) Lead: silver (d) Brass: copper (e) Gold: antimony 32. PEACEFUL: RESISTANCE::_______:______?
(a) Litigation: lawlessness (b) Coherent: inconsistency (c) Dumb: follow (d) Diligent: reliability (e) Rough: forceful
33. BALL: THROW::______:______?
(a) Shuttle cock: racket (b) Ball: bat (c) Dog: pat (d) Hockey: ball (e) Shoot: rifle
34. JUDGE: ADJUDICATE ::_____:______?
(a) Advocate: jury (b) Mediator: reconcile (c) Lawyer: client (d) Appellant: implore (e) Researcher: mendate
35. PEDANT: ERUDITION ::______:______?
(a) Diplomat: tactless (b) Prude: modesty (c) Enemy: friendly (d) Blum: poiitician (e) Rude: politeness
36. SOLDIER: STENGUN ::______:______?
(a) Bow: arrow (b) Knight: sword (c) Lock: key (d) Horse: cart (e) Rifle: trigger 37. VOLCANO: LA VA ::______:_____?(a) Fault: earthquake (b) Death: sorrow (c) Delta: river (d) Rock: sand (e) Earth: crust
38. INTIMIDATE: WHEEDLE::____:_____?(a) Extol: disparage (b) Outwordly: truely (c) Defile: rebuke (d) Co-ordinate: disinter (e) Resolute: impetuous
39. CAPRICIOUS: RELIABILITY::_______:_______?
(a) Heated: boiling (b) Arbitrary: whimsical (c) Tenacious: practicality (d) Unreliable: inhuman (e) Extemporaneous: predictability
40. AGREEMENT: DISSENT ::_____:_____?(a) Contract: clauses (b) Schism: diverge (c) Impasse: concede (d) Touchdown: penalty (e) Latitude: resistance
41. EXPEND: REPLENISH ::_____:______?
(a) Occupy: re-occupy (b) Encroachment: occupy (c) Defect: rejoin (d) Formant: rebellion (e) Exhort: encourage
42. LOATH: COERCION::_______:______?
(a) Detest: caressing (b) Irritate: caressing(c) Irate: antagonism (d) Reluctant: persuasion (e) Contemplative: meditative
43. SCALES: FISH::_______:______?(a) Lady: dress (b) Skin: man (c) Tree: leaves (d) Bird: feather (e) Bear: fur
44. STOOL: BENCH ::________:_______?(a) Chair: table (b) Carpenter: chair (c) Foot-rule: yardstick (d) Wood: steel (e) Glass: cup
45. APPEAL: REFUSAL::_______:________?
(a) Obesity: overeating (b) Deny: affirmation (c) Try: failure (d) Struggle: victory (e) Examination: passing
46. WEIGHT: KILOGRAM ::______:______? (a) Pint: Liquid (b) Distance: kilometer (c) Mile: length (d) Pound: weight (e) Bushel: com
47. WRITER: PEN::______:_______?
(a) Needle: tailor (b) Artist: brush (c) Paint: painter (d) Teacher: class (e) Saw: carpenter 48. PAIN: MISERY::_______:_______?
(a) Disease: poverty (b) Despair: loneliness (c) Ignorance: confusion (d) Superstition: peasants (e) Ignore: greet
49. PAINTING: ARTIST ::________:_______?
(a) Song: singer (b) Musician: music (c) Author: novel (d) Cook: meal (e) Poem: poet 50. BARREL: VIAL ::______:_______?
(a) Length: height (b) Low: high (c) Brochure: compiler (d) Book: pamphlet (e) Book: readers 51. COAL: HEAT:: WAX:_____?
(a) Honey (b) Bee (c) Light (d) Energy
52. RECEPTIONIST: OFFICE :: HOSTESS:________?
(a) Crew (b) Host (c) Airport (d) Aircraft
53. CLAY: POTTERY:: GOLD:_____:_____?
(a) Woman (b) Goldsmith (c) Ornaments (d) Metal
54. What is found once in Tea, twice in coffee but not in Milk?
(a) Cream (b) Water (c) Sugar (d) A vowel
55. WATER: ICE:: STEAM:______:_____?
(a) Heat (b) Water (c) Boil (d) Fire
56. OVERLOOK: TREACHERY::_____:_____?
(a) Punish: criminal (b) Mitigate: penitence (c) Overlook: abberation (d) Ignore: betrayal Answers with explanation
1. (e) Fury means violent excitement (rage) and ire is anger. Difference of degree or intensity exists in the question pair. Convulsion is more violent muscular contraction as compared to spasm.
2. (c) Ink is used to write on paper and chalk is used to write on blackboard.
3. (a) To exhibit remorse may result in absolution (freedom from consequences of a previous act) and to respond to questions with evasion may evoke suspicion. Cause and effect relationship. 4. (c) Vandalism is a malicious crime related with property. Perjury (false statement) is a crime connected with testimony.
5. (b) Flow-sheet is prepared by a manufacturer for the guidance of those involved in the manufacturing operations. Blue-print is prepared by the architect to guide the construction people.
6. (c) Excellent is greater is degree than good. Similarly, mountain is higher than hill. Difference of degree relationship.
7. (d) Nitrogen is a gas and Mercury is a liquid. Relation of physical properties of the material.
8. (e) Incandescent in a synonym for glowing. Similarly, indefatigable is a synonym for untiring. In pairs (c) and (d), for Tedious there should have been boring and not Boor, and similarly Oaf and not Oafish.
9. (d) The Editor works on the magazine to bring it into shape for presentation to readers. The Director works on the film to make it ready for release to the viewers. Here is the relationship of association. In other choices, the sequence is not matching the question pair.
10. (c) As rust can be caused by deterioration, unemployment can be caused by depression.
11. (c) Intelligensia is characterised as Elitist; Rabble (common class of people) may be characterised as Plebeian (belonging to lower social class of people).
12. (e) Tedious is synonym for boring and Indefatigable is synonym for untiring.
13. (c) Elevated (promoted/advancement) and Exalted both have same meaning but latter is lesser in degree or intensity. Similarly, Dirty is a lower degree of unc leanliness.
14. (e) A ticket enables admission and money enables to buy luxuries.
15. (b) Music will be produced from a harmonium only if a skilled person plays it. Similarly, words will be processed if a skilled operator uses word-processor. Choice (e) could have been correct if words were in reverse order to match the question pair sequence.
16. (c) Energy can be wasted or dissipated just as money can be wasted or squandered.
17. (b) The primary function of the commander is to command. Similarly a senator legislates. This is a functional relationship.
18. (e) Constituent is one of the components of a formula. Similarly, Term is the constituent of an Equation. Whole and part relationship.
19. (d) Lugubrious is a person more gloomy and a sorrowful person is only gloomy. Similarly as euphoric person has more feelings of well being than a cheerful person. Same meaning words having degree of difference.
20. (e) Just as socks are made to fit and cover the feet, gloves are made to fit and cover the hands.
21. (e) As student gets marks for good work in a test or examination, waiter gets a tip for giving good service.
22. (c) Knob must be on a door, a nose must be on a face.
23. (e) Primeval period is associated with the dinosaur and medieval period with the dragon.
24. (c) Deplete means to exhaust and enervate means to become weak. Exhaust and enfeeble also means the same. The relationship is analogous with degree of difference only.
25. (c) A candle is a source of light as a battery is a source of power.
26. (b) Embarrass and humiliate are similar in meaning but latter is stronger in degree. Same relation exists between annoy and exasperate.
27 (e) Operation theatre is a place where surgery is performed and court is a place for settlement of litigations.
28. (c) One can overlook an error or an aberration; one can also pardon (condone) an offence.
29. (e) Triology is a work consisting of three novels, a serial is a work consisting of a number of episodes (instalments). A whole and part relationship.
30. (c) Incrimination means to charge someone with a crime. To implicate someone in a crime is to connect him with the crime which would lead to his incrimination. To exonerate a person charged with a crime would free him and lead to his acquittal.
31. (d) Hindalium is an alloy from aluminium and brass is an alloy made from copper.
32. (b) A peaceful person does not show resistance, a coherent person is usually well organised and does not show inconsistency.
33. (c) You can throw a ball and pat a dog. Relationship is of action on a subject.
34. (b) A judge adjudicates and a mediator helps in reconciliation. The second term in both cases is a major function of the first term.
35. (b) Pedant relates to a person who attaches too much importance to learning or erudition and prude is a person who displays excessive modesty.
36. (b) A stengun is soldier's weapon like a sword which is a weapon for knight. Functional relationship.
37. (a) Volcano causes lava to flow. Faulting or displacement of earth's crust causes an earthquake. Both are natural occurrences connected with earth.
38. (a) Intimidation is forcing by fear a person to take action, while wheedle is persuading a person by flattery. Extol means _praise highly and disparage means to belittle or treat slightingly. Pairs of opposite meaning.
39. (e) Capricious behaviour is not characterised by reliability. Extemporaneous actions are not characterised by predictability.
40. (c) An agreement may end if one of the parties to it begins to dissent. An impasse may end if one of the parties will concede a points to the other.
41. (c) Expend means to use up, and replenish is to refill. To defect is to desert whereas rejoin means to return to the company of those one has left. An opposite relationship.
42. (d) If someone is loath (unwilling) to do something, coercion (use of force) may be required to change his mind. Similarly, if a person is reluctant, he may be persuaded to change his mind.
43. (b) Scales are external coverings of a fish as skin is external covering of human body. Choice (d) could have been also correct if the word pair should have been "Feather : Bird" so as to match the question pair in sequence.
44. (c) Stool and bench both are for sitting purposes, the difference lies in the size (bench is bigger than stool). Similarly, foot-rule and yardstick both are for measuring the length, the difference is that the yardstick is bigger than the foot-rule.
45. (c) When one appeals, one expects an acceptance and not refusal. When one tries, one expects success and not failure. The relationship is negative response to an action.
46. (b) Measurement of weight is expressed in kg as measurement of distance is expressed in krn, In answer choices (a) and (c) could have been acceptable if the sequence of the words have been reverse in order to match the question pair.
47. (b) A writer needs pen for his work and an artist needs a brush for his work. Other answer choices have been rejected as they do not follow the sequence of question pair.
48. (c) Pain causes misery and ignorance causes confusion.
49. (e) A painting is made by an artist and poem is created by a poet. In other choices the sequence of word pair is not in line with the question pair.
50. (d) Both the barrel and vial can hold liquid-barrel is bigger in volume than a vial. Similarly both book and pamphlet consist of pages, the book is much larger in size.
51. (c) Coal is a source of heat, and wax is source of candle which in turn gives light.
52. (d) Receptionists work in office and hostess works in Aircraft.
53. (c) Clay is turned into pottery and gold into ornaments.
54. (d) The vowel 'e'.
55. (b) Water is frozen into ice and steam is condensed into water.
56. (d) 'Overlook the Treachery' is analogous to 'Ignoring the Betrayal'. Alphabet/Letter

Verbal Reasoning Test -2

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Worker and article relationship
Example EDITOR: NEWSPAPER :: _________:________
(a) Table: carpenter(b) Journal: journalist (c) Author: novel (d) Blacksmith: furnace (e) Typist: tabulation
Answer (c) As an editor edits and creates a newspaper, similarly an author writes a novel. In the choices a and b, the relationship is correct but the sequence does not match that of the word pair given in capital letters.
Exercise
1.SCULPTOR: BUST :: ____:_____
(a) Poem: poet(b) Driver : toyota (c) Composer: symphony(d) Scholar : research(e) Painting: Mona Lisa
2.ARCHITECT: BUILDING ::_____:_____
(a) Electrician: voltmeter (b) Engineer: blue-print(c) Goldsmith: wedding ring(d) Judge : courtroom(e) Bacteriologist: microbiology
3.CARPENTER: FURNITURE ::_____:______
(a) Book: author (b) Magazine : editor(c) Cook: soup (d) Dam: civil engineer(e) Producer: distributor
4.WRITER: TEXT BOOK :: _____:_____
(a) Building: architect (b) Book: publisher(c) Tailor: wedding suit (d) Book: book-binder(e) Hair-dresser: hair-setting
Answers 1. (c), L. (c), 3. (c), 4. (c) Worker and tool relationship
Example SURGEON: FORCEPS :: _____:_____
(a) Refugee: asylum (b) Buoy: channel(c) Caucasian: saxon (d) Doctor: prescription (e) Blacksmith: hammer
Answer (e) A surgeon uses a forceps; similarly a blacksmith uses a hammer.
Exercise
1.WRITER: PEN ::_________:_________
(a) Pencil: eraser (b) Ball-point Pen: note-book (c) Typewriter: paper (d) Carpenter: saw ( e) Gun: hunter
2.DRIVER: FORKLIFT::_______:______
(a) Fireman: engine (b) Conductor: bus(c) Tailor: sewing machine (d) Furnace: blacksmith (e) Blitz: editor
3.ELECTRICIAN: VOLTMETER::________:________
(a) Carpenter: wood (b) Tailor: cloth (c) Cook: food (d) Teacher: pupil (e) Hunter: gun
4.STETHOSCOPE: MEDICAL PRACTITIONER ::______:______
(a) Doctor: medicines (b) Surgeon: operation theater (c) Thermometer: doctor (d) Matiny Idol: silver screen (e) Cobbler: leather shoe
Answers 1. (d), 2. (c), 3. (e), 4. (c)
NOTE In most answer choices here, the relationship is in agreement with that of the question pair (words in capital), but the sequence does not match that of the question pair.
Tool and object relationship
This is the relationship of the tool with the object on which it works.
Example SCISSORS: CLOTH ::______:_______
(a) Pen: ink (b) Refrigerator: ammonia (c) Furnace: smoke (d) Amulet: evil (e) Razor: hair
Answer (e) A pair of scissors is used to cut cloth. A razor is used to cut hair.
Exercise
1.HAMMER: NAIL::_______:_______
(a) Carpenter: saw (b) Electrician: screw-driver(c) Saw: wood (d) Pencil: sharpener (e) Scooter: Vijay Super 2.ERASER: PAPER ::_______:_______
(a) Ink remover: ink (b) Boil: shell(c) Gas: generator (d) Lamp: oil (e) Knife: meat
3.GRASS CUTTER: LAWN:: ______:______
(a) Grasshopper: field (b) Gardener: garden (c) Flower bed: irrigation (d) Field: trees (e) Screw-driver: screw
4.HACK-SAW: METAL::______:______
(a) Lawn: lawn-mower (b) Typescript: typewriter (c) W ord- Processor : type-setter (d) Microscope: bacteria (e) Nail-cutter: nails
Answers 1. (c), 2. (e), 3. (e), 4. (e)
Whole and part, part and whole, and part and part relationship
In Whole and Part relationship, the second term of the question pair, represents something that is part of the first term of question pair. For example,
CAR (whole) : WHEEL (part)
In Part and Whole relationship, the first word of the question pair represents something that is the part of what the second word in question pair stands for. For example,
Coil Motor (part) (whole)
In Part and Part relationship, both the terms of the question pair are part of something whole or bigger. For example,
Head Legs (part) (part) = both are parts of BODY
Example An 'Atom' is related to 'Molecule', in the same way as a 'Cell'is related to:
(a) Organism (c) Battery (b) Phone (d) Nucleus
Answer (a) Molecule is made up of number of atoms, in the same way, an organism is made up of number of cells.
Exercise 1. STAR: CONSTELLATION::_____:_____
(a) Car: wheel(b) Electric motor: copper coil (c) Batallion: soldier (d) Fleet: vehicular transports (e) Quintal: tonne
2.Soldier: Regiment ::______:______
(a) Wheels: bearings (b) Shaft: bearings(d) Book: printer (c) Coil: motor (e) Nitrogen: gas 3.FLOTILLA: PT BOATS::______:_______
(a) Empire: sovereign (b) Salvo: broadside (c) Sonar: submarine (d) Squadron: bombers (e) Ligature: wound
4.PORTFOLIO: SECURITIES ::(a) Silo: convert (b) Corsage: box (c) Panel: jurors (d) Bureau: commission (e) Cabinet: carpentry
Answers l. (e), 2. (c), 3. (d), 4. (c)
Explanations
1.Constellation is a number of fixed stars grouped within an imaginary outline as viewed from the earth and stars are therefore part of a constellation. Similarly, Quintal is a part of Tonne. This is Part and Whole relationship.
2.Soldiers form part of a Regiment as coil forms a part of motor. This is Part and Whole relationship.
3.Flotilla is a fleet of small warships, such as PT Boats. A group of Bombers is a Squadron. This is Whole and Part relationship.
4.A Portfolio is the entire group of securities a person holds for investment. A panel is a whole group of jurors.
Degree of difference (or intensity) relationship
Here, the two words in the question pair are similar in meaning, but one of the words is stronger or greater in degree than the other word in the pair.
Example PECCADILLO: CRIME :: ______:______
(a) Sheriff: jail (b) Police: thieves (c) Hesitate: procrastinate (d) Armadillo: bone (e) Bushel: peck
Answer (c) A Peccadillo is a small offence, a crime is large offence. To hesitate is to pause before action (lesser degree); to procrastinate is to postpone action (greater degree). Example SHOUT: WHISPER :: RUN : ______:_______
(a) Stay (b) Stand (c) Walk (d) Hop
Answer (c) 'Degree of intensity'. To whisper is oflesser intense than shouting, so is walking to running.
Exercise
1.ZEPHYR: GALE ::_____:_____
(a) Imprint: emboss (b) Gust: gusset (d) Decay: rot (c) Trickle: torrent (e) Contribute: bequest
2.SELDOM: RARELY::(a) Frequent: infrequently (b) Often: usually (c) Collectively: selectively (d) Tantamount: equivalent(e) Basic: fundamental
3.IRRITATED: EXASPERATED ::(a) Stolid: sordid (b) Pubescent: mature (c) Abounding: glutted (d) Overdue: redundant (e) Contemptous: contemptible
4.CHOP: MINCE :: _____:_____ (a) Fry: bake (b) Meat: cake (c) Axe: mallet (d) Stir: beat (e) Vegetables: soup
Answers 1. (c), 2. (b), 3. (c), 4. (d)
Explanation
1.Zephyr is a milder wind than gale. Trickle is a smaller flow of liquid than torrent.
2.Seldom means not very often. Rarely is more extreme than seldom. Often means quite frequent but usually is more extreme in meaning, i.e. most of the time.
3.A person irritated very greatly would be exasperated. A market abounding with wheat would have plenty of wheat, but not as much as a market glutted with wheat.
4.Mince is to cut finer than to chop. To beat is more extreme than to stir.
Classification relationship
Classification of words can be biological, chemical, physical or on any other basis. The first term in the question pair is related to the second term based on their classifications. For instance, Table and Chair can be put under the class of Furniture.
Example COW: MAMMAL ::____:_____
(a) Buffalo: cattle (c) Sheep: wool (e) Snake: reptile (b) Beef: mutton (d) Deer: venison
Answer (e) A cow is classified as a mammal and a snake as reptile.
Exercise
1.TOADS: AMPHIBIAN::____:_____
(a) Frogs: salamanders (b) Larvae: caecillans (c) Caterpillars: butterfly (d) Lobsters: crustaceans (e) Fishes: urodeles
2.DRUPES: RASPBERRIES ::_____:_____(a) Peaches: cherries (b) Blackberries: peaches (c) Halophyte: sea lavender (d) Walnuts: peanuts (e) Olive: plum
3.Legume : Beans ::_____:_____
(a) Cloves: chilli (b) Carrot: oyster (c) Osprey: ostrich (d) Fishes: starfish (e) Shrubs: leaves
4.BUFFALO: MILCH-CATTLE::_____:_____
(a) Cow: goat (b) Man: mammal (c) Bull: cow (d) Vertebrate: reptiles (e) Metallic: mercury
Answers 1. (d), 2. (c), 3. (d), 4. (b)
Classification here pertains to botanical and zoological classification of Plant and Animal kingdoms.
Functional relationship
Example JUDGE: HEARINGS ::________:_______
(a) Jury: court (b) Lawyer: evidence (c) Jurisprudence: advocate (d) Senator: legislations (e) Tribunal: reconciliation
Answer (d) As a Judge participates in court hearings, similarly Senator legislates.
Exercise
1.BALLAST: STABILITY ::______:_____
(a) Spring: resiliency (b) Flotation: airless (c) Armour: obduracy (d) Fuel: thermals (e) Spinnaker: seaworthiness
2.EQUIVOCATION: MISLEADS ::______:______
(a) Misdirection: intrigues (b) Rebuttal: confuses (c) Elucidation: clarifies (d) Interrogation: answers (e) Extrapolation: reverses
3.DOCTOR: DISEASE ::______:______
( a) Miser: money (b) Illness: prescription ( c) Sheriff: crime (d) Theft: punishment ( e) Intern: hospital
4.TONGS: HOLD ::______:_____
(a) Surgeon: scalp (b) Carpenter: hand-saw (c) Scissors: cut (d) Pen: note-book (e) Eraser: pencil
Answers 1. (a), 2. (c), 3. (c), 4. (c)
Explanation
1.Ballast is heavy material which gives stability to a ship. Springs provide resiliency to a car. 2.Equivocation means use of ambiguous expressions which mislead. Similarly elucidation is throwing light upon something, which clarifies the subject. 3.A doctor's function is to eliminate disease. Similarly a Sheriff seeks to eliminate cnme. 4.Tongs are used to hold something and a pair of scissors is used to cut.
Sex relationship
Example DOG: BITCH ::______:______
(a) Woman: lady (b) Boy: girl (c) Stallion: horse (d) Buffalo: cow (e) Duck: drake Answer (b) Female and Male relationship. The order is important.
Exercise
1.STALLION: MARE::______:_______
(a) Goose: rat (b) Fish: prawn (c) Crow: hen (d) Reptile: snake (e) Emperor: empress
2.STAG: DEER ::_______:_______
(a) Otter: ostrich (b) Ox: bull (c) Mare: horse (d) Duck: duckling (e) Bull: cow
3.SPINSTER: BACHELOR ::_____:______
(a) Kingfisher: hedgehog (b) Rooster: chicken (c) Fox: vixen (d) Human: child (e) Cow: bull
4.BRIDE: BRIDEGROOM ::______:_____
(a)Lion:Cub (b) Calf:herd
(c) Husband: wife (d) Swan: cygnet (e) Mare: stallion Answer 1. (e), 2. (e), 3. (e), 4. (e) Sequential relationship
Example EIGHT: NINE ::________:_____
(a) Ten: nine (b) Six: twelve (c) [23: 32]check (d) Four: 2 (e) Eight: eighty
Answer (c) Eight is followed by Nine in the same way that [23]check, which is eight, is followed by [32]check, which is nine.
Example Which one of the following satisfies the relationship Dda : aDD :: RIb : ____:_____?
(a) DDA (c) bRR (b) RRR (d) BBr
Answer (c) The last alphabet of first word becomes the first alphabet of second word and also, rest of the alphabets of first words become 'capital' alphabets. So, Dda ~ aDD and Rrb ~ bRR.
Exercise 1.20: 21 ::_____:____?
(a) A: C (b) 10:9 (c) M: N (d) 20:40 (e) 5: 10
2.DAWN: TWILIGHT::_____:_____?
(a) Night: day (b) Nine : ninety (c) Prologue: epilogue (d) Day : evening (e) Ten: twenty
3.SUMMER: WINTER ::_____:_____?
(a) Monday: saturday (b) Monday : tuesday (c) Sunday: holiday (d) Spring: summer (e) Conclusion: Inception
4.INCEPTION: CONCLUSION :: _ (a) Death: birth (b) Day: night (c) Afternoon: morning (d) Summer: monsoon (e) January: march
Answers 1. (c), 2. (c), 3. (b), 4. (b)
Explanations (c) As 21 follows 20, N follows M. (c) Davin represents beginning of day and twilight represents end of day. Similarly, a prologue comes at the beginning of the book and epilogue at the end of a book. (b) As summer precedes winter, Monday precedes Tuesday. (b) 'Conclusion' follows . Inception', in the same manner as 'night' follows' day' .
Age relationship
Example LION: CUB ::_____:______
(a) Rooster: chicken (b) Fox: vixen (c) Daisey. rose (d) Human: child (e) Horse: mule
Answer (d) Cub is a young lion, a child is a young human.
Exercise
1.HARE: LEVERET ::____:_____?
(a) Gander: goose (b) Radiolaria: larvae (c) Proboscidea: elephants (d) Horse: stallion (e) Cow: calf
2.DUCK: DUCKLING ::____:_____?
(a) Child: man (b) Girl: woman (c) Frog: tadpole (d) Deer: gang (e) Giraffe: zebra
3.CATERPILLAR : BUTTERFLY::_______:________ ?
(a) Fish: brace (b) Cock: hen (c) Callow: maturity (d) Swan: cygnet (e) Child: baby
4.CYGNET: SWAN :: _ (a) Monotremata: dynasties (b) Frog: toad (c) Shrub: flower (d) Rat: goose (e) Cub: lion Answer 1. (e), 2. (c), 3. (c), 4. (e)
Association relationship
Example CAT: FELINE :: (a) Horse: equine (b) Tiger: carnivorous (c) Bird: vulpine (d) Chair: furniture (e) Sit: recline
Answer (a) Feline means relating to cats, equine means relating to horse .
Exercise
1.DEVIL: WRONG ::_____:______?
(a) Colour: sidewalk (b) Slipper: state (c) Ink: writing (d) Picture: bed (e) Repose: synergist
2.ALCHEMIST: GOLD ::______:______?
(a) Druggist: chemistry (b) Computer: COBOL (c) Abrasion: oil (d) Insignia: segregation (e) Flexible: rigid
3.TIME: CLOCK ::_____:______?
(a) Hair spring: wrist watch (b) Date: calendar (c) Sincerity: disloyal (d) Sharp: blunt (e) Nip: crush
4.ASSISTANT: FILES::_____:______?
(a) Fever: temperature (b) Constitution: code (c) Revival: time (d) Farmer: tractor (e) Sewing Machine: Singer
5.SCHOOL:______ :: HOSPITAL: PATIENTS
(a) Teachers (b) Class rooms (c) Students (d) Building
6.SAW: CARPEN1ER:: PEN:______?
(a) Ink (b) Nib (c) Writer (d) None of these
Answers 1. (c), 2. (b), 3. (b), 4. (d), 5. (c) 'students' are admitted into 'schools' to get 'education' just as 'patients' are admitted into 'hospitals' to get 'treatment', 6. (c) 'saw' is used by 'carpenter' just as 'pen' is used by 'writers'.
Explanations (c) 'Ink' is associated with 'writing', as the 'devil' is with 'wrong'. (b) 'Alchemist' is associated with 'gold', as the 'computer' is with 'COBOL'. (b) As 'clock' shows 'time', 'calendar' shows 'dates'. (d) 'Assistant' has the same association with 'files', as 'farmer' has with 'tractor' .
Characterization relationship
The first term characterizes or is characterized by the second term. The first term may be a person, place or thing. Characterization can be proper or opposite."
Example HOST: HOSPITABLE ::_______:________
(a) Artist: imitative (b) Guest: rude (c) Humanitarian: altruistic (d) Idealist: cynical (e) Pollyanna: pessimistic
Answer (c) As a host is supposed to be hospitable, in the same way, a humanitarian is expected to be altruistic.
Exercise 1.DIPLOMAT: TACTLESS ::_____:______?
(a) Starveling: weak (b) Boor: offensive (c) Charlatan: guileful (d) Coward: intrepid (e) Acrobat: agile 2.INDOLENCE: BEAVER ::_____:_____?
(a) Joviality: hyena (b) Passivity: cow (c) Ferocity: lamb (d) Elegance: peacock (e) Wisdom: owl 3.VINDICTIVENESS: FELLOWSHIP :: ____:____?
(a) . Venality: probity (b) Equanimity: stability (c) Rancour: surliness (d) Fortitude: patience (e) Pollution: wastes
4.NEUTRALITY: PARTICIPANT::_____:______?
(a) Passivity: activist (b) Gender: sexuality (c) Repose: synergist (d) Complicity: culprit ( e) Entropy: philanthropy
Answers 1. (d), 2. (c), 3. (a), 4. (a)
Explanation
1.An example of opposite characterization. No one would expect a diplomat to be tactless. Similarly, a coward cannot be expected to be intrepid.
2.Indolence is the opposite characterization of that usually symbolized by the beaver. Similarly ferocity is the opposite characteristic of that usually symbolised by lamb.
3.Vindictiveness is not a characteristic of fellowship and Venality is not a characteristic of probity.
4.Neutrality does not characterize someone who is a participant in discussion or fight, etc. Passivity does not characterize someone who is an activist in dealing with social values.
Symbolic relationship
Example MACE: MAJESTY:: _______:________?
(a) King: crown (b) Sword: soldier (c) Degree: knowledge (d) Book: knowledge (e) House: security
Answer (c) A mace is a symbol of majesty, it signifies authority. A degree also signifies that a person has graduated. It signifies that someone possess knowledge.
Exercise
1.GREEN: CLEAR :: (a) Blue: black (b) Red: roses (c) Red-cross: hospital (d) Cross: church (e) Altar: worship
2.CROWN: MONARCHY:: (a) Flag: army (b) Tricolour: freedom (c) Insignia: quality (d) Trade Mark: hallmark (e) Swastika: fortune
3.STARS: RANK ::(a) Stars: fortune (b) Sky: milkyway (c) Silver lining : rainbow (d) Red: danger (e) Clear: green
4.BLACK: SORROW:: (a) Black: funeral (b) Red: blood (c) Victoria Cross: bravery (d) Christianity: cross (e) Crusade: religion
Answers 1. (c), 2. (e), 3. (d), 4. (c)
Explanation
1.Green light/flag signifies road/traffic clear sign. The Redcross symbolises a hospital.
2.Crown signifies authority of the Monarch and Swastika sign symbolises fortune and luck. 3.Stars in the Army signify rank and Red signifies danger.
4.Black colour symbolises sorrow and Victoria Cross is token of bravery. In (d) relationship is correct but sequence is not matching the question pair
Raw material and finished product relationship
Example ORANGE: MARMALADE :: _____:_____?
(a) Potato: vegetable (b) Jelly: jam (c) Insignia: quality (d) Tomato: ketchup (e) Sandwich: ham
Answer (d) Marmalade is a product made from oranges as ketchup is made from tomatoes.
Exercise
1.HAM: PORK ::_____:____?
(a) Pickle: sardine (b) Jelly: sandwich(c) Ingredients: curry (d) Chocolate: coffee (e) Wine: grapes
2.NOODLES: FLOUR ::____:_____?
(a) Snacks: breakfast (b) Tomato: gravy (c) Beans: coffee (d) Vegetables: pickles (e) Thread : cotton
3.COCOA: CHOCOLATE:: (a) Coconut: tonned milk (b) Butter: milk (c) Sardine: fish (d) Crunchy: crackers (e) Wax: candles
4.JELLY: GELATINE :: _ (a) Cake: fruits (b) Palm: pickle (c) Fruit: ice-cream (d) Butter: sandwich (e) Iodex: iodine
5.SHOE : LEATHER :: HIGHWAY: (a) Passage (b) Road (c) Asphalt (d) Trail
Answers 1 (e), 2. (e), 3. (e), 4. (e), 5. (c)
Explanations 1. (e) Ham is preserved pig meat; pork is fresh pig meat; wine is made by processing and preserving grapes.
2.(e) Noodles are made from flour; thread is made from cotton.
3.(e) Cocoa is used to make chocolate; wax is used to make candles.
4.(e) Jelly is made of Gelatine; Iodex is made ofIodine.
5.(c) As shoe is made of leather; a highway is made of asphalt.
Place relationship
Example ITALY: MILAN :: _____:____?
(a) Paris: Moscow (b) Moscow: Russia (c) Spain: Madrid (d) Manhattan: New York (e) Norway: Sweden
Answer (c) Milan is in Italy as Madrid is in Spain.
Exercise
1.RED FORT: DELHI :: ____:____?
(a) Chicago: USA (b) Albany: New York (c) Agra: Taj Mahal (d) Chandigarh: Rock Garden (e) Delhi: Jama Masjid
2.PUNJAB: AMRITSAR :: ____:_____?
(a) Golden Temple: Arnritsar (b) Moscow: Russia (c) India: Asia (d) Agra: Taj Mahal (e) Sydney: Australia
3.MIAMI: FLORIDA :: _____:_____?
(a) Albany: New York (b) Chicago: Albany(c) South America : Sydney (d) Chicago: USA (e) Film Studio: Pune
4.ROCK GARDEN: CHANDIGARH ::_____:____?
(a) Delhi: JNU (b) New Delhi: AIIMS (c) Chandigarh: PGI (d) Film Studio: Pune (e) Delhi: Kutab Minar
Answers 1. (b), 2. (d), 3. (a), 4. (d)
Explanation
1.Red Fort is in Delhi, Albany is in New York.
2.Amritsar is in Punjab, Taj Mahal is in Agra.
3.Miami is in Florida, Albany is in New York. 4.Rock Garden is in Chandigarh, Film Studio is in Pune.
Now that you have covered the various types of common word analogies, attempt the following test and write down your answers. Compare them with the answers given after the test. Study the explanation given with each answer. Even if you got the answer correct, a study of the explanation will bring out the correct way of arriving at the answer.

Awards & Winners

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NATIONAL
National Bar Awards:
Law Commission Chairman Justice A.R. Lakshmanan presented the National Bar Awards in New Delhi on October 6, 2008. The awardees included Mr. J. Venkatesan, Legal Corresondent, The Hindu; Mr. Anmol Rattan Sidhu, Senior advocate; Kochhar and Company, legal consultants through Mr. Rohit Kochhar Mr. Sanjay Jain senior advocate; Mr. Dasshanand Gour, Joint General Secretary, Bar Association of India; Mr. C.B. Vdrma Mr. Venjaterh Rao and Mr. Manoj Goel, the Stprele Cnurt advocates; Mr. Alok Krishna Agarwal , Editor-in-Chief ,Lawz Magazine ; Mr. Kumar Rajesh, Editor Consultant , Live India TV; Mr. A. Subramani, Assistant Editor, The Times of India (Chennai) ; Mr. Sumit Nagpal, Special Correspondent , News X TV; Mr. Vivek Varshney, Principal Correspondent , Nav Bhart Times; and Mr. Satya Prakash Legal Editor, Hindustan Times.
Rajiv Gandhi Wildlife Conservation Award (2006): The 2008 Ramon Magsaysay Award winner for Community Leadership Dr. Prakash Baba Amte, who manages an animal orphanage at Gadchiroli in Maharashtra was conferred the Rajiv Gandhi Wildlife Conservation Award for 2006 on October 6, 2008. The award is in recognition of Dr. Amte’s work towards raising awareness about the importance of wildlife among tribals in Maharashtra’s Gadchiroli district.
Lal Bahadur Shastri National Award for Excellence in Public Administration , Academics and Management (2008) : Hon’ble President Ms. Pratibha Patil presented the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Award for Excellence in Public Administration , Academics and Management for 2008 to Mr. E. Sreedharan , Managing Director of Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) in Delhi on October 1, 2008. Mr. Sreedharan won the award in recognition of his pioneering work in the field of engineering and public transport .
SIB Excellence Awards for Lifetime Achievement : Varghese Kurien, Adoor Gopalakrishnan, K.J Yesudas, Yusuff Ali and K.M Cherian , were awarded the South Indian Bank (SIB) Excellence Award for Lifetime Achievement on September 29, 2008. Each award carries a memento and a prize of Rs. 1 lakh.
ET Awards for Corporate Excellence : The 10th Economic Times Awards for Corporate Excellence were presented on September 28, 2008 to the following:
Business Leader of the Year : A.M. Naik
Company of the Year : Tata Steel
Business Woman of the Year : Shikha Sharma
Emerging Company of the Year : Welspun Guj .Stahl Rohren
Policy Change Agent of the Year : E. Sreedharan
Business Reformer of the Year: K`mal Nath
Entreprendur nf the Ydar : Dilip Rhanghvi
Global Indian : Arun Sarin
Corporate Citizen: Dr. Reddy’s Foundation
Lifetime Achievement : Ashok Ganguly
Neerja Bhanot Pan Am Award(2008): Haryana Governor Dr. A.K. Kidwai presented the Neerja Bhanot Pan Am Award for 2008 to the 51 year –old Ms. Chanda Asani in Chandigarh of October 5, 2008. Ms. Chanda was conferred the award for her tremendous courage, compassion and audacity.
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize of Science and Technology (2008): The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) on September 26, 2008 , announced the winners of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology for 2008. The award winners include:
Biological Science: Mr. GPS Raghava, Institute of Microbial Technology ,Chandigarh , and Mr. L.S. Shashidara, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology.
Chemical Science: Mr. Pradeep Thalappil, Indian Institute of Technology , Chennai and Mr. Jarugu Narasimha Moorthy, IIT , Kanpur.
Earth, Atmosphere , Ocean and Planetary Science: Mr. P.N. Vinayachandran , Indian Institute of Science , Bengaluru
Engineering Science : Mr. Ranjan Kumar Mallik, IIT Delhi
Mathematical Science: Mr. Jaikumar Radhakrishnan , Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , Mumbai.
Medical Science: Mr. Ravinder Goswami, All India Institute of Medical Science , Delhi.
Physical Science: Mr. Raghunathan Srianand , Inter- University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune and Mr. Srikanth Sastry, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Bengaluru.
The award carries a citation a plaque and a prize of Rs. 5 lakh.
National Amity Award (2008) ; Renowned journalist and author Sardar Khushwant Singh was conferred the National Amity Award for 2008 by the Lpk Sabha Speaker, Mr. Somnath Chatterjee, in New Delhi on September 27, 2008.
CSIR Award for Science and Technology Innovations for Rural Development (2008): Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow and the Central Salt and marine Chemicals Research Institute (BSMCRI) , Bh`vnafar, werd on Septembdr 26, 2008. awarded the CSIR Award for Science and Technology Innovations for Rural Development for 2008. CIMAP won the award for development variety of agro-technologies for cultivation of medical and aromatic plants and helping farmers to use them to earn extra income CSMCRI got the award for developing a series of processes for removing ionic and other impurities in salt produced by marginal salt manufactures in different parts of the country and thus improve their lives . Instituted in 2006. the award carries a citation , a plaque and a prize of Rs. 10 lakh.
Diamond States Award : Former President Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam presented the Diamond State Award to Punjab on September 23, 2008 .The award was received by Punjab’s Water Supply and Sanitation Minister Mr. Bikram Singh Majithia . Punjab got the award in recognition of human and social development and evaluation of the standards of governance in the State.
Business Superbrand Award (2008) : National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC), was awarded the Business Superbrand Award for 2008 on September 14, 2008. The award has been instituted by the Superbrands Council of India.
11th Appan Menon Memorial Award (2008-09) : Delhi Union of Journalists (DUJ) was awarded the 11th Appan Menon Memorial Award for 2008-09 on September 17, 2008 for furthering the aims of its Delhi Media Centre for Research and Publications, besides continuing work of preparing publications, and conducting activities like film shows, exhibitions and public lectures by eminent persons.
All India House Journal Award Scheme: Hon’ble President Ms. Pratibha Patil presented the All India House Journal Award Scheme to SAIL magazine Ispat Bhasha Bharti in New Delhi on September 15, 2008.
Dr. S. Ramanujam Award for Outstanding Research Work on Potato (2004-07):
Dr. S. V. Singh , Dr. S.K.Pandey, Dr. Dinesh Kumar ,Dr. R.S. Marwaha, Dr. Parveen Kumar and Dr. B.P. Singh , were awarded the Dr. S. Ramanujam Award for Outstanding Research Work on Potato for 2004-07 on September 03, 2008. Thdy wdre honotred for devdlophng hmproved varieties and technologies for uninterrupted supply of potatoes throughout the year to the processing industries.
INTERNATIONAL
International Palladium Balanced Scorecard Hall of Fame Award (2008):
Power distribution company, North Delhi Power Limited (NDPL) was awarede the International Palladium Balanced Scorecard Hall of Fame Award for 2008 on October 6, 2008. This is the second international recognition for NDPL after the recent Edison Award.
Golden Peacock Award for Excellence in corporate Governance (2008): Former Prime Minister of Sweden and Chairman , World Council for Corporate Governance Mr. Ola Ulsten, presented the Golden Peacock Award for Excellence in Corporate Governance for 2008. to Mr. A.K. Rastogi, Company Secretary of the NTPC, in London on October 2, 2008.
Most Excellent Order of the British Empire: Queen Elizabeth II presented the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire to renowned Punjabi singer Mr. Malkit Singh at the Buckingham palace, London on September 28, 2008. It is a rare honour that defined Mr. Singh’s stature as a singer.
NRI Institute Excellence Awards (2008): Noted Punjabi pop singer Mr. Malkit Singh, Lord Mayor Ms. Manjula sood of Leicester, the first Asian female Mayor in the UK and Mr. R. Seetharaman , were honoured with the NRI Instituted Excellence Award for 2008 on September 28, 2008 .
Right to Livelihood Awards (2008): An activist- couple from Tamil Nadu Mr. Sankaralingam Jagannathan and Ms. Krishnammal, an American journalist and founder and host of the syndicated radio and television programme Democracy Now! Ms. Amy Goodman, Swiss- born doctor Ms. Monika Hauser, and Chairperson of Save Somali Women and Children, Ms, Asha Hagi were awarded the Right to Livelihood Awards for 2008 on October 1, 2008. The award is known as Alternative Noble Prize.
Humanitarian Award (2008) : Former Cuban President Mr. Fidel Cartro was awarded the Humanitarian Award for 2008 on September 24, 2008. He was given this covetdd avard by South Africa in recofnithon nf hhs rnle hn the Ctban revolution and world- wide contribution to the struggle for an alternative , just and humane society. Mr. Castro is the first non- African and the third ex-head of a State to win this award.
Knighthood of the Order of Leopold: The 110-year – old Mr. Harry Patch was awarded the Knighthood of the Order of Leopold by the Belgian Government on September 23, 2008. He is the last know surviving British soldier of the three-million who served on the western front during the First World War. The award was conferred on Mr. Patch for his remarkable wartime services.
Tatler spa Awards: Royal Spa was awarded the Tatler spa Award in London on September 20, 2008 . Kaya Kalp was given the Best City Spa Award , under the category of City Slickers.
Japanese Award for Zubin Mehta: Indian conductor Mr. Zubin Mehta was awarded Japan’s Praenium Imperiale , one of art’s richest awards on September 16, 2008 . MR. Mehta was honoured for his lifelong work with orchestras around the world.
Forbes Lifetime Achievement Award: India- born steel tycoon Mr. Lakshmi Niwas Mittal was conferred the third Forbes Lifetime Achievement Award on September 8, 2008. Instituted by the American business magazine Forbes, the award honours heroes of entrepreneurial capitalism and those who embody and exemplify the ideals of free enterprise.

Indian Polity and Constitution of India Objective Question For Bank Exam

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1.Which of the following statements regarding the Constituent Assembly are true?
It was not based on adult franchise.
It resulted from direct elections .
It was a multi-party body.
It worked through several committees.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
(A) 1 and 2 (B) 2 and 3
(C) 1 and 4 (D) 1,2,3 and 4
(E) 1 and 3
2.Which one of the following determines that the Indian Constitution is federal?
(A) A written and rigid Constitution
(B) An independent Judiciary
(C) Vesting of residuary powers with the Centre
(D) Distribution of power between the Centre and the States
(E) None of these
3.The parliamentary systems of India and of Britain differ on the account of :
(A) Bicameral legislature
(B)System of collective responsibility
(C) The system of judicial review
(D) The Prime Minister is separately elected by people
(F) None of these
4.Which of the following are matters on which a constitutional amendment is possible only with the ratification of the legislatures of not less than one-half of the States?
(A) Election of the President
(B) Representation of States in Parliament
(C) Any of the Lists in the 7th Schedule
(D) Abolition of the Legislative Council of a State
Choose the correct answer from the codes given below:
(A) 1,2 and 3 (B) 1,2 and 4
(C) 1,3 and 4 (D) 2,3 and 4
(E) 2 and 4
Which one of the following is not explicitly stated in the Constitution of India but followed as a Convention?
(A) The Finance Minister is to be a member of the Lower House
(B) The Prime Minister has to resign if he loses majority in the Lower House
(C) All the parts of India are to be represented in the Council of Ministers
(D) It the event of both the President and the Vice President demitting office simultaneously before the end of their tenure, the Speaker of the Lower House of Parliament will officiate as the President
(E) None of these
According to the Constitution of India, the term ‘district judge’ shall not include:
(A) Chief Presidency Magistrate
(B) Sessions Judge
(C) Tribunal Judge
(D) Chief Judge of small court
(E) None of these
7. Who was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee that drafted the Constitution?
(A) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
(B) Jawaharlal Nehru
(C)Dr.RajendraPrasad(D) Dr .S. Radhakrishanan
(E) None of these
8. The Constitution of India was passed by the Constituent Assembly on ;
(A) 17th October , 1949
(B) 14th November, 1949
(C) 26th November , 1949
(D) 26th January, 1950
(E) None of these
9. Who was the President of the Constituent Assembly of India?
(A) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
(B) G. V. Mavalanjar
(C) Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
(D) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
(E) None of these
10. What is contained in the Eleventh Schedule of the Constitution?
(A) Forms of oath or affirmation
(B) provisions regarding disqualification on grounds of defection
(C) Items on which Panchayats shall have powers and authority to function as institutions of self-government
(D) Items on which Municipalities shall have powers and authority of function as institutions of self-government
(E) None of these
11. The Constitution of India can be best described as:
(A) Purely federal (B) Purely unitary
(C) Partly federal and partly unitary
(D) All of the above is correct
(E) None of these
12. Which of the following fundamental Rights is also available to a foreigner on the soil of India?
(A) Equality of opportunity in the matter of public employment
(B) Freedom of movement, residence and profession
(C) Protection from discrimination on grounds only of religion, race, caste or sex
(D) Protection of life and personal liberty against action without authority of law
(E) None of these
13. The Constitution empowers the President to nominate upto two members to the Lok Sabha from among the:
(A) Anglo- Indians
(B) Buddhists
(C) Indian Christians
(D) Parsees
(E) None of these
14. Which of the following emergencies had been declared the maximum number of times in India?
(A) Emergency under Article 352 due to external aggression
(B) Emergency under Article 352 due to internal disturbances
(C) Financial emergency under Article 360
(D) Emergency under Article 356 due to breakdown of constitutional machinery in a State
(E) None of these
15. India is considered a ‘Republic’ mainly because:
(A) The Head of the State is elected
(B) It gained Independence on Aug. 15,1947
(C) It has its own written Constitution
(D) It is having a parliamentary form of government
(E) None of these
16. One feature is common to the following bodies-Find it out. Supreme Court , Election Commission , UPSC, Office of CAG:
(A) They are advisory bodies
(B) They are extra – constitutional bodies
(C) They are controlled by legislature
(D) They are constitutional bodies
(E) None of these
17. How many members of the State Legislative Council are elected by the Assembly?
(A) 1/6th of the members
(B) 1/3rd of the members
(C) 1/12th of the members
(D) 5/6th of the members
(E) None of these
18. Which one of the following statements about Panchayati Raj is correct?
(A) Balwant Rai Mehta Committee Report recommended a two-tier set –up
(B) Election to Panchayati Raj institution was made compulsory under the Fundamental Rights of the Constitution of India
(C) “Empowering people for prosperity” is the guiding principle of the Seventry-third Constitution Amendment
(D) The main difficulty faced by Panchayati Raj institutions is the inadequate participation by women and weaker sections
(E) None of these
19. In the case of a conflict between the Centre and a State in respect of a subject included in the Concurrent List in the Constitution India:
(A) The law of the State prevails
(B) The law of the Centre prevails
(C) The matter is resolved by the Supreme Court of India
(D) The law which had been passed first would prevail
(E) None of these
20. Which of the following statements are correct regarding the Planning Commission in India?
1. It is an advisory body
2. It is statutory body
3. The Prime Minister is its ex-officio Chairman
4. It makes plans for the Union as well as the States
Choose the answer from the codes given below:
(A) 1,3 and 4 (B) 2,3 and 4
(C) 1 and 3 (D) 2 and 4
(E) None of these
21. Which one of the following bills can be introduced in the Parliament only after the consent of the President /
(A) The Constitution Amendment Bill
(B) The Finance Bill
(C) The Bill for the creation of a new State
(D) The Bill providing for the creation of a new All India service
(E) None of these
22. How many Union Territories are there in India?
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 7 (D) 6
(E) None of these
23 .What is the age at which an Indian can become a candidate for Preshdentship ?
(A) 45 (B) 65 (C) 60 (D) 25
(D) None of these
24. A Presidential proclamation can remain in force for:
(A) Three months (B) Two months
(C) One year
(D) Till the President revokes it
(E) None of these
25. The reservation for SC and ST in Parliament and State Legislatures is extended for 10 years through Constitution’s :
(A) 84th Amendment
(B) 23rd Amendment
(C) 82 Amendment
(D) All of the above
(E) None of these
26 .According to the newly adopted Constitution of Russia, the Prime Minister is appointed by:
(A) The State Duma, the Lower Chamber of the Federal Assembly
(B) The President , with the consent of the State Duma
(C) The President with the consent of the Federal Council
(D) The Federal Council
(E) None of these
27. Freedom of the Press in India:
(A) is specifically provided in Article 19(1) of the Constitution
(B) is implied in the wider freedom of expression guaranteed by Article 19(1) (a) of the Constitution
(C) is guaranteed under the provisions of Article 361A of the Constitution
(D) emanates from the operation of the Rule of Law in country
(E) None of these
28. In which respect have the Centre-State relations been specifically termed as ‘municipal relations’?
(A) Centre’s control of the State in the legislative sphere
(B) Centre’s control of the State in financial matters
(C) Centre’s control of the State in the administrative sector
(D) Centre’s control of the State in the planning process
(E) None of these
29. Which of the following features does not belong to a federal government?
(A) The government has two distinct levels, State government and Central or Union government
(B) State government are agents of the Central government
(C) Both Central government and State governments have coordinate status
(E) None of these
30. Article 243 of the Constitution of India, inserted by a constitutional amendment, deals with which of the following ?
(A) Extending the benefits of reservation on the basis of Mandal Commission’s recommendations
(B) Land Reforms
(C) To include Konkani ,Manipuri and Nepal in the list of official languages
(D) Panchayati Raj System
(E) None of these
31. The Estimates Committee of Parliament;
(A) Examines the statements of accounts of the government
(B) Considers the report of the Comptroller and Auditor – General of India
(C) Examines if the money is well laid out within policy limits
(D) Examines the budget before its presentation to Lok Sabha
(E) None of these
32. The notice for moving the Motion for Adjournment of the business of the House is required to be given to :
(A) The Presiding Officer of the House
(B) The Secretary General of the House
(C) The Minister concerned
(D) All the above
(E) None of these
33. The Election Commission functions under:
(A) Ministry of law
(B) Prime Minister’s Secretariat
(C) Ministry of Home Affairs
(D) All of the above
(E) None of these
34. In a parliamentary form of government , the executive is responsible to the ;
(A) People
(B) President
(C) Legislature
(D) Judiciary
(E) None of these
35. Education was transferred to the Concurrent List from the State List by the:
(A) 40th Amendment Act
(B) 42nd Amendment Act
(C) 43rd Amendment Act
(D) 39th Amendment Act
(E) None of these
36. Indian Constitution provides for a:
(A) Presidential system
(B) Unicameral system
(C) Bicameral system
(D) Unitary system
(E) None of these
37. Presidential system of government is incompatible with the :
(A) Theory of Separation of power
(B) Executive Accountability to the Legislature
(C) Spoils System
(D) Spoils System
(E) None of these
38. Election symbols are allotted to various candidates for Parliamentary elections after scrttinx of nolination papdrs, by:
(A) Chidf Electhon Bommhssioner
(B) Chief Election Officer of the State
(C) Returning Officer of the Constituency
(D) Secretary to the Election Commissioner
(E) None of these
39. Which ideal of the Constitution of India is achieved by the implementation of the adult franchise in India?
(A) Social equality (B) Economic equality
(C) Political equality
(D) Equality before law
(E) None of these
40 . Article 254 of the Indian Constitution describes which of the following :
(A) The Parliament has the power to increase the number of judges
(B) The Union and State have concurrent power to legislate on any matter enumerated in List III
(C) In case of any conflict between Union laws and State laws, the Union laws shall prevail
(D) The Union has exclusive power to make laws on any matter not enumerated in the concurrent list or State list
(E) None of these
41. Who among the following can be removed from the office without impeachment ?
(A) President of India
(B) Chief Justice of India
(C) Governor of a State
(D) Chief Election Commissioner
(E) None of these
42. The original Constitution of India contained:
(A) 395 Articles and 12 Schedules
(B) over 400 Articles and 10 Schedules
(C) 459 Articles and 9 Schedules
(D) 391 Articles and 10 Schedules
(E) None of these
43. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the commencement of the election process in India?
(A) The recommendation for election is made by the government and the notification for election is issued by the Election Commission
(B) The recommendation for election is made by the Election Commission and the notification for election is issued by the Home Ministry at the Centre and Home Departments in the State
(C) The recommendation for election is made by the Election Commission and the notification for election is issued by the President and Governors of the State concerned
(D) Both the exercise of making a recommendation for election and issuing a notification in respect of it are done by the Election Commission
(E) None of these
44. Which one of the following cannot be called a function of the Constitution:
(A) It acts as a source of power and authority of the government
(B) It minimizes confusion and conflict between various organs of government
(C) It strengthens the hands of rulers to rule according to their discretion
(D) It lays down the limits of governmental authority
(E) None of these
45. Who among the following have the right to vote in the elections to both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha?
(A) Elected members of the Lower House of the Parliament
(B) Elected members of the Upper House of the Parliament
(C) Elected members of the Upper House of the State Legislature
(D) Elected members of the Lower House of the State Legislature
(E) None of these
46. Which one of the following is incorrect in respect of Local Government in India?
(A) According to the Indian Constitution local government not an independent tier in the federal system
(B) 30% of the seats in local bodies are reserved for women
(C) Local government finances are to be provided by a commission
(D) Elections to local bodies are to be determined by a Commission
(E) None of these
47. If the Prime Minister of India belonged to the Upper House of Parliament :
(A) He will not be able to vote in his favour in the event of a no confidence motion
(B) He will not be able to speak on the budget in the Lower House
(C) He can make statements only in the Upper House
(D) He has to become a member of the Lower House within Six month after being sworn in as the Prime Minister
(E) None of these
48. Proportional representation is not necessary in a country where:
(A) There are no reserved constituencies
(B) A two-party system has developed
(C) The first past –post system prevails
(D) There is a fusion of Presidential and Parliamentary forms of government
(E) None of these
49. To be appointed as Advocate- General of the State, the person should possess the qualifications necessary for appointment as:
(A) A Judge of the Supreme Court
(B) A judge of the High Court
(C) A State Governor
(D) Chief Minister of the State
(E) None of these
50. To gullotine the demands for grants in Lok Sabha means:
(A) Rejecting the demands
(B) To vote on the demands without discussion on them
(C) To approve the expenditure proposals
(D) To defer consideration of the expenditure
(E) None of these
51. The Emergency can be proclaimed by:
(A) The President
(B) Parliament
(C) The Prime Minister
(D) Low Minister
(E) None of these
52.The Election Commission is constituted:
(A) Every five years
(B) Every ten years
(C) Every six years
(D) It is a Permanent constitutional body
(E) None of these
53. The Preamble of which country emphasizes domestic tranquility?
(A) India (B) Russia
(C) U.S.A (D) France
(E) None of these
54. Sarkaria Commission did not deal with:
(A) Formation of States
(B) Article 356
(C) Anandpur Saheb Resolution
(D) Centre-State Relations
(E) None of these
55. The Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee is normally:
(A) The Prime Minister
(B) The Speaker
(C) Leader of the opposition party
(D) Finance Minister
(E) None of these
56. Which of the following will not constitute Consolidated Fund of India?
(A) All revenues received by the Government of India
(B) All loans raised by the Government of India
(C) Other Public Money
(D) All of the above
(E) None of these
57. What is Oligarchy?
(A) Govt. by a priestly
(B) Govt. by military people
(C) Govt. by a few people
(D) None of the above
(E) None of the these
58. The Preamble of our Constitution envisages:
(A) Theoratic state
(B) Sovereign, democratic , secular and socialistic republic
(C) Secular democracy
(D) Monarchy
(E) None of these
59. The maximum period the Rajya Sabha can retain a Money Bill is :
(A) One month (B) Six month
(C) Fourteen days (D) One week
(E) None of these
60. The write ‘Prohibition’ ensures:
(A) Issuing directions by a higher court to lower court
(B) That no person remains in jail without any cause
(C) Issuing direction by Supreme Court or High Courts to anybody to do some particular thing
(D) Stopping proceedings in a lower court on the ground of excess of jurisdiction
(E) None of these
61. Who among the following enjoys the rank of a Cabinet Minister in the Union Cabinet?
(A) Secretary to the Government of India
(B) Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission
(C) Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister
(D) Supreme Court Judge
(E) None of these
62. Parliament can legislate on matters listed in the State list:
(A) With the prior permission of the President
(B) Only after the Constitution is amended suitably
(C) At the request of two or more States
(D) None of these
63. In the Rajya Sabha the States have been provided:
(A) Equal representation
(B) Representation on the basis of population
(C) Representation on the basis of population and size
(D) Representation on the basis of size
(E) None of these
64. Article 33 of Constitution of India empowers Parliament to ….
(A) Dissolve State Legislatures
(B) Restrict or abrogate Fundamental Rights in their application to armed forces or other forces charged with the maintenance of public order
(C) Recall State Governors
(D) Issue directions to State Governments
(E) Nome of these
65. What is the duration of zero hour in the Lok Sabha ?
(A) 15 minute (B) Half an hour
(C) One hour (D) Not specified
(E) None of these
66. How is the change in government in modern State carried out?
(A) Through violence and bloodshed
(B) Through compromise and electoral adjustments among the competing forces
(C) Through elections and smooth transfer of power
(D) By bringing all aspects of life to a standstill
(E) None of these
67. The President of India must have completed the age of:
(A) 25 years (B) 35 years
(C) 30 years (D) 40years
(E) None of these
68. The Writ ‘certiorari’ ensures:
(A) Issuing directions by a higher court to lower court
(B) Issuing direction by Supreme Court or High Courts to inferior curt to remove a suit and adjudicate upon the validity of the proceedings
(C) That no person remains in jail without any cause
(D) Stopping proceedings in a lower court on the ground of excess of jurisdiction
(E) None of these
69. The maximum period emergency may be in force continuously in a State is:
(A) Six months (B) Three months
(C) Three years (D) 6 years
(E) None of these
70. In an election electioneering has to cease in a constituency:
(A) 2 days before the poll
(B) 48 hours before the commencement of polling
(C) 48 hours before the closing hour of polling
(D) 24 hours before the poll
(E) None of these
71. When was the constitution of India first amended after adoption?
(A) 1954 (B) 1959
(C) 1950 (D) 1951
(E) None of these
72. The Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces is:
(A) Field Marshall
(B) Chief of the Army Staff
(C) The President
(D) The Prime Minister
(E) None of these
73. Who enjoys the legislative powers?
(A) The President
(B) The Prime Minister
(C) Council of Ministers
(D) Parliament
(E) None of these
74. The amendment regarding the procedure of the election of the President must be passed by:
(A) Both the Houses
(B) Only Lok Sabha
(C) Only Rajya Sabha
(D) Both the House and by not less than half of the State Legislatures
(E) None of these
75. The Constitution of India was amended for the first time in :
(A) January 1951 (B) June, 1951
(C) June, 1952 (D) July, 1952
(E) None of these
76. The Salaries of the Judges of the Supreme Court are charged on the Consolidated Fund of India because:
(A) They may get salaries regularly every month
(B) Their salaries may by free from legislative vote
(C) There may not be any cut in their salaries
(D) Their financial position may be secured to enable them to dispense impartial justice
(E) None of these
77. Which of the following will not make a Bill, a money Bill?
(A) The imposition, abolition ,alteration or regulation of any tax
(B) The imposition of fines, or other pecuniary penalties
(C) The appropriation of money of the Consolidated Fund of India
(D) Salaries of President , MPs
(E) None of these
78. What is ergotocracy?
(A) Govt. run by workers
(B) Govt. run by old people
(C) Govt. run by rich people
(D) None of the above
(E) None of these
79 .When the office of the President falls vacant , the Vice- President automatically become the President in :
(A) India (B) Russia
(C) U.K (D) U.S.A
(E) None of these
80. The Rajya Sabha member must have completed the age of :
(A) 21 years (B) 25 years
(C) 30 years (D) 35 years
(E) None of these
81. According to the Preamble , our Constitution envisages:
(A) Social Justice only
(B) Economic Justice only
(C) Political Justice only
(D) All of the above
(E) None of these
82. The Fundamental Rights under the Indian Constitution can be suspended during :
(A) General election
(B) National emergency
(C) All types of emergencies
(D) In all the above situations
(E) None of these
83. The States Reorganisation Commission was appointed in :
(A) 1952 (B) 1953
(C) 1954 (D) 1951
(E) None of these
84. The most powerful agency for the formation of public opinion is:
(A) Elections (B) Public meetings
(C) The press (D) Political parties
(E) None of these
85. Which one of the following is the exclusive power of the Council of States?
(A) To introduce a Money Bill
(B) To accept or reject a Money Bill
(C) To decide whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not
(D) To declare that in the national interest , Parliament should make laws in respect to any matter that is included in the State Legislative List
(E) None of these
86. The amendment regarding the formation of a New State by separating territory from any other State must be passed by :
(A) Both House of Parliament
(B) Only Lok Sabha
(C) Only Rajya Sabha
(D) Both the Houses and before that the opinion of that State is to be ascertained by the President
(E) None of these
87. Who decides whether a bill is a ‘Money Bill’?
(A) The Speaker of Lok Sabha
(B) The President of India
(C) The Prime Minister
(D) Parliamentary Select Committee
(E) None of these
88. National flag of India was presented on behalf of :
(A) Indian National Congress
(B) The people of India
(C) The women of India
(D) All of the above
(E) None of these
89. Which of the following will not be the condition under which the President can declare Emergency?
(A) When there is a war
(B) When there is external aggression
(C) When no party has got absolute majority to form ministry at the Centre
(D) When there is internal disturbance
(E) None of these
90. Which one of the following constitutional amendments gives constitutional status to the Panchayat Raj institution?
(A) 72nd (B) 73rd
(C) 74th (D) 75th
(E) None of these
91. What is demagogy?
(A) Govt. run by oratorians
(B) Govt. run by teachers
(C) Govt. run by old people
(D) None of the above
(E) None of these
92. Under which one of the following Articles , the Supreme Court has been given the powers to review any judgement pronounced or order made by it previously?
(A) Article 130
(B) Article 137
(C) Article 138
(D) Article 139
(E) None of these
93. Which one of the following Articles has declared untouchability in any form as un-constitutional ?
(A) Article 14 (B) Article 17
(C) Article 44 (D) Article 45
(E) None of these
94. There is no provision in the Constitution for the impeachment of :
(A) The Chief Justice of the High Court
(B) The Chief Justice of India
(C) The Governor
(D) The Vice-President
(E) None of these
95. All Ministers at the center are appointed by:
(A) The Prime Minister
(B) The President
(C) The Vice – President
(D) Home Minister
(E) None of these
96. The Emergency automatically suspends:
(A) Fundamental Rights under Article 19
(B) The Power of the Governors
(C) The power of the Courts
(D) State government
(E) None of these
97. The system of dual citizenship exists in ;
(A) U.S.A (B) France
(C) India (D) U.K.
(E) None of these
98. The basis of classifying government as Unitary and Federal is :
(A) Relationship between the Centre and States
(B) Relationship between the Legislative and Executive]
(C) Relationship between the Legislature and Judiciary
(D) Relationship between the Prime Minister and the President
(E) None of these
99. The writ ‘Quo Warranto’ ensures:
(A) Issuing directions by a higher court to lower court
(B) Issuing direction by Supreme Court or High Court to anybody to do some particular thing
(C) Stopping proceedings in a lower court on the ground of excess of Jurisdiction
(D) To be issued by a court when a person acts in a capacity to which he is not entitled
(E) None of these
100. Which of the following cannot be the reason to declare Financial Emergency?
(A) Threat to financial stability of India
(B) Threat to the credit of India
(C) Drain of foreign exchange by smuggling , unauthorized trading etc.
(D) Financial bankruptcy
(E) None of these
101. The voting age in general elections was reduced from 21 years to 18 by the :
(A) 72nd Amendment
(B) 62nd Amendment
(C) 61st Amendment
(D) 71st Amendment
(E) None of these
102. In the Indian Constitution , the word ‘Cabinet’ has been used only once, and it is in :
(A) Article 352
(B) Article 74
(C) Article 356
(D) Article 76
(E) None of these
103.Our Constitution was adopted on :
(A) 26th November , 1949
(B) 15th August , 1945
(C) 26th January, 1950
(D) 15th August, 1947.
(E) None of these
104. When can a bill be referred to the parliamentary Committee?
(A) Just after being placed in the Parliament
(B) After general debate/ discussion in the second reading
(C) After partial debate/ discussion
(D) After difference between the two Houses
(E) None of these
105. The President of India can declare an emergency under Article 360 of the Constitution of India if there is:
(A) War or any threat of war
(B) Failure of constitutional machinery of a State
(C) Financial instability in the center
(D) Armed rebellion in the country
(E) None of these
106. The writ ‘Habeas Corpus’ ensures:
(A) Issuing directions by a higher court to lower court
(B) That no person remains in jail without any cause
(C) Issuing direction by Supreme Court or High Courts to anybody to do some particular thing
(D) Stopping proceedings in a lower court on the ground of excess of jurisdiction
(E) None of these
107. De facto sovereign refers to :
(A) A person who is the lawful ruler of the country
(B) King who has lawfully inherited to the throne
(C) A person or body of persons who actually exercise power
(D) All of the above
(E) None of these
108. The power of issuing writs not only for Fundamental Rights but for other purposes also, is with:
(A) Supreme Court (B) High Courts
(C) Lower Court (D) President
(E) None of these
109. The legal sovereignty resides in :
(A) The court which decide the disputes
(B) The Constitution of a country
(C) The body which possesses supreme law making powers
(D) The head of the State
(E) None of these
110. Money bills must be introduced in:
(A) Lok Sabha only
(B) Rajya Sabha Only
(C) Either of these two
(D) Both the House at a time
(E) None of these
111. The Budget is presented to the Parliament normally on :
(A) The last day of March
(B) The last day of February
(C) 15th March
(D) 1st April
(E) None of these
112. The President’s Rule is imposed in a State:
(A) When a Chief Minister misbehaves
(B) When the Governor becomes disloyal to the Centre
(C) When there is breakdown of constitutional machinery
(D) When there is police firing
(E) None of these
113. What is the age of retirement prescribed for a Supreme Court Judge?
(A) 58 years (B) 60 years
(C) 65 years (D) No age limit
(E) None of these
114. How many regional languages were originally recognized by the Constitution?
(A) 14 (B) 15
(C) 16 (D) 17
(E) None of these
115. Which two words have been added in the Preamble by the 42nd Amendment?
(A) Federal and Democratic
(B) Secular and Sovereign
(C) Secular and Socialist
(D) Federal and Socialist
(E) None of these
116. How many types of emergencies does the Constitution envisage?
(A) One (B) Two
(C) Three (D) four
(E) None of these
117. How long can a person be a member of the Council of Ministers without being a member of either House of Parliament ?
(A) One year (B) Six months
(C) Three months (D) One month
(E) None of these
118. In which part of the Constitution are Fundamental Rights given?
(A) Part I (B) Part III
(C) Part IV (D) Part V
(E) None of these
119. Which of the following languages become the 15th official language in1967 by the 21st Amendment?
(A) Oriya (B) Kashmiri
(C) Assomese (D) Sindhi
(E) None of these
120. To Whom/ Which institution is the Prime Minister responsible?
(A) Council of Ministers
(B) The President
(C) Rajya Sabha (D) Lok Sabha
(E) None of these
121. When was the first session of the Constituent Assembly held?
(A) January 26,1948
(B) August 16,1947
(C) December 9,1946
(D) November 26,1947
(E) None of these
122. When was the first national emergency proclaimed in India?
(A) 1966 (B) 1971
(C) 1978 (D) 1987
(E) None of these
123. What is the tenure of the office of the Governor of a State?
(A) During the pleasure of the Prime Minister
(B) 5 years
(C) During the pleasure of the Speaker
(D) 6 years
(E) None of these
124. which of the following had influenced the Constitution of India the most ?
(A) The British Constitution
(B) The US Constitution
(C) The Government of India Act, 1935
(D) The UN Charter
(E) None of these
125. Into how many States and Union Territories was the country divided by the States Reorganisation Act , 1956?
(A) 22 States, 9 Union Territories
(B) 14 States, 6 Union Territories
(C) 14 States, 7 Union Territories
(D) 25 States, 9 Union Territories
(E) None of these
126. Which of the following writs literally means ‘What is your authority’?
(A)Habeas Corpus
(B) Certiorari
(C) Quo Warranto
(D) Prohibition
(E) None of these
127. Which amendment to the Constitution of India provides for National Commissions for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes separately?
(A) 90th (B) 89th
(C) 91st (D) 88th
(E) None of these
128. The Trade Union affiliated with the Congress Party is:
(A) All India Trade Union Congress
(B) Indian National Trade Union Congress
(C) Centre for Indian Trade Unions
(D) Hind Mazdoor Sabha
(E) None of these
129. The following Article of the Indian Constitution abolished the Practice of un-touchability:
(A) Article 14 (B) Article 18
(C) Article 17 (D) Article 19
(E) None of these
130. Which one of the following schedules of the constitution is releated to ‘Anti Defection Law’?
(A) 10th (B) 11th
(C) 12th (D) 13th
(E) None of these
131. Separation of the Judiciary from the Executive has been provided in which of the following parts of the Indian Constitution?
(A) The Preamble
(B) The Fundamental Rights
(C) The Directive Principles of State Policy
(D) The Seventh Schedule
(E) None of these
132. Name the committee for formulating the framework of restructuring railways:
(A) Jain Committee
(B) Venkatachelliah
(C) Rakesh Mohan Committee
(D) Dinesh Goswami Committee
(E) None of these
133. Who is legally competent under the Indian Constitution to declare war or conclude peace?
(A) The President
(B) The Prime Minister
(C) The Council of Ministers
(D) The Parliament
(E) None of these
134. Who among the following is/are not appointed by the President of India?
(A) Governors of the States
(B) Chief Justice and Judges of the High Courts
(C) Vice President
(D) Chief Justice and Judges of the Supreme Court
(E) None of these
135. What was the exact constitutional position of the India Republic when the Constitution was brought into force with effect from January 26, 1950?
(A) A Democratic Republic
(B) A Sovereign Democratic Republic
(C) A Sovereign Secular Democratic Republic
(D) A Sovereign Secular Socialist Democratic Republic
(E) None of these
136. A federal structure of India was first put forward by the :
(A) Act of 1909 (B) Act of 1919
(C) Act of 1935 (D) Act of 1947
(E) None of these
137. The Chief Election Commissioner can be removed from his office:
(A) By the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
(B) By the President
(C) On the basis of a resolution of the Cabinet
(D) On the basis of proved misbehaviour by 2/3rd majority of both Houses of Parliament
(E) None of these
138. Which schedule of the Constitution deals with the disqualification of elected members on the ground of defection?
(A) 8th (B) 9th
(C) 10th (D) 11th
(E) None of these
139. What is the correct order of succession (earlier to later) among the following Presidents of India?
(A) Dr. Zakir Hussian
(B) Dr. S. Radhakrishanan
(C) Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
4. V.V. Giri
(A) 2,3,4,1 (B) 3,2,4,1
(C) 4,1,2,3 (D) 2,1,4,3
(E) 3,4,2,1
140. If the Speaker of the Lok Sabha intends to vacate his office before the expiry of his term, he office before the expiry of his term, he sends his resignation to the :
(A) Chairman of the Rajya Sabha
(B) Leader of the House (Lok Sabha)
(C) Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha
(D) President of India
(E) None of these
141. Which one of the following was described by Dr. Ambedkar as the ‘heart and soul’ of the Constitution ?
(A) Right to equality
(B) Right against exploitation
(C) Right to constitutional remedies
(D) Right to freedom of religion
(E) None of these
142. The first woman Judge to be appointed to Supreme Court was:
(A) Rani Jethmalani
(B) Anna George Malhotra
(C) M. Fathima Beevi
(D) Leila Seth
(E) None of these
143. The 7th Schedule of the Constitution of India contains:
(A) States and Union Territories
(B) Salaries of President , Vice-President, etc.
(C) Union List , State List and Concurrent List
(D) Allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha
(E) None of these
144. Which of the following languages are included in the 8th Schedule of the Constitution of India?
(A) Sindhi and English
(B) English and Kashmiri
(C) Kashmiri and Gorkhai
(D) Sindhi and Kashmiri
(E) None of these
145. The 8th Schedule of the Constitution deals with:
(A) The list of 18 regional languages
(B) Fundamental Rights
(C) Directive Principles of State Policy
(D) All the above
(E) None of these
146. As a non-member who can participate to the proceedings of either House of Parliament?
(A) Vice-President
(B) Chief Justice
(C) Attorney- General
(D) Chief Election Commissioner
(E) None of these
147. According to the 44th Amendment Bill :
(A) Fundamental Rights are given supremacy over Directive Principles
(B) Parliament gets supreme power
(C) Right to Property has been taken away from the list Fundamental Rights
(D) All of the above
(E) None of these
148. Which Amendment to the Constitution gave primacy to Directive Principles over Fundamental Rights?
(A) 44th (B) 42nd
(C) 40th (D) 25th
(E) None of these
149. Which Amendment Bill inserted the 10th Schedule in the Constitution of India?
(A) 50th (B) 52nd
(C) 44th (D) 42nd
(E) None of these
150. When did India have its first General Elections?
(A) 1947 (B) 1949
(C) 1950 (D) 1951
(E) None of these
151. What is the elective strength of the Lok Sabha?
(A) 525 (B) 450
(C) 545 (D) 548
(E) None of these
152. A Parliamentary Bill passed by the Lok Sabha is sent to the President for his assent. The President sends it back to the Lok Sabha for reconsideration .If the Lok Sabha again passed the Bill and sends it to the President for assent , the President :
(A) Must approve it
(B) Can again send the Bill for reconsideration]
(C) Can take the help of he Supreme Court
(D) Can arrange for a referendum
(E) None of these
153. The total strength of the Rajya Sabha does not exceed:
(A) 200 members
(B) 250 members
(C) 450 members
(D) 525 members
(E) None of these
154. What is the maximum strength of the state Legislative Assembly?
(A) 250 (B) 350
(C) 525 (D) 455
(E) None of these
155. Who presides over the sessions of the Lok Sabha?
(A) President
(B) Prime Minister
(C) Speaker of the Lok Sabha
(D) Vice- President
(E) None of these

ANSWERS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
D D C A B C A C D C C D
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
C D A D B C C A C C D C
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
B B B D D D A A D C B C
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
B A D C C A A C D A A B
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
B A A D C A C C C B C D
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72
B D B B D C B B C C D C
73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84
D D B B B A D C D B B C
85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96
D D A C C C D B B C B A
97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108
A A D C C A A C C B C B
109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120
C A B C C A C C B B D D
121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132
C A B C B C B B C B C C
133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144
A C B B D C D C C C C D
145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155
A C C B B D C A B C C