PAPER-I
Electrical Circuits-Theory and Applications- Circuit components; network graphs; KCL, KVL; circuit analysis methods –nodal analysis ,mesh analysis; basic network theorems and applications ; transient analysis – RL, RC and RLC circuits; sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant circuits and applications; coupled circuits and applications; balanced 3- phase circuits Two-port network, driving point and transfer functions; poles and zeros of network functions. Elements of network synthesis . Filter – theory- design and application . Active filters. Circuit simulation- Input formats; methods of education formulation; solution of equations; output formats; SPICE.
Signals and Systems- Representation of continuous – time and discrete-time signals & systems; LTI systems; convolution; impulse response , time domain analysis of LTI system based on convolution and differential/ difference equations. Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform, Transfer function. Sampling and recovery of signals DFT, FFT Processing of analog signals through discrete- time systems.
E.M. Theory- Maxwell’s equations, wave propagation in bounded media. Boundary conditions reflection and refraction of plane waves. Transmission line- Distributed parameter circuits , traveling and standing waves, impedance matching . Smith chart. Wave guides- parallel plane guide, TE , TM and TEM wave , rectangular and cylindrical wave guides , resonators. Planar transmission lines; stripline, microstripline.
Analog Electronics- Characteristics and equivalent circuits (large and small- signal) of Diode, BJT, JEET and MOSFET . Diode circuits- clipping , clamping, rectifier, Biasing and bias stability. FET amplifiers .Current mirror; Amplifiers – single and multi-stage, differential, operational, feedback and power , Analysis of amplifiers; frequency- response of amplifiers. OPAMP circuits. Filters; sinusoidal oscillators- criterion for oscillation; single transistor and OPAMP configurations, Function generators and wave- shaping circuits. Power supplies.
Digital Electronics- Boolean algebra; minimization of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits – arithmetic circuits , code converters, multiplexers and decoders. Sequential circuits- latches and flops, counters and shift- registers. Comparators, timers, multivibrators. Sample and hold circuits , ADCs and DACs Semiconductor memories .Logic implementation using programmable devices (ROM, PLA, FPGA).
Energy Conversion- Principles of electromechanical energy conversion- Torque and emf in rotating machines. DC machines- characteristics and performance analysis ; starting and speed control of motors.
Transformers- Principles of operation and analysis ; regulation efficiency; 3-phase transformers. 3-phase induction machines and synchronous machines- characteristics and performance analysis; speed control .Special machines- Stepper motors, Brushless dc motors, permanent magnet motors single- phase motors; FHP.
Power Electronics and Electric Drives- Semiconductor power devices- diode, transistor , thyristor, triac ,GTO and MOSFET- static characteristics and principles of operation; triggering circuits ; phase control rectifiers; bridge converters- fully – controlled and half- controlled; principles of thyristor choppers and inverters; basic concepts of speed control of dc and ac motor drives applications of variable- speed drives.
Analog Communication- Random variables- continuous, discrete; probability, probability . Statististical averages; probability models; Random signals and noise; signal to noise ratio. Linear CW modulation- Amplitude modulation – DSB, DSB- SC and SSB. Modulators and Demodulators; Phase and Frequency modulation- PM & Fm signals; narrowband modulation system- Superhetrodyne receivers, AM receivers, communication ratio calculation for AM and FM receivers.
Microwaves and Antenna- Electromagnetic radiation, Propagation of waves- ground waves , sky wave, space wave, tropospheric scatter propagation. Extraterrestrial communications. Antenna- Various types, gain, resistance , band – width , beamwidth and polarization, effect of ground. Antenna coupling; high frequency antennas; microwave antennas; special purpose antennas . Microwave Services – Klystron , magnetron , TWT, gun diodes, Impatt , Bipolar and FETs, Microwave intergrated circuits . Microwave measurements.
PAPER-II
Control Systems- Elements of control systems; block – diagram representation; open- loop & closed- loop systems; principles and applications of feed- back . LTI systems – time domain and transform- domain analysis . Stability- Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loct, Nyquist’s criterion, Bode-plots, Design of lead-lad compensators. Proportional, PL, PID controllers. State- variable representation and analysis of control systems. Principles of discrete- control systems.
Electrical Engineering Materials- Electrical / electronic behaviour of materials – conductivity; free –electrons and band-theory; intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor, p-n junction; solar cells , super- conductivity. Dielectric behaviour of materials; polarization phenomena; piezo- electric phenomena. Magnetic materials – behaviour and application, Photonic materials – refractive index, absorption and emission of light , optical fibres, lasers and opto- electronic materials.
Microprocessors and microcomputers- 8-bit microprocessor- architecture, CPU, module design, memory interfacing , I/O, Peripheral controllers, Multiprocessing . IBM PC architecture – overview , introduction to DOS , Advanced microprocessors.
Measurement and Instrumentation- Error analysis ; measurement of current voltage, power , energy, power-factor, resistance, inductance, capacitance and frequency; bridge measurements . Electronic measuring instruments- multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter , frequency counter, Q-meter, spectrum- analyzer , distortion-meter. Transducers- thermocouple, thermistor , LVDT, strain- gauge, piezo- electric crystal. Use of transducers in measurements of non-electrical quantities. Data- acquisition systems.
IC Technology – Overview of IC Technology, Unit-step used in IC fabrication- water cleaning , photo- lithography, wet and dry etching , oxidation, diffusion , ion-implantation, CVD and LPCVD techniques for deposition of Poly- silicon, silicon, silicon-nitride and silicon di –oxide ; metallisation and passivation.
Power System – Analysis and Control- Steady- state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables; principles of active and reactive power transfer and distribution ; per unit quantities; bus admittance and impedance matrices ; load flow; voltage control and power factor correction; economic operation; symmetrical components, analysis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults. Concept of system stability – swing curves and equal area criterion. Static VAR system. Basic concepts to energy control centers; various states of a power system; SCADA systems and RTUs Active power control- Speed control of generators, tie- line control, frequency control . Economic dispatch.
Power system protection- Principles of overcurrent , differential and distance protection. Concept of solid state relays. Circuit brakers. Computer aided protection- Introduction; line bus , generator, transformer protection; numeric relays and application of DSP to protection.
Non- conventional Energy Sources and Energy Management- Introduction to the energy problem; difficulties with conventional energy sources. Wind – Energy- Basics of Wind turbine aerodynamics; wind energy conversion systems and their integration into electrical grid. Solar – Energy- Thermal conversion; photovoltaic conversion. Wave- energy. Importance of Energy Management – Energy audit; energy economics – discount rate , payback period, internal rate of return, life cycle costing.
Digital communication- Pulse code modulation (PCM) , differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), delta modulation (DM) , Digital modulation and demodulation schemes- amplitude, phase and frequency keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Error control coding – error detection and correction, linear block codes, convolution codes. Information measure and source coding . Data network , 7 – layer architecture.
Satellite Communication , Radar and TV- Satellite Communication – General overview and technical characteristics , earth station equipment , satellite link design , CNR of Satellite system, Radar- Basic principles , Pulsed systems- CW Doppler radar, FMCW radar, Phase array radars. Television systems- Television systems and standards , Black- and White- and Colour- TV transmission and receiver systems.
Fibre Optic System- Multiplexing – Time division multiplexing, Frequency Division multiplexing . Optical properties of materials- Refractive index absorption and emission of light , optical fibres, lasers and optoelectronic materials Fibre optic links.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
0 comments
ECONOMICS
0 commentsPAPER- I
1. Ricardian, Marshallian and Walrasain approaches to price determination. Type of Markets and price determination. Criteria or Welfare improvement . Alternate theories of distribution.
2.Functions of money- Measurement of price level changes- Money and real balances, Monetary standards- High powered money and the Quantity theosy of money, its variants and critiques therof – Demand for and supply of money- The money multiplier . Theories of determination of interest rate – Interest and prices – Theories of inflation and control of inflathon.
3.Full employment and Says ’Law under – elployment equilibrium- Keynes’ Theory of employment (and income) determination – Critiques of Keynesian Theory.
4.The modern monetary system – Banks, non – bank financial intermediaries, Discount House , and Central Bank. Structure of Money and financial markets and control . Money market instruments , bills and bonds. Real and nominal interest rates. Goals and instruments of monetary management in closed and open economics . Relation between the Central Bank and the Treasury . Proposal for ceiling on growth rate of money.
5.Public finance and its role in market economy in stabilization, supply stability , allocative efficiency, distribution and development . Sources of revenue- Forms of Taxes and subsidies, their incidence and effects; Limits to taxation , loans , crowding – out effects , and limits to borrowing . Types of budget deficits – Public expenditure and its effects.
International Economics-
(i) Old and New theories of International Trade.
(a) Comparative adv`ntafd , Terlr of and offdr btrvd.
(b( Prndubt cxble `nd Rtr`tegic trade theories.
(c) “ Trade as an engine of growth” and theories of underdevelopment in an open economy.
(ii) Balance of Payments Adjustments Alternative Approaches.
(a) price versus income , income adjustments under fixed exchange rates.
(b) Theories of policy mix.
(c) Exchange rate adjustments under capital mobility.
(d) Floating Rates and their implications for developing countries; Currency Boards.
(iv) (a) IMF and the World Bank.
(b) W.T.O.
(c) Trade Blocks and monetary unions.
Growth and development-
Theories of growth- Classical and neoclassical theories; The Harrod model; economic development under surplus Labour; wage – goods as a constraint on growth; relative importance of physical and human capitals in growth ; innovations and development; Productivity, its growth and source of changes therofo . Factors determining savings to income ratio and the capital- out put ratio.
(ii) Main features of growth – Changes in Sectoral compositions of income; Changes in occupational ; changes in income distribution; Changes in consumption levels and patterns; changes in saving and investment and in pattern of investment . Case for and against industrialization . Significance of agriculture in developing countries.
(iii) Relation between state , planning and growth , Changing roles of market and plans in grnwth economic policy and growth .
(iv) Rnle nf foreign capital and technology in growth . The significance of multi – nationals.
(v) Welfare indicators and measures of growth- Human development indices- The basic needs approach.
(vi) Concept of sustainable development , convergence of levels of living of developed and developing countries ; meaning of self-reliance in growth and development.
PAPER-II
I.Evolution of the Indian Economy till independence . The Colonial Heritage- Land & System & Agriculture , Taxes, Money and credit, Trade, Exchange Rate , the “Drain of Wealth controversy” of late 19th Century. Randade’s critique of Laissez- Faire; Swadeshi movement ; Gandhi and Hind Swaraj.
II.Indian Economics in Post – Independent Era- Contributions of Vakil, Gadgil and Rao. National and percapita Income; Patterns , Trends, Aggrigate and sectoral – composition and change therein , Broad factors determining National Income and its distribution; Measures of poverty. Trends in below poverty- line proportion.
III.Employment- Factors determining employment in short and long periods . Role of capital , wage-good, wage- rate and technology. Measures of unemployment . Relation between income, poverty and employment and issues of distribution and social justice.
(IV)Agriculture- Institutional set-up of land system size of agriculture holdings and efficiency- Green Revolution and technological changes-Agricultural prices and terms of trade-Role of public distribution and farim-subsidies on agricultural prices and production. Employment and poverty in agriculture- Rural wages-employment schemes-growth experience-land reforms. Regional disparities in agricultural growuh . Role of Agriculture in export.
(V)Industry- Industrial system of India – Trends in Composition and growth . Role of Public and private sectors. Role of small and cottage industries . Indian Industrial Strategy- Capital versus consumer goods. wage- good versus luxuries ,capital- intensive versus labour- intensive techniques , import –substituting versus dyport promotion. Sibkners and hhgh-bost Indtstrhal polibies and their effects. Recent moves for liberalization and their effects on Indian industry.
(VI) Money and banking- The monetary institutions of India- Factors determining demand for and supply of money. Sources of Reserve money- money multiplier- Techniques of money supply regulation under open economy. Functioning of money market in India. Budget deficit and money supply. Issues in Reform of Monetary and Banking Systems.
(VII) Index number of price levels- Course of Price level in post-Independence period –sources and causes of inflation-role of monetary and supply factors in price level determination – policies towards control of inflatinn . Effdcts of Hnfl`tion under npen economy.
(VIII) Trade , balance of payments and exchange- Foreign trade of India; composition and direction shifts in trade policy from import substitution to export promotion . Impact of liberalization on pattern of trade . Indian’s external Borrowings-the Debt problem. Exchange rate of the rupee; Devaluation’s depreciations and their effects on balance of payments – Gold import and Gold policy – convertibility on current and capital accounts-rupee in an open economy. Integration of India economy. Integration of Indian economy with world economy- India and the WTO.
(IX). Public Finance and Fiscal Policy- Characteristics of and trends in India’s Public Finance – Role of Taxes. (direct and indirect ) and subsidies- Fiscal and monetary deficits-public expenditures and their significance- Public Finance and Inflation-Limiting Government’s debt – Recent fiscal policies and their effects.
2.Functions of money- Measurement of price level changes- Money and real balances, Monetary standards- High powered money and the Quantity theosy of money, its variants and critiques therof – Demand for and supply of money- The money multiplier . Theories of determination of interest rate – Interest and prices – Theories of inflation and control of inflathon.
3.Full employment and Says ’Law under – elployment equilibrium- Keynes’ Theory of employment (and income) determination – Critiques of Keynesian Theory.
4.The modern monetary system – Banks, non – bank financial intermediaries, Discount House , and Central Bank. Structure of Money and financial markets and control . Money market instruments , bills and bonds. Real and nominal interest rates. Goals and instruments of monetary management in closed and open economics . Relation between the Central Bank and the Treasury . Proposal for ceiling on growth rate of money.
5.Public finance and its role in market economy in stabilization, supply stability , allocative efficiency, distribution and development . Sources of revenue- Forms of Taxes and subsidies, their incidence and effects; Limits to taxation , loans , crowding – out effects , and limits to borrowing . Types of budget deficits – Public expenditure and its effects.
International Economics-
(i) Old and New theories of International Trade.
(a) Comparative adv`ntafd , Terlr of and offdr btrvd.
(b( Prndubt cxble `nd Rtr`tegic trade theories.
(c) “ Trade as an engine of growth” and theories of underdevelopment in an open economy.
(ii) Balance of Payments Adjustments Alternative Approaches.
(a) price versus income , income adjustments under fixed exchange rates.
(b) Theories of policy mix.
(c) Exchange rate adjustments under capital mobility.
(d) Floating Rates and their implications for developing countries; Currency Boards.
(iv) (a) IMF and the World Bank.
(b) W.T.O.
(c) Trade Blocks and monetary unions.
Growth and development-
Theories of growth- Classical and neoclassical theories; The Harrod model; economic development under surplus Labour; wage – goods as a constraint on growth; relative importance of physical and human capitals in growth ; innovations and development; Productivity, its growth and source of changes therofo . Factors determining savings to income ratio and the capital- out put ratio.
(ii) Main features of growth – Changes in Sectoral compositions of income; Changes in occupational ; changes in income distribution; Changes in consumption levels and patterns; changes in saving and investment and in pattern of investment . Case for and against industrialization . Significance of agriculture in developing countries.
(iii) Relation between state , planning and growth , Changing roles of market and plans in grnwth economic policy and growth .
(iv) Rnle nf foreign capital and technology in growth . The significance of multi – nationals.
(v) Welfare indicators and measures of growth- Human development indices- The basic needs approach.
(vi) Concept of sustainable development , convergence of levels of living of developed and developing countries ; meaning of self-reliance in growth and development.
PAPER-II
I.Evolution of the Indian Economy till independence . The Colonial Heritage- Land & System & Agriculture , Taxes, Money and credit, Trade, Exchange Rate , the “Drain of Wealth controversy” of late 19th Century. Randade’s critique of Laissez- Faire; Swadeshi movement ; Gandhi and Hind Swaraj.
II.Indian Economics in Post – Independent Era- Contributions of Vakil, Gadgil and Rao. National and percapita Income; Patterns , Trends, Aggrigate and sectoral – composition and change therein , Broad factors determining National Income and its distribution; Measures of poverty. Trends in below poverty- line proportion.
III.Employment- Factors determining employment in short and long periods . Role of capital , wage-good, wage- rate and technology. Measures of unemployment . Relation between income, poverty and employment and issues of distribution and social justice.
(IV)Agriculture- Institutional set-up of land system size of agriculture holdings and efficiency- Green Revolution and technological changes-Agricultural prices and terms of trade-Role of public distribution and farim-subsidies on agricultural prices and production. Employment and poverty in agriculture- Rural wages-employment schemes-growth experience-land reforms. Regional disparities in agricultural growuh . Role of Agriculture in export.
(V)Industry- Industrial system of India – Trends in Composition and growth . Role of Public and private sectors. Role of small and cottage industries . Indian Industrial Strategy- Capital versus consumer goods. wage- good versus luxuries ,capital- intensive versus labour- intensive techniques , import –substituting versus dyport promotion. Sibkners and hhgh-bost Indtstrhal polibies and their effects. Recent moves for liberalization and their effects on Indian industry.
(VI) Money and banking- The monetary institutions of India- Factors determining demand for and supply of money. Sources of Reserve money- money multiplier- Techniques of money supply regulation under open economy. Functioning of money market in India. Budget deficit and money supply. Issues in Reform of Monetary and Banking Systems.
(VII) Index number of price levels- Course of Price level in post-Independence period –sources and causes of inflation-role of monetary and supply factors in price level determination – policies towards control of inflatinn . Effdcts of Hnfl`tion under npen economy.
(VIII) Trade , balance of payments and exchange- Foreign trade of India; composition and direction shifts in trade policy from import substitution to export promotion . Impact of liberalization on pattern of trade . Indian’s external Borrowings-the Debt problem. Exchange rate of the rupee; Devaluation’s depreciations and their effects on balance of payments – Gold import and Gold policy – convertibility on current and capital accounts-rupee in an open economy. Integration of India economy. Integration of Indian economy with world economy- India and the WTO.
(IX). Public Finance and Fiscal Policy- Characteristics of and trends in India’s Public Finance – Role of Taxes. (direct and indirect ) and subsidies- Fiscal and monetary deficits-public expenditures and their significance- Public Finance and Inflation-Limiting Government’s debt – Recent fiscal policies and their effects.
(IIX). Economic Planning in India- Trends in Savings and investment- Trends is Savings to Income and capital – output ratios- Productivity , its sources, growth and trends- growth versus distribution- Transition from Central Planning to indicative planning – relation between Market and Plan-strategies for Growth, social justice and Plans. Planning and increasing the growth rate.
COMMERCE & ACCOUNTANCY
0 commentsPAPER-I
ACCOUNTING & FINANCE
Part- I Accounting , Taxation & Auditing
Financial Accounting- Accounting as a financial information system; Impact of behavioural sciences.
Accounting Standards e.g , accounting for depreciation, inventories, gratuity, research and development costs , long term construction contracts , revenue recognition , fixed assets, contingencies, foreign exchange transactions, investments and governmdnt frants.
Advanced problems of company accounts. Amalgamation absorption and reconstruction of companies.
Valuation of shares and goodwill.
Cost Accounting- Nature and functions of cost accounting.
Job Costing
Process Costing
Marginal Costing; Techniques of segregating semi-variable costs into fixed and variable costs.
Cost volume-profit relationship ; aid to decision making including pricing decision , shutdown etc. Techniques of cost control and cost reduction.
Budgetary control, flexible budgets.
Standard costing and variance analysis.
Responsibility accounting , investment , profit and Cost cenres.
Taxation
Definitions
Basis of charge.
Incomes which do not form part of total income.
Simple problem of computation of income under various heads, i.e. , salaries ,income from house property, profit and gains from business or profession , capital gains, income of other persons included in assessee’s total income.
Aggregation of income and set off/carry forward of loss.
Deductions to be made in computing total inbnme.
Auditing
Audit of cash transactions, expenses,incomes,purchases,sales
Valuation and verification of assets with special reference to fixed assets, stock and debts.
Verification of liabilities.
Audit of limited companies; appointment, removal, powers, duties and liabilities of company auditor, significance of ‘true and fare’ MAOCARO report.
Auditor’s report and qualifications therein . Special points in the audit of different organizations like club , hospital , colleges, charitable societies.
PART- II : BUSINESS FINANCE AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
Finance Function- Nature, scope and Objectives of Financial Management – Risk and Return relationship.
Financial Analysis as a Diagnostic Tool.
Management of Working Capital and its Components- Forecasting working capital needs, inventory , debtors, cash and credit management.
Investment Decisions- Nature and Scope of Capital Budgeting- Various types of decisions Make or Buy and Lease of Buy-Techniques of Appraisal and their application.
Consideration of Risk and Uncertainty- Analysis of Non,financial Aspects.
Rate of Return on Investment- Required Rate of Return-its measurement- Cost of Capital Weighted Average Cost- Different Weights.
Concepts of Valuation – Valuation of firm’s Fixed Income Securities and Common Stocks.
Dividend and Retention Policy- Residual.
Theory or Dividend Policy- Other Models- Actual Practices.
Capital Structure- Leverages- Significance of Leverages- Theories of Capital Structure with special reference to Modigliani and Miller approach. Planning the Capital Structure of a Company; EBIT- EPS Analysis , Cash-flow ability to service debt , Capital Structure Ratios, other methods.
Raising finance-short term and long term. Bank finance-norms and conditions.
Financial Distress- Approaching BIFR under Sick Industrial Under- takings Act : Concept of Sickness, Potential Sickness, Cash Loss , Erosion of Networth.
Money Markets- the purpose of Money Markets, Money Market in India – Organization and working of Capital markets in India- Organizathon, Structure and Role of Financial Institutions in Indha. Banks and Investing Institutions- National and International Financial Institutions-their norms and type of financial assistance provided – inter-bank lending –its regulation, supervision and control . System of Consortium- Supervision and regulation of banks.
Monetary and Credit policy of Reserve Bank of India.
PAPER- II
ORGANISATION THEORY AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
PART-I : ORGANISATION THEORY
Nature and concept of Organization – organization goals; Primary and secondary goals, Single and multiple goals, ends means chain- Displacement , succession , expansion and multiplication of goals –Formal organization; Type , Structure- Line and Staff, functional matrix, and project- Informal organization – functions and limitations.
Evolution of organization theory- Classical ,Neo- classical and system approach – Bureaucracy; Nature and basic of power ,sources of power , power structure and politics- Organization behaviour as a dynamic system : technical , social and power systems- interrelations and interactions- Perception- Status system. Theoretical and empirical foundation of theories and Models of motivation . Morale and productivity- Leadership : Theories and styles – Managements of conflicts in organization – Transactional Analysis – Significance of culture of organization . Limits of rationality- Organizational change , adaptation, growth and development, Professional management Vs. family management , Organizational control and effectiveness.
PART- II INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
Nature and scope of industrial relations ,the socio- economic set-up , need for positive approach.
Industrial labour in India and its commitment –stages of commitments . Migratory nature –merits and shortcomings.
Theories of Unionism.
Trade Union movement in India- origin, growth and structure ; Attitude and approach of management of India- recognition . Problems before Indian Trade Union movement . Industrial disputes- sources; strikes and lockouts .
Compulsory adjudication and collecthve barf`inhng- `pprnachds.
Worker’s participation in management – philosophy , rationale; present day state of affairs and future prospects.
Prevention and settlement of industrial disputes in India.
Industrial relations in public Enterprises.
Absenteeism and labour turnover in India Industries- causes.
Relative wages and wage differentials ; wage policy.
Wage policy in India; the Bonus issue.
I.L.O. and India;
Role of Personnel Department in the Organisation.
ACCOUNTING & FINANCE
Part- I Accounting , Taxation & Auditing
Financial Accounting- Accounting as a financial information system; Impact of behavioural sciences.
Accounting Standards e.g , accounting for depreciation, inventories, gratuity, research and development costs , long term construction contracts , revenue recognition , fixed assets, contingencies, foreign exchange transactions, investments and governmdnt frants.
Advanced problems of company accounts. Amalgamation absorption and reconstruction of companies.
Valuation of shares and goodwill.
Cost Accounting- Nature and functions of cost accounting.
Job Costing
Process Costing
Marginal Costing; Techniques of segregating semi-variable costs into fixed and variable costs.
Cost volume-profit relationship ; aid to decision making including pricing decision , shutdown etc. Techniques of cost control and cost reduction.
Budgetary control, flexible budgets.
Standard costing and variance analysis.
Responsibility accounting , investment , profit and Cost cenres.
Taxation
Definitions
Basis of charge.
Incomes which do not form part of total income.
Simple problem of computation of income under various heads, i.e. , salaries ,income from house property, profit and gains from business or profession , capital gains, income of other persons included in assessee’s total income.
Aggregation of income and set off/carry forward of loss.
Deductions to be made in computing total inbnme.
Auditing
Audit of cash transactions, expenses,incomes,purchases,sales
Valuation and verification of assets with special reference to fixed assets, stock and debts.
Verification of liabilities.
Audit of limited companies; appointment, removal, powers, duties and liabilities of company auditor, significance of ‘true and fare’ MAOCARO report.
Auditor’s report and qualifications therein . Special points in the audit of different organizations like club , hospital , colleges, charitable societies.
PART- II : BUSINESS FINANCE AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
Finance Function- Nature, scope and Objectives of Financial Management – Risk and Return relationship.
Financial Analysis as a Diagnostic Tool.
Management of Working Capital and its Components- Forecasting working capital needs, inventory , debtors, cash and credit management.
Investment Decisions- Nature and Scope of Capital Budgeting- Various types of decisions Make or Buy and Lease of Buy-Techniques of Appraisal and their application.
Consideration of Risk and Uncertainty- Analysis of Non,financial Aspects.
Rate of Return on Investment- Required Rate of Return-its measurement- Cost of Capital Weighted Average Cost- Different Weights.
Concepts of Valuation – Valuation of firm’s Fixed Income Securities and Common Stocks.
Dividend and Retention Policy- Residual.
Theory or Dividend Policy- Other Models- Actual Practices.
Capital Structure- Leverages- Significance of Leverages- Theories of Capital Structure with special reference to Modigliani and Miller approach. Planning the Capital Structure of a Company; EBIT- EPS Analysis , Cash-flow ability to service debt , Capital Structure Ratios, other methods.
Raising finance-short term and long term. Bank finance-norms and conditions.
Financial Distress- Approaching BIFR under Sick Industrial Under- takings Act : Concept of Sickness, Potential Sickness, Cash Loss , Erosion of Networth.
Money Markets- the purpose of Money Markets, Money Market in India – Organization and working of Capital markets in India- Organizathon, Structure and Role of Financial Institutions in Indha. Banks and Investing Institutions- National and International Financial Institutions-their norms and type of financial assistance provided – inter-bank lending –its regulation, supervision and control . System of Consortium- Supervision and regulation of banks.
Monetary and Credit policy of Reserve Bank of India.
PAPER- II
ORGANISATION THEORY AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
PART-I : ORGANISATION THEORY
Nature and concept of Organization – organization goals; Primary and secondary goals, Single and multiple goals, ends means chain- Displacement , succession , expansion and multiplication of goals –Formal organization; Type , Structure- Line and Staff, functional matrix, and project- Informal organization – functions and limitations.
Evolution of organization theory- Classical ,Neo- classical and system approach – Bureaucracy; Nature and basic of power ,sources of power , power structure and politics- Organization behaviour as a dynamic system : technical , social and power systems- interrelations and interactions- Perception- Status system. Theoretical and empirical foundation of theories and Models of motivation . Morale and productivity- Leadership : Theories and styles – Managements of conflicts in organization – Transactional Analysis – Significance of culture of organization . Limits of rationality- Organizational change , adaptation, growth and development, Professional management Vs. family management , Organizational control and effectiveness.
PART- II INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
Nature and scope of industrial relations ,the socio- economic set-up , need for positive approach.
Industrial labour in India and its commitment –stages of commitments . Migratory nature –merits and shortcomings.
Theories of Unionism.
Trade Union movement in India- origin, growth and structure ; Attitude and approach of management of India- recognition . Problems before Indian Trade Union movement . Industrial disputes- sources; strikes and lockouts .
Compulsory adjudication and collecthve barf`inhng- `pprnachds.
Worker’s participation in management – philosophy , rationale; present day state of affairs and future prospects.
Prevention and settlement of industrial disputes in India.
Industrial relations in public Enterprises.
Absenteeism and labour turnover in India Industries- causes.
Relative wages and wage differentials ; wage policy.
Wage policy in India; the Bonus issue.
I.L.O. and India;
Role of Personnel Department in the Organisation.
Tips For Civil Services Main Exam, General Studies
0 commentsThe first papers will be that of General Studies which is a compulsory subject for all candidates.
General Studies in Main Examination comprises two papers of three hundred marls each. The duration of each paper is three hourse.
Paper-I has four segments, namely :
History of Modern India and Indian Culture
Geography of India
Constitution of India and Indian Polity
Current National Issues and Topics of Social Relevance
Paper-II has five segments , which are as follows :
India and the World
India’s Economic Interaction with the World
Development in the field of Science and Technology, IT and Space
International Affairs and Institutions
Statistical Analysis , Graphs and Diagrams
The syllabus as provided by UPSC, does not have much explanation regarding the details for the segments . It is therefore, advised to refer to previous years’ questions to get an idea about the explanation . The following observations have been made on the bases of analysis of previous years’ question papers:
The temporal reference to the History of Modern India and Indian Culture is up to the middle of 19th century. Thematic reference includes major events of the time, personalities,Facts and events associated with it. A majority of question pertain to the issues associated with the freedom struggle. Along with this there are question which deal with the cultural diversity of the country. However , the marks contained in culture segment are relatively less. This segment of History of Modern India and Indian Culture accounts for almost 30% of the total score of 300 marks.
Geography of India (physical , economic and social ) is a wide ranging segment of the syllabus. However , in terms of marks the total share is not so impressive . This segment accounts for approximately 10% of the total marks of Paper- I To prepare for this segment the candidates are advised to collect information about latest geographical events concerning India.
Constitution of India and Indian Policy is the most vital segment of Paper-I since its share of marks is almost one third. Students are advised to take note of it and accordingly give more time for its preparation . Here mainly the question are asked from the Indian political system and the Constitution of India. Students are required to collect information about various Government institutions and their functions, and also the relationship between them.
Current National Issues and Topics of Social Relevance include such events that are expected of an educated person to be aware about . They primarily include contemporary social problems that the Indian society is facing Some of the major issues include Human Rights, Human Resources, Corruption, Health, Environment and Preservation of Ecology, Pollution etc. The weightage of this segment in terms of marks is approximately one fourth.
The first segment of Paper-II is ‘India and the World’. In this segment candidate’s awareness is tested with regard to the country and the rest of the world. Here questions on issues such as foreign affairs, external security , nuclear debate, etc. are asked Further, another import area is with regard to Non- Resident Indians and the issues related to them . International position of India vis –a-vis various issues should also be kept in orientation while preparing for this segment . The share of this segment in Paper- II is about 15%.
Economic consciousness is on the rise. There have been more changes in the Indian Economy in last ten years than the change that occurred in the first four decades after independence . Questions on Indian Economy (about 30% of Paper II, as regards marks) have reference not only to the Indian planning commitment and issues , programmes and priorities of economic development, but also about the international economic and financial institutions . Students should gather information on WTO, IMF and other international institutions , particularly with regard to their relationship with India, Here, keeping abreast of the changing economic scenario is also very helpful.
Development in the field of Science and Technology, IT and Space is also a major component of Paper-II . In terms of participation of marks , about 25% of question are asked from this segment. While preparing the same those issues that have a bearing on the socio-economic development of the country , must be given more importance.
International Affairs and Institutions accounts for about 15% of the marks in Paper-II . It contains questions on major global changes that are taking place . It also includes questions on such relationship that develop between different countries which have their impact not only on India but on the world as a whole.
The last segment of Statistical Analysis, Graph and Diagrams’ with the participations of about 15% marks. Is significant . It is the only part of General Studies where students have a chance to score close to hundred percent . Here speed is vital, which can be achieved by practicing previous years’ questions.
The approach to the above mentioned segments of General Studies may very from student to student, depending upon his/ her comfort level in each area. Since General Studies can be more scoring than your optional subjects you cannot afford to ignore any of these.
In the examination hall read all the questions quickly in the first go and select those where you feel more confident and comfortable . Start with those questions where you can give your best. Apart from making a good impression on the examiner , this will give you an extra boost of confidence.
Read each and every question very carefully before attempting it. See what the examiner wants in your answer. He will be more interested in your approach to a given problem than your knowledge as such . Hit the question directly and stick to the basics. Try to present your answer in a simple and lucid manner. You may use pointers, diagrams, and illustrations to make your answer ‘examiner-friendly’ Your paper must stand out from those of the others in order to get good marks . Believe it or not, many have done this in the past . Maintain a reasonable speed without making avoidable errors.
Do not cross the word limit prescribed for each question. You may be penalized for writing more than what has been asked for. Economical use of words comes with a lot of writing practice before the examination. Also, avoid common mistakes, like giving incorrect facts, wrong spellings and careless presentation of answer. Unless you take care of each one of these common mistakes as well as the pitfalls mentioned above, you cannot expect of get the marks that you may otherwise deserve. Therefore, take up the task of preparation in an organized and intensive manner. Do spend some time to think over how to handle questions by taking examples from the previous years’ question papers. However it is important to enjoy the journey.
General Studies in Main Examination comprises two papers of three hundred marls each. The duration of each paper is three hourse.
Paper-I has four segments, namely :
History of Modern India and Indian Culture
Geography of India
Constitution of India and Indian Polity
Current National Issues and Topics of Social Relevance
Paper-II has five segments , which are as follows :
India and the World
India’s Economic Interaction with the World
Development in the field of Science and Technology, IT and Space
International Affairs and Institutions
Statistical Analysis , Graphs and Diagrams
The syllabus as provided by UPSC, does not have much explanation regarding the details for the segments . It is therefore, advised to refer to previous years’ questions to get an idea about the explanation . The following observations have been made on the bases of analysis of previous years’ question papers:
The temporal reference to the History of Modern India and Indian Culture is up to the middle of 19th century. Thematic reference includes major events of the time, personalities,Facts and events associated with it. A majority of question pertain to the issues associated with the freedom struggle. Along with this there are question which deal with the cultural diversity of the country. However , the marks contained in culture segment are relatively less. This segment of History of Modern India and Indian Culture accounts for almost 30% of the total score of 300 marks.
Geography of India (physical , economic and social ) is a wide ranging segment of the syllabus. However , in terms of marks the total share is not so impressive . This segment accounts for approximately 10% of the total marks of Paper- I To prepare for this segment the candidates are advised to collect information about latest geographical events concerning India.
Constitution of India and Indian Policy is the most vital segment of Paper-I since its share of marks is almost one third. Students are advised to take note of it and accordingly give more time for its preparation . Here mainly the question are asked from the Indian political system and the Constitution of India. Students are required to collect information about various Government institutions and their functions, and also the relationship between them.
Current National Issues and Topics of Social Relevance include such events that are expected of an educated person to be aware about . They primarily include contemporary social problems that the Indian society is facing Some of the major issues include Human Rights, Human Resources, Corruption, Health, Environment and Preservation of Ecology, Pollution etc. The weightage of this segment in terms of marks is approximately one fourth.
The first segment of Paper-II is ‘India and the World’. In this segment candidate’s awareness is tested with regard to the country and the rest of the world. Here questions on issues such as foreign affairs, external security , nuclear debate, etc. are asked Further, another import area is with regard to Non- Resident Indians and the issues related to them . International position of India vis –a-vis various issues should also be kept in orientation while preparing for this segment . The share of this segment in Paper- II is about 15%.
Economic consciousness is on the rise. There have been more changes in the Indian Economy in last ten years than the change that occurred in the first four decades after independence . Questions on Indian Economy (about 30% of Paper II, as regards marks) have reference not only to the Indian planning commitment and issues , programmes and priorities of economic development, but also about the international economic and financial institutions . Students should gather information on WTO, IMF and other international institutions , particularly with regard to their relationship with India, Here, keeping abreast of the changing economic scenario is also very helpful.
Development in the field of Science and Technology, IT and Space is also a major component of Paper-II . In terms of participation of marks , about 25% of question are asked from this segment. While preparing the same those issues that have a bearing on the socio-economic development of the country , must be given more importance.
International Affairs and Institutions accounts for about 15% of the marks in Paper-II . It contains questions on major global changes that are taking place . It also includes questions on such relationship that develop between different countries which have their impact not only on India but on the world as a whole.
The last segment of Statistical Analysis, Graph and Diagrams’ with the participations of about 15% marks. Is significant . It is the only part of General Studies where students have a chance to score close to hundred percent . Here speed is vital, which can be achieved by practicing previous years’ questions.
The approach to the above mentioned segments of General Studies may very from student to student, depending upon his/ her comfort level in each area. Since General Studies can be more scoring than your optional subjects you cannot afford to ignore any of these.
In the examination hall read all the questions quickly in the first go and select those where you feel more confident and comfortable . Start with those questions where you can give your best. Apart from making a good impression on the examiner , this will give you an extra boost of confidence.
Read each and every question very carefully before attempting it. See what the examiner wants in your answer. He will be more interested in your approach to a given problem than your knowledge as such . Hit the question directly and stick to the basics. Try to present your answer in a simple and lucid manner. You may use pointers, diagrams, and illustrations to make your answer ‘examiner-friendly’ Your paper must stand out from those of the others in order to get good marks . Believe it or not, many have done this in the past . Maintain a reasonable speed without making avoidable errors.
Do not cross the word limit prescribed for each question. You may be penalized for writing more than what has been asked for. Economical use of words comes with a lot of writing practice before the examination. Also, avoid common mistakes, like giving incorrect facts, wrong spellings and careless presentation of answer. Unless you take care of each one of these common mistakes as well as the pitfalls mentioned above, you cannot expect of get the marks that you may otherwise deserve. Therefore, take up the task of preparation in an organized and intensive manner. Do spend some time to think over how to handle questions by taking examples from the previous years’ question papers. However it is important to enjoy the journey.
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