LAW

LAW (PAPER-I)
Section-A
1.CONSTITUTIONAL LAW OF INDIA
1.Nature of the India Constitution; the distinctive features of its federal character.
2.Fundamental Rights
3.Relationship between Fundamental Rights
Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties.
4.Constitutional position of the Preshdent and relatinn whth the Bounbil nf Ministers.
5.Governor and his Powers
6.Appointment and Transfer of Judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts.
7.Supreme Court and High Courts – Power and Jurisdiction .
8.Union Public Service Commission and State Public Service Commission – Power and Functions.
9.Distribution of Legislative Powers between the Union and the States.
10.Administrative Relationship between the Union and the States.
11.Emergency Provisions.
12.Constitutional safeguards to Civil Servants.
13.Parliamentary Privileges.
14.Amendment of the Constitution.
15.Principles of Natural Justice.
16.Delegated Legislation- Its constitutionality , judicial and legislative controls.
17.Judicial Review of Administrative Action.
(Section –B) 2. INTERNATIONAL LAW
1.Nature and Definition of International Law.
2.Relationship between International Law and Municipal Law.
3.State Recognition and State Succession.
4.Sea- Inland Waters. Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, Continental Shelf, Exclusive Economic Zone and High Seas.
5.Indivhduals , nathonality , statelessness: Hulan Right and prncedtres available for their enforcement.
6.Territorial jurisdiction of State ,Extradition and Asylum.
7.Treaties- Formation , application, termination and reservation.
8.United Nations- Its principal organs, power and function .
9.Settlement of Disputes .
10.Lawful recourse to force- aggressions , self – defence, intervention .
11.Legality of the use of nuclear weapons, ban on testing of nuclear weapons; Nuclear non- proliferation treaty. CTBT.
12.International Terrorism State sponsored terrorism. Hijacking , International Criminal Court.
13.New International Economic order and Monetary law : WTO, TRIPS, GATT, IMF, World Bank.
14.Protection and Improvement of the Human Environment : International Efforts.
PAPER-II (Section-A ) LAW OF CRIMES AND TORTS
Law of Crimes-
1.General Principles of Criminal Liability : mens rea and actus reus, Mens rea in statutory offences.
2.Applications of the Indian Penal Code.
3.Kinds of Punishment.
4.Preparations and criminal attempts.
5.General exceptions.

6.Joint and cnnstructhve liabhlitx.
7.Abetmdnt.

8.Criminal conspiracy.
9.Offences against the State.
10.Offences against public tranquility.
11.Offences against human body.
12.Offences against property.
13.Offences Relating to Marriage.
14.Defamation.
15.Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955.
16.Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961.
17.Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988.
Law of Torts-
1. Nature and definition.
2. Liability based upon fault and strict liability.
3. Vicarious liability including State Liability.
4. General defences.
5. Joint tortfeasors.
6. Remedies.
7. Negligence.
8. Defamation.
9. Nuisance.
10. Conspiracy.
11. False imprisonment.
12. Malicious Prosecution.
13. Consumer Protection Act, 1986.
(Section-B) II. LAW OF CONTRACTS AND MERCANTILE LAW
1. Formation of Contract.
2.Factors vitiating consent.
3.Void, voidable , illegal and unenforceable agreements.
4.Performance and discharge of contracts.
5.Quasi- contracts.
6.Consequences of breach of contract.
7.Contract of Agency.
8.Sale of goods and hire purchase.
9.Formation and dissolution of partnership.
10.Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881.
11.Arbitration and Bonchliation Act, 1986.
Literature of thd followhng langtager-
Note (i) –A candidate may be required to answer some or all the questions in the language concerned.
Note (ii) – In regard to the languages included in the Eighth Schedule to Constitution , the scripts will be the same as indicated in Section II (B) of Appendix I relating to Main Examination.
Note (iii) – Candidates should note that the questions not required to be answered in a specific language will have to be answered in the language medium indicated by them for answering papers on Essay, General Studies and Optional Subjects.

President-elect Obama's Statement on Job Loss

The 533,000 jobs lost last month, the worst job loss in 34 years, is more than a dramatic reflection of the growing economic crisis we face. Each of those lost jobs represents a personal crisis for a family somewhere in America. Our economy has already lost nearly 2 million jobs during this recession, which is why we need an Economic Recovery Plan that will save or create at least 2.5 million more jobs over two years while we act decisively to maintain the flows of credit on which so many American families and American businesses depend. There are no quick or easy fixes to this crisis, which has been many years in the making, and it's likely to get worse before it gets better. But now is the time to respond with urgent resolve to put people back to work and get our economy moving again. At the same time, this painful crisis also provides us with an opportunity to transform our economy to improve the lives of ordinary people by rebuilding roads and modernizing schools for our children, investing in clean energy solutions to break our dependence on imported oil, and making an early down payment on the long-term reforms that will grow and strengthen our economy for all Americans for years to come.

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HISTORY

PAPER-I
SECTION-A
1.Sources and approaches to study of early Indian history.
2.Early pastoral and agricultural communities . The archaeological evidence.
3.The Indus Civilization : its origins, nature and decline.
4.Patterns of settlement , economy social organization and religion in India (c. 2000 to 500 B.C.) : archaeological perspectives.
5.Evolution of north Indian society and culture : evidence of Vedic texts (Samhitas to Sutras).
6.Teachings of Mahavira and Buddha. Contemporary society. Early phase of state formation and urbanization.
7.Rise of Magadha; Mauryan empire . Ashoka’s inscriptions; his dhamma. Nature of the Mauryan state.
8-9 Post of Mauryan period in northern and peninsular India: Political and administrative history ,. Society , economy, culture and religion. Tamilaham and its society : the Sangam texts.
10-11. India in the Gupta and post – Gupta period (to c.750) : Political history of northern and peninsular India ; Samanta system and changes in political structure; economy; social structure; culture ; religion.
12. Themes in early Indian cultural history : languages and texts; major stages in the evolution of Art And Architecture; major philosophical thinkers and schools; ideas in science and mathematics .
Section-B
13. India 750-1200 : Policy, society and economy. Major dynasties and political structures in North India. Agrarian structures . ‘Indian feudalism’ . Rise of Rajputs. The Imperial Cholas and their contemporaries in Peninsular India. Villagle communities in the South Conditions of woman . Commerce mercantile groups and guilds . Problem of coinage. Arab conquest of Sind; the Ghaznavide empire.
14. India, 750-1200 : Culture, Literature , Kalhana, historian Styles of temple architecture; sculpture. Religious thought and institutions : Sankaracharya’a Vedanta . Raanuja. Growth of Bhakti, Islam and its arrival in India. Sufism. Indian science . Alberuni and his study of Indian science and civilization.
15. The 13th Century. The Ghorian invasions. Factors behind Ghorian success. Economic , social and cultural consequences. Foundation of Delhi Sultanate. The ‘Slave’ Dynasty. Iltutmish; Balban. ‘The Khalji Revolution’. Early Sultanate. Archiecture.
16. The 14th Century. Alauddin Khalji’s conquests agrarian and economic measures. Muhammad Tughluq’s major ‘projects’ Firuz Tughluq’s concessions and public works. Decline of the Sultante . Foreing contacts : Ibn Battuta.
17. Economy society and culture in the 13th and 14th centuries . Caste and slavery under sultanate . Tehnological changes. Sultanate architecture. [Persian literature : Amir Khusrau , Historiography ; Ziya Barani. Evolution of a composite culture . Sufism in North India. Lingayats. Bhakti schools in the south.
18. The 15th and early 16th Century (Political History). Rise of Provincial Dynasties : Bengal , Kashmir (Zainul Abedin) , Gujarat, Malwa, Bahmanids . The Vijayanagara Empire . Lodis, Muhgal Empire, First phase : Babur, Humayun. The Sur Empire : Sher Shah’s administration . The Portuguese colonial enterprise.
19. The 15th and early 16th Century (society , economy and culture) Regional cultures and literatures. Provincial architectural styles . Society, culture, literature and the arts in Vijayanagara Empire. Monotheistic movements : Kabir and Guru Nanak. Bhakti Movements :Chaitanya . Sufism in its pantheistic phase.
20. Akbar : His conquests and consolidation of empire. Establishment of Jagir and mansab system. His Rajput policy . Evolution of religious and social outlook. Theory of Sulh-I-kul and religious policy . Abul Fazl , thinker and historian. Court patronage of art and technology.
21. Mughal empire in the 17th Century. Major policies (administrative and religious ) of Jahangir , Shahjahan and Aurangzeb. The Empire and the Zamindars . Nature of the Mughal state . Late 17th Century crisis : Revolts . The Ahom kingdom. Shivaji and early maratha kingdom.
22. Economy and society , 16th and 17th Centuries . Population. Agricultural and craft production . Towns, commerce with Europe through Dutch, English and French companies-a ‘trade revolution’ Indian merchantile classes . Banking , insurance and credit system . Conditions of peasants , famines . Condition of Women.
23. Culture during Mughal Empire . Persian literature (including historical works). Hindi and religious literatures. Mughal architecture. Mughal painting. Provincial schools of architecture and painting . Classical music. Science and technology . Sawai Jai Singh , astronomer. Mystic eclecticism : Dara Shikoh. Vaishnav Bhakti . Mahrasthra Dharma. Evolution of the Sikh community (Khalsa).
24. First half of 18th Century : Factors behind decline of the Mughal Empire . The regional principalities (Nizam’s Deccan, Bengal , Awadh). Rise of Maratha ascendancy under the peshwas . The Maratha fiscal and financial system . Emergency of Afghan Power . Panipat , 1761 . Internal weakness, political cultural and economic , on eve of the British conquest.
PAPER-II
Section –A
1. Establishment of British rule in India : Factors behind British success against India powers- Mysore, Maratha Confederacy and the Punjab as major powers in resistance; policy of subsidiary Alliance and Doctrine of Lapse.
2. Colonial Economy : Tribute system . Drain of wealth and deindustrialisation’ , Fiscal pressures and revenue settlements (Zamindari, Ryotwari and Mahalwari settlements); Structure of the British raj up to 1857(including the Acts of 1773 and 1784 and administrative organization).
3. Resistance of colonia rule : Early uprisings ; Causes, nature and impact of the Revolt of 1857; Reorganisation of the Raj, 1858 and after.
4. Socio-cultural impact of colonial rule : Official social reform measures (1828-57 ) ; Orientalist – Anglicist controversy; coming of English education and the press; Christian missionary activities ; Bengal Renaissance; Social and religious reform movements in Bengal and other areas ; Women as focus of social reform.
5. Economy 1858-1914 : Railways; Commercialisation of Indian agriculture; Growth of landless labourers and rural indebtedness; Famines; India as market for British industry; Customs removal, exchange and countervailing excise ; Limited growth of modern industry.
6. Early Indian Nationalism : Social background ; Formation of national associations; Peasant and tribal uprising during the early nationalist era; Foundation of the Indian National Congress; The Moderate phase of the Congress; Growth of Extremism ; The Indian Council Act of 1909; Home Rule Movement ; The Government of India Act of 1919.
7. Inter- War economy of India : Industries and problem of Protection ; Agricultural distress; the Great Depression ; Ottawa agreements and Discriminatory Protection; the growth of trade unions; The Kisan Movement; The economic programme of the Congress ‘Karachi resolution , 1931.
8. Nationalism under Gandhi’s leadership : Gandhi’s carer, thought and methods of mass mobilisation ; Rowlatt Satyagraha, Khilafat- Non Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, 1940 Satyagraha and Quit India Movement; State People’s Movement.
9. Other strands of the National Movement : (a) Revolutionary movement since 1905 ; (b) Constitutional politics ; Swarajists , Liberals, Responsive Cooperation;(c) Ideas of Jawaharlal Nehru , (d) The Left (Socialists and Communists); (e) Subhas Chandra Bose and the Indian National Army; (f) Communal strands : Muslim League and Hindu Mahasabha; (g) Women in the National Movement .
10. Literary and cultural movements : Tagore , Premchand, Subramanyam Bharti , Iqbal as examples only ; New trends in art; Film industry; Writers ‘ Organisations and Theatre Associations.
11. Towards Freedom : The Act of 1935; Congress Ministries, 1937- 1939; The Pakistan Movement; Post –1945 upsurge (PIN Mutiny , Telangana uprising etc.,); Constitutional negotiations and the Transfer of Power , 15 August , 1947.
12. First phase of Independence (1947-64 ) : Facing the consequences of Partition ; Gandhiji’s murder; economic dislocation ; Integration of States; The democratic constitution , 1950; Agrarian reforms; Building an industrial welfare state; Planning and industrialization ; Foreign policy of Non-alignment; Relations with neighbours.
Section –B
13. Enlightenment and Modern ideas :
(i) Renaissance Background
(ii) Major Ideas of Enlightenment : Kant , Rousseau
(iii) Spread of Enlightenment outside Europe
(iv) Rise of socialist ideas (to Marx)
14. Origins of Modern Politics :
(i) European States System
(ii) American Revolution and the Constitution.
(iii) French revolution and after math, 1789-1815.
(iv) British Democratic Politics, 1815-1850; Parliamentary Reformers, Free Traders , chartists.
15. Industrialization :
(i) English Industrial Revolution : Causes and Impact on Society.
(ii) Industrialization in other countries : USA, Germany , Russia , japan .
(iii) Socialist Industrialization : Soviet and Chinese.
16. Nation- State!System :
(i) Rise of Nationalism in 19th century
(ii) Nationalism : State –building in Germany and Italy
(iii) Disintegration of Empires through thd emergence of nationalities.
17. Imperialism and Coloni`lisl:
(h) Cnlonhal Rystdm (Dxplnitation of New Vorld, Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade, Tribute from Asian Conquests)
(ii) Types of Empire : of settlement and non-settlement : Latin America, South Africa, Indonesia , Aurtralia.
(iii) Imperialism and Free Trade : The New Imperialism.
18. Revolution and Counter- Revolution :
(i) 19th Century European revolutions
(ii) The Russian Revolution of 1917-1921
(iii) Fascist Counter- Revolution , Italy and Germany.
(iv) The Chinese Revolution of 1949.
19. World Wars :
(i) Ist and 2nd World Wars as Total Wars- Societal Implication .
(ii) World War I : Causes and Consequences.
(iii) World War II : Political Consequences
20. Cold War :
(i) Emergence of Two Blocks
(ii) Integration of West Europe and US Strategy ; Communist East Europe
(iii) Emergence of Third World and Non- Alignment
(iv) UN and Dispute Resolution.
21. Colonial Liberation :
(i) Latin America- Bolivar
(ii) Arab World- Egypt
(iii) Africa- Apartheid to Democracy
(iv) South- East Asia- Vietnam
22. Decolonization and Underdevelopment :
(i) Decolonization : Break up of colonial Empires : British , French, Dutch.
(ii) Factors constraining Development : Latin America, Africa.
23. Unification of Europe :
(i) Post War Foundations : NATO and European Community
(ii) Consolidation and Expansion of European Community / European Union.
24. Soviet Disintegration and the Unipolar World
(i) Factors in the collapse of Soviet communism and the Soviet Union , 1985-1991.
(ii) Political Changes in East Europe 1989-1992.
(iii) End of the Cold War and US Ascendancy in the World .(iv) Globalization.

GEOLOGY

PAPER-I >>Section-A
(i) General Geology- The Solar System, meteorities, origin and interior of the earth Radioactivity and age of earth; Volcanoes- causes and products, volcanic belts. Earthquakes- causes, effects, earthquake belts, seismicity of India, intensity and magnitude , seismongraphs. Island arcs, deep sea trenches and mid- ocean ridges. Continental drift- evidences and mechanics; seafloor spreading , plate tectonics. Isostasy, orogeny and epeirogeny. Continents and oceans.
(ii) Geomorphology and Remote Sensing- Basic concepts of geomorphology. Weathering and mass wasting . Landforms ,slopes and drainage. Geomorphic cycles and their interpretation. Morphology and its relation to structures and lithology. Applications of geomorphology in mineral prospecting , civil engineering, hydrology and environmental studies. Geomorphology and India subcontinent.
Aerial photographs and their interpretation- merits and limitations. The Electronmagnetic Spectrum. Orbiting satellites and sensor systems. Indian Remote Sensing Satellites .Satellites data products. Applications of remote sensing in geology. The Geographic Information System and its applications. Global Positioning System.
(iii) Structural Geology- Principles of geologic mapping and map reading , projection diagrams , stress and stress strain ellipsoid and stress- strain relationships of ‘elastic, plastic and viscous materials . Strain markers in deformed rocks . Behaviour of minerals and rocks under deformation conditions. Folds and faults classification and mechanics .Structural analysis of folds, foliations, lineations, joints and faults , unconformities, Superposed deformation. Time- relationship between crystallization and deformation. Introduction to petrofabrics.
Section-B
(iv)Paleontology- Species- definition and nomenclature. Megafossils and Microfossils. Modes of preservation of fossils. Different kinds of microfossils. Application of microfossils in correlation, petroleum exploration, paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic studies. Morphology, geological history and evolutionary trend in Cephalopoda, Trilobita, Brachiopoda, Echinoidea and Anthoza. Stratigraphic utility of Ammonoidea , Trilobita proboscidae. Siwalik fauna. Gondwana flora and its importance.
(v) Stratigraphy and Geology of India- Classification of stratigraphic swquences : lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic, chronostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic and their interrelationships. Distribution and classification of Precembrian rocks of India .Study of stratigraphic distribution and lithology of Phanerozoic rocks of India with reference to Cambrian/ Precambrian. Permian/ Triassic. Cretaceous/ Tertiary and Pliocene/ Pleistocene. Study of climatic conditions, paleogeography and igneous activity in the Indian subcontinent in the geological past. Tectonic framework of India . Evolution of the Himalayas.
(vi) Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology- Hydrologic cycle and genetic classification of water. Movement of subsurface water. Springs. Porosity, permeability, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity and storage coefficient , classification of aquifers. Water- bearing characteristics of rocks. Groundwater chemistry . Salt water intrusion. Types of wells . Drainage basin morphometry . Exploration for groundwater. Groundwater recharge. Problems and management of groundwater. Rainwater harvesting. Engineering properties of rocks. Geological investigations for dams, tunnels and bridges. Rock as construction material. Alkali- aggregate reaction. Landslides- causes, prevention and rehabilitation. Earthquake- resistant structures.
PAPER-II
Section-A
(i) Mineralogy- Classification of crystals into systems and classes of symmetry. International system of crystallographic notation. Use of projection diagrams to represent crystal symmetry . Crystal defects . Elements of X-ray crystallography .
Petrological microscope and accessories. Optical properties of common rock forming minerals . Pleochroism, extinction angle, double refraction, birefringence, twinning and dispersion in minerals.
Physical and chemical characters of rock forming slilicate mineral groups .Structural classification of silicates . Common minerals of igneous and metamorphic rocks. Minerals of the carbonate , phosphate , sulphide and halide groups.
(ii)Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology- Generation and crystallization of magma crystallization of albite- anorthite, diopside- anorthite and diopside- wollastonite- silica systems. Reaction principle . Magmatic differentiation and assimilation. Petrogenetic significance of he textures and structures of igneous rocks. Petrography and petrogenesis of granite , syenite, diorite , basic and ultrabasic groups, charnockite, anorthosite and alkaline rocks. Carbonatites . Deccan volcanic province.
Type and agents of metamporphism. Metamporphic grades and zones. Phase rule. Facies of regional and contact metamophism. ACF and AKF diagrams. Textures and structures of metamorphic rocks. Metamorphism of arenaceous, argillaceous and basic rocks. Minerals assemblages Retrograde metamorphism. Metasomatism and granitisation, migmatites , Granulite terrains of India.
(iii)Sedimentology- Sedimentary rocks : Processes of formation. Diagenesis and lithification. Properties of sediments. Clastic and non-clastic rocks-their classification, petrography and depositional environment. Sedimentary facies and provenance. Sedimentary structures and their significance. Heavy minerals and their significance. Sedimentary basins of India.
Section- B
(iv) Economic Geology- Ore, ore minerals and gangue , tenor of ore, classification of ore deposits. Process of formation of minerals deposits. Controls of ore localization. Ore textures and structures. Metallogenic epochs and provinces . Geology of the important Indian deposits of aluminium , chromium, copper, gold, iron, lead, zinc, manganese , titanium, uranium and thorium and industrial minerals. Deposits of coal and petroleum in India. National mineral Policy .Conservation and utilization of mineral resources. Marine mineral resources and Law of Sea.
(v)Mining Geology- Methods of prospecting – geological , geo- physical , geochemical and geobotanical . Techniques of sampling. Estimation of reserves or ore. Methods of exploration and mining metallic ores, industrial minerals and marine mineral mineral resources. Mineral benefication and ore dressing.

(vi)Geochemistry and Environmental Geology- Cosmic abundance of elements . Composition of the planets and meteorites .Structure and composition of earth and distribution of elements. Trace elements. Elements of crystal chemistry-types of chemical bonds, coordination number. Isolmorphism and polymorphism. Elementary thermodynamics. Natural hazards-floods, landslides, coastal erosion, earthquakes and volcanic activity and mitigation . Environmental impact of urbanization open cast mining , industrial and radioactive waste disposal use of fertilizers, dumping of mine waste and fly-ash . Pollution of ground and surface water , marine pollution, Environment protection- legislative measures in India.