Great Personality : APJ Abdul Kalam Azad

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam born October 15, 1931, Tamil Nadu, India, usually referred to as Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, was the eleventh President of India, serving from 2002 to 2007. Due to his unconventional working style, he is also popularly known as the People's President. Before his term as India's president, he distinguished himself as engineering visionary and was awarded India's highest civilian honour Bharat Ratna in 1997 for his work with DRDO and his role as scientific advisor to the Indian government. He is popularly known as the Missile Man of India for his work on development of ballistic missile and space rocket technology. In India he is considered a progressive mentor, innovator and visionary. Kalam played a pivotal organizational, technical and political role in India's Pokhran-II nuclear test in 1998, the first since the original nuclear test by India in 1974. He is a professor at Anna University (Chennai) and adjunct/visiting faculty at many other academic and research institutions across India.

Political Views

Kalam's probable views on certain issues have been espoused by him in his book India 2020 where he strongly advocates an action plan to develop India into a knowledge superpower and into a developed nation by the year 2020. Kalam is credited with the view that India ought to take a more assertive stance in international relations; he regards his work on India's nuclear weapons program as a way to assert India's place as a future superpower.
Kalam continues to take an active interest in other developments in the field of science and technology as well. He has proposed a research programme for developing bio-implants. He is a supporter of Open source software over proprietary solutions and believes that the use of open source software on a large scale will bring more people the benefits of information technology.
Kalam's belief in the power of science to resolve society's problems and his views of these problems as a result of inefficient distribution of resources is modernistic. He also sees science and technology as ideology-free areas and emphasizes the cultivation of scientific temper and entrepreneurial drive. In this, he finds a lot of support among India's new business leaders like the founders of Infosys and Wipro, (leading Indian IT corporations) who began their careers as technology professionals much in the same way Kalam did.
His views on issues of peace and weapons are controversial. He is quoted as follows:
In the 3,000-year history of India, barring 600 years, the country has been ruled by others. If you need development, the country should witness peace and peace is ensured by strength. Missiles were developed to strengthen the country.

ARABIC

PAPER-I (SECTION-A)
Answers must be written in Arabic
1. (a) Origin and development of language an outline.
(b) Significant features of the grammar of the language, Rhetorics, Prosody.
(c) Short Essay in Arabic.
SECTION-B
2.Literary History and Literary Criticism- Socio- Cultural Background, Classical literature , literary movements , modern trends, origin and development of modern prose- drama, novel, short story, essay.
PAPER-II
This paper will requird first hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate’s critical ability. Answers must be written in Arabic.
SECTION-A
POETS-
a. Imraul Qais- Qifa Nabke Min Zikra Habibin Wa Manzili (complete) Al Muallaqatus Saba
Hassan bin Thabit- Lillahi Darru Isabatin Nadamtuhum (complete) Diwan Hassan Bin Thabit
Jarir- Hayyu Umamata Wazkuru Ahdan Mada
To
Jalbas Sifahi Wa Damiation Bikila Nukhbatul Adab- Deptt. Of Arabic, A.M.U. Aligarh
Farzdaq- Hazal Lazi Tariful Batha-o-Watatuhu (complete)
Majmuatun Minan Nazm-I- Wan Nasr, Jamia Salafiah, Varanasi
5.Al Mutanabbi – Ya Ukhta Khair-e- Akhin YA Binta Khair-e- Abin
To
Aqamahul Fikru Bainal ljz-e- Wattaabi Nukhbatul Adab , Deptt. Of Arabic, A.M.U. Aligarh.
6. Abul Ala Al- Maari- Ala Fi Sabil Majdi Ma Ana Faailu
To
Wa Ya Nafsu Jiddi Inna Dahraki Hazilu Majmuatul Minan Nazm-I-Wan Nasr, Jamia Salafia, Varanasi.
7. Shauqi – Wulidal Huda Falkainatu Diau
To
Makhtara IIIa Dinakal Fuqarau Salamun neeli Ya Ghandi (complete) Shauqiat.
Hafiz lbrahim- Rajatu Linafsi Fattahamtu Hasati (complete) Nukhbatul Adab
llya Abu Madi- Damatun Kharsao (complete)
Mukhtarat Minal Sher Al Arabi Al Hadith, M.M. Badwi
SECTION-B
(a) Authors Books
Lessons
1. Ibnul Muqaffa Kalilah Wa Dimnah
Al Asad Wal Thaur
2. Al- jahiz Mukhtarat Min Adabil
Arab Bakhilum Hakim (complete)
Part-II By – S.A. Hasan Ali Nadwi
3. Ibn Khaldun Muqaddamh
Araun Fit Talim (complete)
4. Mahmud Taimur Qalar Rawi
Am Mutawalli (complete)
5. Taufiqual Hakim Masrahiyat
Sirrul Muntahira (complete)
6. Abbas Mahmud Aqqad Mukhtarat Min Adabil Arab-II
Assiddiq (complete)
(b) Study of Indian Authors
1. Ghulam Ali Azad Bilgrami
2. Shah Walullah Dehlavi
3. Zulfiqar Ali Deobandi
4. Abdul Aziz Meman
5. Syed Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi

LAW

LAW (PAPER-I)
Section-A
1.CONSTITUTIONAL LAW OF INDIA
1.Nature of the India Constitution; the distinctive features of its federal character.
2.Fundamental Rights
3.Relationship between Fundamental Rights
Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties.
4.Constitutional position of the Preshdent and relatinn whth the Bounbil nf Ministers.
5.Governor and his Powers
6.Appointment and Transfer of Judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts.
7.Supreme Court and High Courts – Power and Jurisdiction .
8.Union Public Service Commission and State Public Service Commission – Power and Functions.
9.Distribution of Legislative Powers between the Union and the States.
10.Administrative Relationship between the Union and the States.
11.Emergency Provisions.
12.Constitutional safeguards to Civil Servants.
13.Parliamentary Privileges.
14.Amendment of the Constitution.
15.Principles of Natural Justice.
16.Delegated Legislation- Its constitutionality , judicial and legislative controls.
17.Judicial Review of Administrative Action.
(Section –B) 2. INTERNATIONAL LAW
1.Nature and Definition of International Law.
2.Relationship between International Law and Municipal Law.
3.State Recognition and State Succession.
4.Sea- Inland Waters. Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, Continental Shelf, Exclusive Economic Zone and High Seas.
5.Indivhduals , nathonality , statelessness: Hulan Right and prncedtres available for their enforcement.
6.Territorial jurisdiction of State ,Extradition and Asylum.
7.Treaties- Formation , application, termination and reservation.
8.United Nations- Its principal organs, power and function .
9.Settlement of Disputes .
10.Lawful recourse to force- aggressions , self – defence, intervention .
11.Legality of the use of nuclear weapons, ban on testing of nuclear weapons; Nuclear non- proliferation treaty. CTBT.
12.International Terrorism State sponsored terrorism. Hijacking , International Criminal Court.
13.New International Economic order and Monetary law : WTO, TRIPS, GATT, IMF, World Bank.
14.Protection and Improvement of the Human Environment : International Efforts.
PAPER-II (Section-A ) LAW OF CRIMES AND TORTS
Law of Crimes-
1.General Principles of Criminal Liability : mens rea and actus reus, Mens rea in statutory offences.
2.Applications of the Indian Penal Code.
3.Kinds of Punishment.
4.Preparations and criminal attempts.
5.General exceptions.

6.Joint and cnnstructhve liabhlitx.
7.Abetmdnt.

8.Criminal conspiracy.
9.Offences against the State.
10.Offences against public tranquility.
11.Offences against human body.
12.Offences against property.
13.Offences Relating to Marriage.
14.Defamation.
15.Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955.
16.Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961.
17.Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988.
Law of Torts-
1. Nature and definition.
2. Liability based upon fault and strict liability.
3. Vicarious liability including State Liability.
4. General defences.
5. Joint tortfeasors.
6. Remedies.
7. Negligence.
8. Defamation.
9. Nuisance.
10. Conspiracy.
11. False imprisonment.
12. Malicious Prosecution.
13. Consumer Protection Act, 1986.
(Section-B) II. LAW OF CONTRACTS AND MERCANTILE LAW
1. Formation of Contract.
2.Factors vitiating consent.
3.Void, voidable , illegal and unenforceable agreements.
4.Performance and discharge of contracts.
5.Quasi- contracts.
6.Consequences of breach of contract.
7.Contract of Agency.
8.Sale of goods and hire purchase.
9.Formation and dissolution of partnership.
10.Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881.
11.Arbitration and Bonchliation Act, 1986.
Literature of thd followhng langtager-
Note (i) –A candidate may be required to answer some or all the questions in the language concerned.
Note (ii) – In regard to the languages included in the Eighth Schedule to Constitution , the scripts will be the same as indicated in Section II (B) of Appendix I relating to Main Examination.
Note (iii) – Candidates should note that the questions not required to be answered in a specific language will have to be answered in the language medium indicated by them for answering papers on Essay, General Studies and Optional Subjects.

President-elect Obama's Statement on Job Loss

The 533,000 jobs lost last month, the worst job loss in 34 years, is more than a dramatic reflection of the growing economic crisis we face. Each of those lost jobs represents a personal crisis for a family somewhere in America. Our economy has already lost nearly 2 million jobs during this recession, which is why we need an Economic Recovery Plan that will save or create at least 2.5 million more jobs over two years while we act decisively to maintain the flows of credit on which so many American families and American businesses depend. There are no quick or easy fixes to this crisis, which has been many years in the making, and it's likely to get worse before it gets better. But now is the time to respond with urgent resolve to put people back to work and get our economy moving again. At the same time, this painful crisis also provides us with an opportunity to transform our economy to improve the lives of ordinary people by rebuilding roads and modernizing schools for our children, investing in clean energy solutions to break our dependence on imported oil, and making an early down payment on the long-term reforms that will grow and strengthen our economy for all Americans for years to come.

Posting Source : Click Here