ECONOMICS

PART-1 GENERAL ECONOMICS
1.Micro economics – (a) Production : Agents of Production; Costs and Supply; Isoquants.
(b) Consumption and Demand : Elasticity concept (c) Market structure and concepts of equilibrium; (d) Determination of prices ; (e) Components and Theories of Distribution (f) Elementary concepts of Welfare economics : Pareto-optimality- Private and social products consumers surplus.
2.Macro Economics- (a) National Incnme boncdpts ; (b) Ddterlinants nf N`tional Hncole Elploxment (c) Determinants of consumption, savings and investment (d) Rate of Interest and its determination (e) Interest and profit.
3.Money , Banking and Public Finance – (a) Concepts of Money and measures of money supply; Velocity of money (b) Banks and credit creation; Banks and portfolio management . (c) Central Bank and control over money supply (d) Determination of the price level (e) Inflation, its causes and remedies . (f) Public Finance – Budgets – Taxes and non-tax revenues – Types of Budget deficits.
4.International Economics- (a) Theories of International Trade comparative costs – Hecksher- Ohlin- Gains from Trade – Terms of Trade.
(b) Free Trade and Protection
(c) Balance of Payments accounts and Adjustment
(d) Exchange rate under free exchange markets.
(e) Evolution of the International Monetary System and World Trading order Gold Standard – the Brettonwoods system.
IMF and the World Bank and their associates.
Floating rates – GATT and WTO.
5.Growth and Development – (1) Meaning and measurement of growth ; Growth, distribution and Welfare; (2) Characteristics of under- development ; (3) Stages of Development ; (4) Sources of growth – capital , Human capital , population , productivity , Trade and aid , non – economic factors; growth Strategies, (5) Planning in a mixed economy – Indicative planning – Planning and growth.
6.Economic Statistics – Types of averages – measures of dispersion- correlation – Index numbers; types, uses and limitations.
PART – II INDIAN ECONOMICS
1. Main features; Geographic size – Endowment of natural resources, Population ; size , composition quality and growth trend – Occupational distribution – Effects of British Rule with reference to Drain theory and Laissez Faire policy.
2. Major problems , their dimensions , nature and broad causes; Mass poverty- Unemployment and its types – Economics effects of population pressure – Inequality and types thereof Low productivity and low per capita income ,Rural – urban disparities – Foreign Trade and p`yments hmbalancds. Balance nf P`yments `nd Dxternal Debt – Inflation, and parallel economy and its effects – Fiscal deficit.
3. Growth in income and employment since independence – Rate , Pattern, Sectoral trends – Distributional Changes- Regional disparities.
4. Economics Planning in India : Major controversies on planning in India – Alternative strategies- goals and achievements ,shortfalls of different plans- planning and the Market.
5. Broad Fiscal , monetary , industrial trade and agricultural policies – objectives , rationale , constraints and effects.

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCE

PAPER-I
1. Animal Nutrition--Energy sources, energy, metabolism and requirements of maintenance and production of milk ,meat eggs and wool, Evaluation of feeds as sources of energy.
1.1 Trends in protein nutrition :Sources of protein metabolism and synthesis , protein quantity and quality in relation to requirements. Energy protein ratios in ration.
1.2 Minerals in animals diet : Sources, functions , requirements and their relationship of the basic minerals nutrients including trace elements.
1.3 Vitamins , Hormones and Growth Stimulating ,substances : Sources, functions, requirements and inter – relationship with minerals.
1.4 Advances in Ruminant Nutrition – Dairy Cattle : Nutrients and their metabolism with reference to milk production and its composition , Nutrient requirement for calves, heifers, dry and milking cows and buffaloes. Limitations of various feeding systems.
1.5 Advances in Non- Ruminant Nutrition – Poultry- Nutrients and their
metabolism with reference to poultry ,meat and egg production Nutrients requirements and feed formulation and broilers of different ages.
1.6 Advances in Non – Ruminant Nutrition – Swine- Nutrhentr and thdir letabolirm whth rpechal referencd to growth and quality of meat production . Nutrient requirement and feed formulation for baby-growing and finishing pigs.
1.7 Advances in Applied Animal Nutrition – A critical review and evaluation of feeding experiments , digestibility and balance studies. Feeding standards and measures of food energy. Nutrition requirements for growth, maintenance and production . Balanced rations.
2.Animal Physiology :
2.1 Growth and Animal Production- Prenatal and postnatal growth , maturation , growth curves, measures of growth , factors affecting growth , conformation , body composition , meat quality.
2.2 Milk Production and Reproduction and Digdstinn- Burrdnt rtatts of hormon`l cnntrnl of malmarx development , milk secretion and milk ejection . Male and Female reproduction organ , their components and function . Digestive organs and their functions.
2.3 Environmental Physiology – Physiological relations and their regulation ; mechanisms of adaptation , environmental factors and regulatory mechanism involved in animal behaviour , methods of controlling climatic stress.
2.4 Semen Quality – Preservation and Artificial Insemination- Components of semen , composition of spermatozoa, chemical and physical properties of ejaculated semen, factors affection semen in vivo and in vitro. Factors affecting semen production and quality preservation, composition of diluents, sperm concentration, transport of diluted semen. Deep Freezing techniques in cows, sheep and goats , swine and poultry.
Detection of oestrus and time of insemination for better conception.
3.Livestock Production and Management. Livestock Production and Management
3.1 Commercial Dairy Farming – Comparison of dairy farming in India with advanced countries . Dairying under fixed farming and as a specialized farming , economic dairy farming , Starting of a dairy farm. Capital and land requirement , organisation of dairy farm.
Procurement of goods; opportunities in dairy farming , factors determining the efficiency of dairy animal, Herd recording , budgeting , cost of milk production; pricing pnlicx; Pdrsonnel Man`gemdnt . Developing Prabtic`l and Economic ration for dairy cattle ; Supply of greens throughout the year, filed and fodder requirements of Dairy Farm. Feeding regimes for day and young stock and bulls, heifers and breeding animal’s new trends in feeding young and stock and adult stock; Feeding records.
3.2 Commercial meat. egg and wool production : Development of practical and economic rations for sheep, goats, pigs, rabbits and poultry Supply of greens, fodder, feeding regimens for young and mature stock. New trends in enhancing production and management . Capital and land requirements and socio-economic concept.
3.3 Feeding and management of anhmalr under droufht ,flond and other nattral calamities.
4. Genetics and Animal Breeding – Genetics and Animal Breeding-- Mitosis and Meiosis; Mendelian inheritance , deviations to Mendelian genetics; Expression of genes; Linkage and crossing over, Sex determination , sex influenced and sex limited characters ; Blood groups and polymorphism ; Chromosome aberrations; Gene and its structure ;DNA as a genetic material ; Genetic code and protein synthesis ; Recombinant DNA technology , Mutations , type of mutations, methods for detecting mutations and mutation rate.
4.1 Population Genetics Applied to Animal Breeding-Quantitative Vs. qualitative traits; Hardy Weinberg Law; Population Vs. individual; Gene and genotypic frequency; Forces changing gene frequency; Random drift and small populations ; Theory of path coefficient; Inbreeding ; methods of estimating inbreeding coefficient, system of inbreeding; Effective population size; Breeding value estimation of breeding value. dominance and epistatic deviation; partitioning of variation ; Genotype X environment correlation and genotype X environment interaction ; Role of multiple measurements; Resemblance between relatives.
4.2 Breeding Systems---Breeding Systems- Heritability; repeatability and genetic and phenotypic correlations , their methods of estimation and precision of estimates; Aids to selection and their relative merits; Individual , pedigree , family and with in family selection; Progeny testing : Methods of selection Construction of selection indices and their uses; Comparative evaluation of genetic gains through various selection methods; Indirect selection and Correlated response; inbreeding , upgrading, cross-breeding and synthesis of breeds; Crossing of inbred lines for commercial production; Selection for general and specific combining ability ; Breeding for threshold character.
PAPER --II
1.Health and Hygiene
1.1 Histology and Histological Techniques - Stains – Chemical classification of stains used in biological work- principles of staining tissues-mordants – progressive & regressive stains – differential staining of cytoplasmic and connective tissue elements – Methods of preparation and processing of tissues- celloidin embedding – Freezing microtomy-Microscopy – Bright field microscope and electron microsope. Cytology structure of cell , organells & inclusions; cell division – cell types . Tissues and their classification – embryonic and adult tissues-Comparative histology of organs- vascular, nervous digestive , respiratory musculo-skeletal and urogenital systems- Endocrine glands- Integuments-sense organs.
1.2 Embryology-- Embryology of vertebrates with special reference to aves and domestic mammals-gametogenesis – fertilization –germ layers-foetal membranes & placentation – types of placenta in domestic mammals- Teratology- twinning – organogenesis- germ layer derivatives endo dermal, mesodermal and ectodermal derivatives.
1.3 Bovine Anatomy – Regional Anatomy- paranasal sinuses of OX- surface anatomy of salivary glands. Regional anatomy of infraorbital, maxillary mandibuloalveolar, mental & coronal nerve black-regional, anatomy of paravertebral nerves, pudental nerve, median, ulnar & radial nerves-tibial, fibular and digital nerve, Cranial-structures involver in epidural anaesthesia-superficial lymph oodes-surface anatomy of visceral organs of thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities comparative fdatures nf lncomntor app`ratts and their application in the chomebhanhcs nf m`mmalian bodx.
1.4 Anatomy of Fowls- Musbulo,skeletal skeletal system- functional anatomy in relation to respiration and flying , digestion and egg production.
1.5 Physiology of blood and its circulation , respiration; excretion, Endocrine glands in health and disease.
1.5.1. Blood constituents- Properties and functions –blood cell formation –Haemoglobin synthesis and chemistry –plasma proteins production , classification and properties ; coagulation of blood ; Haemorrhagic disorders –anticoagulants –blood groups-Blood volume –plasma expanders-Buffer systems in blood . Biochemical tests and their significance in disease diagnosis .
1.5.2. Circulation – Physiology of heart , cardiac cycle –heart sounds ,heart beat , electrocardiograms , Work `and efficiency of heart –effect of ions on heart function –metabolism of cardiac muscle ,nervous and chemical regulation of heart ,effect of temperature and stress on heart ,blood pressure and hypertension . Osmotic regulation arterial pulse ,vasomotor regulation of circulation shock .Coronary & pulmonary circulation –Blood Brain barrier Cerebrospinal fluid –circulation in birds .
1.5.3. Respiration – Mechanism of respiration ,Transport and exchange of gases –neural control of respiration – chemoreceptors-hypoxia –respiration in birds .
1.5.4. Excretion – Structure and function of kidney- formation of urine methods of studying renal function- renal regulation of acid- base balance; physiological constituents of urine – renal failure-passive venous congestion – Urinary recreation in chicken- Sweat glands and their function . Biochemical tests for urinary dysfunction.
1.5.5 Endocrine glands- Functional disorders, their symptoms and diagnosis Synthesis of hormones, mdchanism and control of recrdtion-hormon`l rdceptors, cl`ssification and function.
1.6. General knowledge of pharmacology and therapeutics of drugs- Celluar level of pharmacodynamics and pharmaco-kinetics- Drugs acting on fluids and electrolyte balance, drugs acting on Autonomic nervous system – Modern cnncepts nf anaesthesha and dhssobiathve `naerthetics, Autocohds – Antimicrobials and principles of chemotherapy in microbial injections-use of hormones in therapeutics – chemotherapy of parasitic infections- Drug and economic persons in the Edible tissues of animals- chemotherapy of Neoplastic diseases .
1.7. Veterinary Hygiene with reference to water , air and habitation- Assessment of pollution of water , air and soil-importance of climate in animals health – effect of environement on animal function and performance – relationship for specific categories of domestic animals viz . pregnant cows & sows, milking cows, broiler birds- stress, strain & productivity in relation to animals habitation.
2. Animal Diseases :
2.1. Pathogenesis, symptoms , postmortem lesions, diagnosis and control of infection diseases of cattle, pigs and poultry , horses, sheep and goats.
2.2. Etiology , symptoms , diagnosis , treatment of production diseases of cattle pig and poultry.
2.3. Deficiency diseases of domestic animals and birds.
2.4. Diagnosis and treatment of non- specific condition like impaction , Bloat , Diarrhoea, Indigestion, dehydration, stroke, poisioning .
2.5. Diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders.
2.6. Principal and methods of immunization of animals against specific diseases – hard immunity – disease free zone – zero disease concept chemo- prophylaxis.
2.7. Anaesthesia-local , regional and general- preanaesthetic medication, symptoms and surgical interference in fractures and dislocation, Hernia, choking, abomassal displacement- Caesarian operations, Rumenotomy-Castrations.
2.8. Disease investigation techniques- Materials fnr l`bor`torx investhgathon – Establhshmdnt @nim`l Hdalth Centres-Disease free Zone.
3. Veterinary Public Health :
3.1 Zoonoses – Classification , definition; role of animals and birds in prevalence and transmission of zoonotic diseases- occupational zoonotic diseases.
3.2 Epidemiology- Principle , definition nf epidermiologibal termr , `pplhcathon nf epidermiologibal leasures in the study of diseases and disease control , Epidermiological features of air , water and food borne infections.
3.3 Veterinary jurisprudence- Rule and Regulation for improvement of animal quality and prevention of animal diseases- state and control . Rule for prevention of animal and animal product borne diseases S.P.C.A.- Veterolegal cases- certificates- Materials and Methods of collection of samples for veterolegal investigation.
4. Milk and Milk products Technology :
4.1 Milk Technology- Organization of rural milk procurement, collection and transport of raw milk .
Quality, testing and grading raw milk , Quality storage grades of whole milk , Skimmed milk and cream.
Processing , packaging ,storing ,distributing , marketing defects and their control and nutritive properties of the following milks; Pasteurized , standardized , toned ,double toned, sterilized , homogenized , reconstituted , recombined and flavoured milk , Preparation of cultured milk, cultures and their management , youghurt , Dahi, Lassi and Srikhand, Preparation of flavoured and sterilized milks. Legal standards, Sanitation requirement for clean and safe milk and for the milk plant equipment.
4.2 Milk Products Technology – Selection of raw materials , assembling, production , processing ,storing , distributing and marketing milk products such as Butter , Ghee , Khoa, Channa, Cheese; Condenses, evaporated , dried milk and baby food; Icecream and Kulfi; by products; whey products , butter milk, lactose and casein . Testing , Grading , judging milk products- BIS and Agmark specifications , legal standards ,quality control nutritive properties. Packaging ,processing and opdrathonal control Corts.
5. Meat Hygiene and Technology :
5.1 Meat Hygiene :
5.1.1 Ante mortem care and management of food animals, stunning , slaughter and dressing operations ; abattoir requirements and designs; Meat inspection procedures and judgement of carcass meat cuts-drading of carcass meat cuts- dutier and functinns nf Vdterhnarhans in Vhnldsomd me`t produbtion.
5.1.2 Hygidnic methods of handling producthon nf mdat-rpoilage of leat and control measures – post slaughter physicochemical change in meat and factors that influence them- Quality improvement methods- Adulteration of meat and defection – Regulatory provisions in Meat trade and Industry.
5.2. Meat Technology :
5.2.1 Physical and chemical characteristics of meat-meat emulsions methods of preservation of meat –curing , canning , irradiation , packaging of meat and meat products; meat products and formulations .
5.3 Byproducts- Slaughter house by products and their utilization- Edible and inedible byproducts- social and economic implications of proper utilization of slaughter house byproducts- Organ products for food and pharmaceuticals.
5.4 Poultry Products Technology- Chemical composition and nutritive value of poultry meat, pre slaughter care and management. Slaughtering techniques, inspection , preservation meat, and products. Legal and BIS standards.
Structure , composition and nutritive value of eggs. Microbial spoilage. Preservation and maintenance. Marketing of poultry meat, eggs and products.
5.5. Rabbit/Fur Animal farming- Care and management of rabbit meat production. Disposal and utilization of fur and wool and recycling of waste byproducts. Grading of wool.
6.Extension – Basic philosophy, objectives, concept and principle of extension . Different Methods adopted to educate farmers under rural conditions. Generation of technology, its transfer and feedback. Problems of constraints in transfer of technology. Animal husbandry programmes for rural development.

AGRICULTURE

PAPER-I

Ecology and its relevance to man, natural resources, their sustainable management and conservation. Physical and social environment as factors of crop distribution and production. Climatic elements as factors of crop growth, impact of changing environment on cropping pattern as indicators of environments. Environmental pollution and associated hazards to crops, animals and humans Cropping patterns in different agro- climatic zones of the country. Impact of high- yielding and short-duration varieties on shifts in cropping patterns. concepts of multiple cropping, multistory, relay and inter-cropping and their importance in relation to food production. package of practices for production of importance cereals, pulses, oil seeds, fibres, sugar, commercial and fodder crops grown during Kharif and Rabi seasons in different regions of the country.

Important features, scope and propagation of various types of forestry plantations such as extension, social forestry, agro-forestry and natural forests.

Weeds, their characteristics, dissemination and association with various crops; their multiplications; cultural, biological and chemical control of weeds.

Soil-physical, chemical and biological properties. Processes and factors of soil formation. Modern classification of indian soils. mineral and organic constituents of soils and their role in maintaining soil productivity. Essential plant nutrients and other beneficial elements in soils and plants. principles of soils fertility and its evaluation for judicious fertiliser use, integrated nutrient management. Losses of nitrogen in soil, nitrogen use efficiency in submerged rice soils, nitrogen fixation in soils. Fixation of phosphorus and potassium in soils and the scope for their efficient use. Problem soils and their reclamation methods.

Soil conservation planning on watershed basis. Erosion and run-off management in hilly, foot hills and valley lands; processes and factors affecting them. Dryland agriculture and its problems.Technology of stabilising agriculture production in rainfed agriculture area.

Water-use efficiency in relation to crop production, criteria for scheduling irrigations, ways and means of reducing run-off losses of irrigation water. Drip and sprinkler irrigation. Drainage of water-logged soils, quality of irrigation water, effect of industrial effluents on soil and water pollution.

Farm management, scope, importance and characteristics, farm planning. Optimum resources use and budgeting. Economics of different types of farming systems.

Marketing and pricing of agricultural inputs and outputs, price fluctuations and their cost; role of co-operatives in agricultural economy; types and systems of farming and factors affecting them.

Agricultural exetension. its importance and role, methods of evaluation of exetension programmes. socio- economic survey and status of big, small and marginal farmers and landless agricultural labourers; farm mechanization and its role in agricultural production and rural employment. Training programmes for exetension workers; lab- to - land programmmes.

PAPER II

Cell Theory , cell structure, cell organelles and their function , cell division , nucleic acids- structure and function , gene structure and function. Laws of heredity , their significance in plant breeding . Chromosome strucuure , chromosomal aberrations , linkage and cross-over and their significance in recombination breeding . Polyploidy,!euploid and euploids . Mutation micro and macro- and their role in crop improvdment . Vari`thon , bolpnndnts of vari`thon . Heritability , sterility and incompatibility classification and their application in crop improvement . Cytoplasmic inheritance , sex-linked , sex – influenced and sex- limited characters.
History of plan breeding . Modes of reproduction , selfing and crossing techniques. Origin and evolution of crop plants, centre of origin , law of homologous series , crop genetic resources- conservation and utilization. Application of principles of plant breeding to the improvement of major field crops. Pure- line selection, pedigree , mass and recurrent selections combining ability , its significance in plant breeding . Hybrid vifour and its exploit`tion, b`ckcross method nf breedhng , brdeding for disease and pest resistance, role of interspecific and intergeneric hybridization. Role of biotechnology in plant breeding . Improved varieties , hybrids, composites of various crop plants.
Seed technology , its importance. Different kinds of seeds and their seed production and processing techniques. Role of public and private sectors in seed production processing and marketing in India.
Physiology and its significance in agriculture. Imbibition , surface tension , diffusion and osmosis Absorption and translocation of water , transpiration and water economy.
Enzymes and plant pigments; photosynthesis- modern concepts and factors affecting the process , aerobic and non – aerobic respiration; C,C and CAM mechanisms; Carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism.
Growth and development; photoperiodism and vernalization . Auxins, hormones and other plant regulators and their mechanism of action and importance in agriculture . Physiology of seed development and germination ; dormancy.
Climatic requirements and cultivation of major fruits , plants , Vegetable crops and flower plants; the package of practices and their scientific basic . Handling and marketing problems of fruits and vegetables. Principal methods of preservation of important fruits and vegetable products, processing techniques and equhpment .Role of frtits and vdgdt`ble in hulan nutrhthon. R`ising of ornamental plants and design and layout of lawns and gardens.
Diseases and pests of field vegetable , orchard and plantation crops of India . Causes and classification of plants pests and diseases. Principles of control of plant pests and diseases. Biological control of pests and diseases. Integrated pest and disease management . Epidemiology and forecasting .
Pesticides , their formulations and modes of action . Compatibility with rhizobial inoculants. Microbial toxins.
Storage pests and diseases of cereals and pulses and their control.
Food production and consumption trends in India . National`nd hnternathonal fond pnliches. Producthon , prncurdment , distribution and processing constraints . Relation of food production to national dietary pattern, major deficiencies of calorie and protein.

ENGLISH AND INDIAN LANGUAGES

The aim of the paper is to test the candidate's ability to read and understand serious discursive prose, and to express his ideas clearly and correctly, in English/Indian language concerned. The pattern of questions would be broadly as follows:

(1) Comprehension of given passages

(2) Precis Writing

(3) Usage and Vacabulary

(4) Short Essay Indian Languages--------

(1) Comperhension of given passages.

(2) Precis Writing.

(3) Usage and Vacabulary.

(4) Short Essay.

(5) Translation fron English to the Indian Language and vice-versa.

Note 1. - The papers on Indian Language and vace-versa. Matriculationor equivalent standard and wiil be of qualifying nature only.The marks obtained in these papers will not be counted for ranking.

Note 2.- The candidates will have to answer the english and Indian Languages papers in English and the respective Indian Language (except where translation is involved). ESSAY Candidates will be required to write an essay on a specific topic. The choice of subjects will be given. They will be expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in ordely fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will de given for effective and exact expression.

GENERAL STUDIES

The nature and standard of questions in these papers will be such that a well - educated person will be able to answer them without any specialized study . The question will be able to test a candidate' s general awareness of a variety of subjects, which will have relevance for a career in Civil Services.

PAPER - I

(A) History of Modern India and Indian Culture-- The History of Modern India will cover history of the Country from about the middle of nineteenth century and wouly also include questions on important personalities who shaped the Freedom Movement and Social reforms. The part relating to Indian Culture will cover all aspects of Indian Culture from the ancient to modern times.

(B) Geography of India - In this part, question will be on the physical, econmin and social geography of times.

(C) Indian Politics - This pert will incflude questions on the Constitution of India, Political system and related matters .

(D) Current National issues and topics of social relevance- This pant is intended to test the Candidate' s awareness of current national issues and topics of social relevance bin the present-day India, such as the following:

Demography & Human Resource & related issuse. Behavioral & Social issues& Social Welfare problems, such as child labour, gender equality , adult literacy, rehabititation of the handicapped and other deprived segments of the society, drug abuse, public health etc.

Law enforcement issues, human rights, corruption in public life, communal harmony etc. Internal Security and related issues.

Environmental issues, ecological preservation, conservation of natural resources and national heritage. The role of national institutions, their relevance and need for change.

PAPER - II

(A) India and the World - This part is intended to test candidate ' awareness of India' s relationship with the world in various spheres, such as the following - Foreign Affairs; External Security and related matters; Nuclear Policy; Indians abroad

(B) Indian Economy - In this part, questions will be no the planning and economic development in India, economic & trade issues, Foreign Trade, the role and functions of I.MF. world Bank, W.T.O. etc. (C) International Affairs & Institutions - This part will include questions on important events in world affairs and on international institutions.

(D) Developments in the field of science & technology, communications and space -In this part, questions will test the candidate' s awareness of the developments in the field of science & technology, communications and space and also basic ideas of computers.

(E) Statistical analysis, graphs and diagrams - This part will include exercises to test the candidate' s ability to draw common sense conclusions from information presented in statistical, graphical or diagrammatical form and to point out deficiencies, limitations or inconsistencies therein.

CAT Examination Pattern

CAT Examination:
The Common Admission Test (CAT): The Common Admission Test (CAT) is conducted by the Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) and is the first step in the process of seeking admission to the IIMs. The CAT is considered as one of the most important national standard. Apart from the Indian Institutes of Management over 40 other Management Institutes use the CAT for short listing candidates.
Pattern:
CAT has the widest coverage in:
Quantitative
Verbal
Reasoning areas of testing.Duration is generally of 2 hoursQuestions: with number of questions normally ranging from 120 to 150.
CAT 2006 PATTERN:CAT 2006 Pattern:CAT 2006 witnessed a drastic change in pattern with 75 questions and increase in the exam time by half an hour.Negative Marking: Wrong answers carried 1 mark as penalty whereas correct answers carried 4 marks. Proficiency in all the sections is essential for getting a call from any of the IIMs.There was a talk that CAT 2006 may have Four Sections instead of 3 Sections. However CAT notification as well as the CAT 2006 bulletin, you will find CAT is a three-section paper this year too. CAT is divided into three sections: English Usage, Quantitative Ability (Maths) and Data Interpretation & Logical Ability.
MBA CAT Pattern:The pattern of this test has often been changed in the past.

2005 test included the following: three sections -

data interpretation / reasoning, quantitative analysis, and reading, comprehension/verbal ability.

Duration: 2 hoursTotal number of questions: 90

Total marks: 150

Negative marking: 1/3 of the marks allotted to a question is docked if the answer is wrongDI/Reasoning

Number of questions: 30

Marks: 50

Quantitative Analysis Number of questions: 30

Marks: 50

Reading Comprehension/Verbal ability Number of questions: 30

Marks: 50

For any query CAT EXAM related mailed to :

examinindia@gmail.com

AGRA UNIVERSITY RESULT

Dr Bhim Rao Ambedkar University, Agra
For Result Click Here

ZOOLOGY

I. Cell structure and function:
(a) Prokaryote and eukaryote.
(b) Structure of animal cell, structures and functions of cell organelles.
(c) Cell cycle-mitosis, meiosis.
(d) Structure and contents of nucleus including ntcle`r mdmbr`ne, strtcture of
chrnmosnme `nd gene, chemistry of genetic components.
(e) Mendel’s laws of inheritance, linkage and genetic recombination; cytoplasmic
inheritance.
(f) Function of gene: replication, transcription and translation; mutations(spnntaneour
and arthfichal): Rebombhnant DN@: princhple and application.
(g) Sex determination in Drosophila and man; sex linkage in man.
II. Systematics:
(a) Classification of non-chordates(up to sub-classes) and chordates (up to orders) giving
general features and evolutionary relationship of the following phyla:
Protozoa, Porifera, Coelenterata, Platyhelminthes, Nematheliminthes, Annelida
Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Minor Phyla(Bryozoa, Phoronida and
Chaetognatha) and Hemichordata.
(b) Structure reprocuction and life history of the following types:
Amoeba, Monocystis, Plasmodium, Paramecium, Sycon, Hydra ,Obelia, Fasciola,
Taenia, Ascaris, Neanthes, Pheretima, Hirudinia, Palaemon, Buthus, Periplaneta,
Lamellidens, Pila, Asterias and Balanoglossus.
(c) Classification of chordates(up to orders), giving general features and evolutionary
relationship of the following:
Protochordata; Agnatha; Gnathostomata-Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and
Mammalia.
(d) Comparative functional anatomy of the following based on type animals(Scoliodon,
Rana, Calotes, Columba and Oryctolagus): integument and its derivatives,
endoskeleton, digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system including
heart and aortic arches, urinogenital system, brain and sense organs(eye and ear);
endocrine glands and other hormone producing structures, (Pitutary, thyroid,
parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads) their function.
III. Vertebrate Physiology and Biochemistry:
(a) Chemical composition of protoplasm; nature and function of enzymes; vitamins, their
Sources and role; colloids and hydrogen ion concentration; biological oxidathon,
elebtron tr`nspnrt `nd role of @TP, enefetibs, flycolysis, citric acid cycle; vertebrate
hormones: their types, sources and functions; pheromones and their role.
(b) Neuron and nerve impulse-conduction and transmission across synapses;
neurotransmitters `nd their role, hncltdinf acdtyl cholinerter`se `ctivity.
(c( Homeostatis; osmoregulation; active transport and ion pump.
(d) Composition of carbohydrates, fats, lipids and proteins; steroids.
IV. Embryology:
(a) Gametogenesis, fertilization, cleavage; gastrulation in frog and chick.
(b) Metamorphosis in frog and retrogressive metamorphosis in ascidian;
extra-embryonic membranes in chick and mammal; placentation in mammals;
Bio-genetic law.
V. Evolution:
(a) Origin of life; principles; theories and evidences of evolution; species concept.
(b) Zoogeographical realms, insular fauna; geological eras.
(c) Evolution of man; evolutionary status of man.
VI. Ecology, Wildlife and Ethology:
(a) Abiotic and biotic factors; concept of ecosystem, food chain and energy flow;
adaptation of aquatic, terrestrial and aerial fauna; intra-and inter-specific animal
relationships; environmental pollution: Types, sources, causes, control and
prevention.
(b) Wildlife of India; endangered species of India; sanctuaries and national parka of
India.
(c) Biological rhythms.
VII. Economic Zoology:
(a) Beneficial and harmful insects including insect vectors of human diseases.
(b) Industrial fish, prawn and molluscs of India.
(c) Non-poisonous and poisonous snakes of India.
(d) Venomous animals-centipede, wasp, honey bee.
(e) Diseases caused by aberrant chromosomes/genes in man; genetic counseling; DNA as a tool for forensic investigation.

STATISTICS

Probability - Random experiment, sample space, event, algebra of events, prob`bilhty nn a disbretd salple spabe, basib thdorels of prnbability and simple examples based thereon, conditional probability of an event, independent events, Bayer’s theorem and its application, discrete and continuous random variables and their distributions, expectation, moments, loment gdner`tinf functinn, joint dirtributinn, nf tvo or more random variables, marginal and conditional distributions, independence of random variables, covariance, correlation, coefficient, distribution function of random variables. Bernoulli, binomial, geometric, negative binomial, hypergeometric, Poisson, multinomial, uniform, beta, exponential, gamma, Cauchy, normal, longnormal, and bivariate normal distributions, real-life situations where these distributions provide appropriate models, Chebyshev’s inequality, weak law or large numbers and central limit theorem for independent and identically distributed random variables with finite variance and their simple applications.
Statistical Methods - Concept of a statistical population and a sample, types of data, presentation and summarization of data, measures of central tendency, dispersion, skewness and kurtosis, measures of association and contingency, correlation, rank correlation, interclass correlation, correlation ratio, and multiple linear regression, multiple and partial correlations(involving three variables only), curve-fitting and principle of least squares, concepts of random sample, parameter and statistic, Z, X2,t and F statistics and their properties and applications, distribution of sample range and median(for continuous distributions only), censored sampling(concept and illustrations).
Statistical Inference - Unbiasedness, consistency, efficiency, sufficiency, Completenes, minimum variance unbiased estimation, Rao-Blackwell theorem, Lehmann-Scheffe theorem, Cramer-Rao inequality and minimum variance bound estimator, moments maximum likelihood, least squares and minimum chisquare methods of estimation, properties of maximum likelihood and other estimators, ide` of a r`ndol interv`l, bonfhdenbe intervals for the par`metdrs of standard distributions, shortest confidence intervals, large-sample confidence intervals.Simple and composite hypotheses, two kinds of errors, level of significance, size and power of a test desirable properties of a gnod test, mort pnwerful test, Nexman Pearson lemla and its ure in simple example, uniformly most powerful test, likelihood ratio test and its properties and applications.
Chi-square test, sign test, Wald-Wolfowitz runs test, run tset for randomness, median test, Wilcoxon test and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test.
Wal’s sequential probability ratio test, OC and ASN functions, application to binomial and normal distributions.
Loss function, risk function, minimax and Bayes rules.
Sampling Theory and Design Of Experiments - Complete enumeration vs. sampling, need for sampling, basic concepts in sampling, designing large-scale surveys, sampling and non-sampling errors, simple random sampling, properties of a good estimator; estimation of sample size, stratified random sampling, systematic sampling cluster sampling, ratio and regression methods of estimation under simple and stratified random sampling, double sampling for ratio and regression methods of estimation, two-stage sampling with equal-size first-stage units.

Analysis of variance with equal number of observations per cell in one,two and three way classifications, analysis of covariance in one and two-way classifications, basic principles of experimental designs completely randomized design, randomized block design, Latin square design, missing plot technique, 2n factorial design, total and partial confounding, 32 factorial experiments, split-plot design and balanced incomplete block design.

SOCIOLOGY

Unit I Indian : Basic Concepts :
Society , Community , association , institution .Culture- culture change, diffusion , Cultural tag, Cultural relativism , ethnocentrism, abculturation .
Social Groups-primary, secondary and reference groups.
Social structure , social system ,social action.
Status and role, role conflict , role set.
Norms and values- conforlity and devhancd.
L`w and ctstols.
Rocin-!ctltural procdsses:
Socialisation, assimilation , integration cooperation competition , conflict , accommodation , Social distance , relative deprivation.
Unit II : Marriage, Family and Kinship :
Marriage : types and norms, marriage as contract and as a sacrament .
Family : type , functions and changes.
Kinships : terms and usages, rules of residence , descent , inheritance .
Unit III : Social Stratification :
Forms and functions ; Caste and Class. Jajmani system , purity and pollution, dominant caste , sanskritisation.
Unit IV : Type of Society :
Tribal , agrarian, industrial and post- industrial.
Unit V : Economy and Society :
Man , nature and social production , economic systems of simple and complex societies , non –economic determinants of economic behaviour, market (free) economy and controlled (planned) economy.
Unit VI : Industrial and Urban Society :
Rural- Urban Continuum , urban growth and urbanization – town , city and metropolis; basic features of industrial society ; impact of automation on society ; industrialization and environment .
Unit VII : Social Demography :
Population size , growth ,composition and distribution in India; components of population growth – births, deaths and migration ; causes and consequences of population growth ; population and social development ; population policy .
Unit VIII : Political Processes :
Power , authority and legitimacy ; political socialization; political modernization pressure groups; caste and politics.
Unit IX : Weaker Sections and Minorities :
Social justice- equal opportunity and special opportunity ; protective discrimination ; constitutional safeguards.
Unit X : Social Change :
Theories of change ; factors of change; science , technology and change.
Social Movements , Peasant Movement ,Women’s Movement , Backward Caste Movement , Dalit Movement .

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

1. Introduction - Meaning ; scope and significance. Evolution and status of the discipline . Cimparative Public Administration and Development Administration . Public and Private Administration : State versus market debate . New Public Administration . New Public . Management perspective.
2. Basic concept and principles : Organisation , hierarchy, Unity of command Span of control , Authority and Responsibility , Co- ordination, Centralization and Decentralization , Delegation , Supervision , Line and Staff.
3. Theories of Administration : Scientific Management (Taylor and the Scientific Management ) , Classical Theory (Fayol , Urwick , Gullik and others) Bureaucratic Theory (Weber `nd his brithcs). Iddas nf M`ry Parkdr Fnllett and CH Barnard ; Human Relations School (Elton Mayo and others). Behavioural Approach , Systems approach.
4. Administrative Behaviour : Decision making with special reference to H Simon, communication and control , leadership theories . Theories of motivation (Maslow and Herzberg(.
5. Acbountability and Control : The cnncept of Acbountability and control : Legislative , executive and judicial control . Citizen and Administration : Role of civil society . people 's participation and Right to Information.
6. Administrative Systems : Comparative administrative features of USA, Great Britain , France and Japan.
7. Personnel Administration : Role of Civil Service in developing societies ; position , classification , Recruitment ,Training , Promotion , Pay and Service conditions .Relations with the Political Executive ; Administrative Ethics.
8. Financial Administration : Budget : Concepts and forms . Formulation and execution of budget , deficit financing and public debt, Accounts and Audit.
9. Union Government and Administration in India , British legacy : Constitutional context of Indian Administration ; The President , Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers ; Central Secretariat; Cabinet Secretariat , Prime Minister’s Office , Planning Commission ; Finance Commission ; Election Commission ; Comptroller and Auditor – General of India . Public enterprises : Patterns , role performance and impact of liberalization.
10. Civil Services in India : Recruitment to All India and Central Service . Union Public Service Commission ; Training of Civil Servants. Generalists and Specialists . Minister- Civil Servant relationship.
11. State and District Administration : Governor, Chief Minister, Secretariat ,Chief Secretary , Directorates , District Collector : changing role.
12. Local Government : Panchayati Raj and Urban local Government : Main features ,structures , finances and problem areas . 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments.

PSYCHOLOGY

1.Introduction to Psychology: Concept and definition of psychology . Nature and Scope. Branches of psychology. Application of psychology to society and social problems.
2. Methods in Psychology: Characteristics of psychological studies, Observation . Survey method, Clinical and case study method . Experimental method. Application of the method.
3. Quantitive Analysis: Measures of central tendency and dispersion . Correlation . Levels of measurement . Reliability and validity . Application in test construction.
4. Physiological Psychology: Structure of neuron, nerve impulses, synapse and neurotransmitters. Central and peripheral nervous system. Structure and neural control of behaviour. Application of hemispheric knowledge to diagnostic purposes.

5. Development of human behaviour : Individual Differences : Heredity and environment . Life span development . Role of early experience and mastering of developmental tasks . Sensitive of critical periods of development in human life cycle and its application.
6. Perception : Perceptual process . Perceputal organization . perception of from , colour , depth and time . Perceptual readiness and constancy . Role of motivation , social and cultur`l f`ctors in perception . Applibatinn of knnwledge of perception to skill development (e.g. for certain jobs like that of driving , airline pilots etc.)
7. Learning : Classical conditioning and operant conditioning . Modeling and observational learning .Transfer of training . Learning and motivation . Application of the above to the improvement of academic performance in education.
8. Memory : Physiological basic of memory . Memory and forgetting . Measurement of memory (Recall , Recognition , Relearning ). Short term and long term memory. Theories of forgetting (Decay and Interference theories and Repressive forgetting ). Application of Mnemonic devices etc, to improving memory.
9. Cognition and Language : Concept of formation . Nature and development of thinking . Language and thought and acquisition of language . Problem solving . Creative thinking and its applications.
10. Intelligence and Aptitude : Definition and concept . Theories and models of Intelligence . Measurement of intelligence and aptitude . Exceptional intelligence . Mental retardation . Concepts of multiple. Emotional and artificial intelligence and their application .
11. Motivation and Emotion : Definition and concept of instinct needs, drives and motives . Theories of motivation and their application (drive reduction theory, Maslow ‘s motivational hierarchy ). Social motivation : Achievement , Power affiliation motives and influence of early experiences . Physiological basic of emotion . Theories of emotion (James – Lange and Cannon – Brad theory , cognitive physiological theory).
12. Personality : Concept and definition of personality . Study of personality (Trait, type and eclectic approaches ) Development of personality (Freud , Erikson , Biological and socio- cultural determinants ). Measurement of personality (Projective tests, pencil – paper tests). Application of personality profiles in fitting a person to a job.
13. Adjustment and Stress : Concept and definition . Factors affecting adjustment (frustration and conflict ). Sources of rtrers and rdacthons to rtrers. Boping whth rtrers. Application management techniques.
14. Social Behaviour : Socio –cultural factors and behaviour . Development of attitudes , stereotypes and prejudice , Measurement of Attitudes (Thurstone , Likert attitude scale and Bogardus Social Distance scale ). Strategies for reducing prejudice and changing attitude . Person perception , implict personality theory and integrating impressions . Application of person perception to impression management.
15. Application of Psychology : Health and mental health (yoga, meditation and relaxation therapies). Education (Programmed learning , self – instructional learning and learning styles). Community (self- help through group cohesiveness and leadership ). Industry (Assessment centre approach in selection , recruitment and training ). Environment (man –nature interaction, personal space concept , pollution reduction Information technology (Application to commercial , educational and health areas).

POLITICAL SCIENCE

SECTION – A
1. Political Science: Nature & scope of the discipline , relationship with allied disciplines like History , Economics , Philosophy , Sociology , Psyshology.
2. Meaning of Politics: Approaches to the study of Politics.
3. Key Concepts: State, Soceity, Sovereignty , Power, Citizenship , Nation , Global order and Imperialism.
4. Political Ideas : Rights, Liberty, Equality Justice, Rule of Law. Civil Society Swaraj , Revolution , Democratic Participation.
5. Democracy: Meaning and Theories of Democracy, Electoral system, Forms of Representation & Participation , Political accountability.
6. Political Ideologies: Liberalism , Neoliberalism, Marxism, Socialism, Fascism ,Gandhism .
7. Party System and Political Process: Therories or Party System, National and regional parties , political parties in the Third World . Patterms of coalition politics , interest and pressure groups.
8. Forms of Government: Parliamentary and presidential . Federal & unitary modes of decentralization.
9. Bureaucracy Concept: Theories, Weber and critiques of bureaucracy.
10.Theories of Development: Meaning and various approaches. Concept and Theories of underdevelopment Debates; in the Third World.
11. Social Movements: Meaning , Theories & Forms, Role of Environmental Feminist Peasant & Workers movements , Role of Non Government organization.
12. Nationalism and Internationalism:
13. Major theories of International relations: Realist Marxist, Systems & Decision making & Game theory.
14. State & the Global order: neo – Liberalism, globalization , structural adjustment , regional economic integration , Nature and Impact of globalization.

SECTION-B
INDIAN GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
1. Approaches to the study of Governments: Comparative historical, legal institutional , political economy and political sociology , approaches.
2. Classification of Political systems: Democratic and Authoritarian, characteristics of Political system in the third world.
3. Typologies of constitution : Basic feature of these constitutions & governments: including U.K., USA, Farnce , Germany, China and South Africa.
4. Constiutional development: In India during British Rule - A historical perspective.
5. Constituent Assembly: Philosophical and socio- economic dimension , Salient features of the Indian Constitution.
6. Nature of Indian federalism: Centre- state relations, legislative, administrative, financial and political ; politics of regional move and National Integration .
7. Fundamental Rights: Constitutional provisions and political dynamics. Judicial Interpretions and socio politics realities ; Fundamental Duties.
8. The Union Executive: President , Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers ,Constitutional provision & framework and political trends.
9. Parliament: Power and functions of the Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha; parliamentary Committees; Functioning of the Parliamentary system in India.
10. The Judiciary: The Supreme Court ,Judicial Review, Judicial Activism, Public Interest Litigation; Judicial Reforms.
11. The State Executive: Governor , Chief Minister and the Council of Ministers; Constitutional Provision and Political trends.
12. Indian Party System: Evolution and Contemporary trends; coalition government at the Centre and States, pressure groups in Indian politics.
13. The interaction of Government & Scientific & Technology business : Previous and now their interrelationship and changing roles in society, Elites, Role of Pressure groups class and voluntary associations in society.
14. Local Government & Politics : Panchayati Raj and Municipal Government, structure power & function. Political realities, significance of 73rd and 74th Amendements, role of women in Panchayats.
15. Bureaucracy and Development : Post-colonial India; its changing role in the context of Libralisation, bureaucratic Accountability.
16. Challenges to Indian Democracy : (a) Communalism Regionalism violence, criminalization and corruption.
(b) Regional disparities, environmental degradation, illiteracy, Mass Poverty, Population, growth, caste oppressions and socio economic inequalities among backward classes.

PHYSICS

1. Mechanics and Waves- Dimensional analysis . Newton’s laws of motion and applications, variable mass systems, projectiles. Rotational dynamics- kinetic energy , angular momentum , theorems of moment of intertia and calculations in simple cases, Conservative forces, frictional forces. Gravitaional potential and intensity due to spherical objects. Central forces, Kepler’s problem, escape velocity and artificial satellites (including GPS) . Stremline motion , viscosity , Poiseuille’s equation . Applications of Bernoulli’s equation and Stokes ‘ law.
Special relativity and Lorentz transformation – length , time dilation , mass – energy relation.
Simple harmonic motion ,Lissajous figures. Damped oscillation , forced oscillation and resonance . Beats , phase and group velocities . Stationary waves, vibration of strings and air columns , longitudinal waves in solids Doppler effect. Ultrasonics and applications.
2. Geometrical and physical Optics- Low of reflection and refraction from Fermat’s principle . Matrix method in paraxial optics – thin lens formula, nodal planes, system of two thin lenses . Chromatic and spherical aberrations. Simple optical instruments magnifer, eyepieces, telescopes and microscopes.
Huygen’s principle reflection and refraction of waves . Interference of light – Young’s experiment ,Newton ‘s rings , interference by thin films , Michelson interferometer. Fraunhofer diffraction – single slit, double slit, diffraction grating , resolving power. Fresnel diffraction – half –period zones and zone plate. Production and detection of linearly , circularly and elliptically polarized light .Double refraction, quarter- waves plates and half- waves plates. Polarizing sheets . Optical activity and applications . Rayleigh scattering and applications.
Elements of fibre optics – attenuation; pulse dispersion in step index and parabolic index fibres; material dispersion . Lasers, characteristics of laser light – spatial and temporal coherence. Focussing of laser beams and applications.
3. Heat and Thermodynamics- Thermal equilibrium and temperature . The zeroth law of thermodynamics . Heat and the first law of thermodynamics . Efficiency of Carnot engines. Entropy and the second law of thermodynamics . Kinetic theory and the equation of state of an ideal gas. Mean free path , distribution of molecular speeds and energies . Transport phenomena. Andrew’s experiements – van der Waals equation and applications . Joule – Kelvin effect and applications . Brownian motion. Thermodynamic potentials- Maxwell relations .Phase transition . Kirchhoff’s laws .Black- body radiation – Stefan – Boltzmann law spectral radiancy ,Wien displacement law, application to the cosmic microwave background radiation , Planck radiation law.
4. Electricity and Magnetism- Electric charge, Coulomb’s law, electric field , Gauss ‘ law . Electric potential ‘ van de Graff accelerator Capacitors , dielectrics and polarization . Ohm’s law , Kirchhoff’s first and second rules , resistors in series and parallel, applications of two – loop circuits . Magnietic field – Gauss’ law for magnetism, atomic and nuclear magnetism , magnetic susceptibility , classification of magnetic materials. Cirulating charges , cyclotron, synchrotron. Hall effect. Biot- Savart law, Ampere’s law , Faraday’s law of induction , Lenz’s Inductance. Alternating current circuits – RC, LR, single – loop LRC circuits , impedance , resonance , power in AC circuits . Displacement current , Maxwell’s equations (MKS units), electromagnetic waves , energy transport and pointing vector.
5. Atomic and Nuclear Physics- Photoelectric effect. Einstein’s photon theory ,Bohr’s theory of hydrogen atom. Stern- Gerlach experiment , quantization of angular momentum, electron spin . Pauli exclusion principle and applications . Zeeman effect, X-ray spectrum. Bragg’s law , Bohr’s theory of the Mosley plot. Compton effect, Compton wavelength. Wave nature of matter, de Broglie wavelength , wave – particle duality . Heisenberg’s uncertainty relationship . Schroedinger’s equation – eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of (i) particle in a box (ii) simple harmonic oscilltor and (iii) hydrogen atom. Potential step and barrier penetration . Natural and artificial radioactivity . Binding energy of nuclei , nuclear fission and fusion . Classification of elementary particles and their interactions.
6. Electronics- Diodes in half – waves and full – wave rectification , qualitative ideas of semicondutors, p type and n type semiconductors, junction diode, Zener diode , transistors, number , Logic gates and truth tables, Elements of microprocessors and computers.

PHILOSOPHY

SECTION-A
PROBLEMS OF PHILOSOPHY
1. Substance and Attributes: Aristotle, Descartes, Lock, Berkeley's criticism, Nyaya- Viasesika, Buddhist criticism of Pudgals.
2. God, Soul and the World: Thomas Acquinas. St Augustine, Sponoza, Descartes. Nyaya- Vaisesika, Sankara, Ramanuja.
3. Universals: Realism' and Nominalism (Plato. Aristotle,Berkeley's criticism of abstract ideas, , Nyaya - Vaisesika, (Buddhism).
4. Bases of Knowledge : Pramanavada in Carvaka , Nyaya- Vaisesika, Buddhism, Advaita Vedanta.
5. Truth and Error- Correspondence Theory,Coherence Theory , Pragmatic Theory: Khyativada (Anyathakhyati,Akhyati, Anivacaniyakhyati).
6. Mater and Mind: Descates, Spinoza, Leibnitz, Berkeley.
SECTION-B
LOGIC
1. Thruth and Validity
2. Classification of sentences: Traditional and Modern.
3. Syllogism : Figure and Moods ; Rules of syllogism (Grneral and special ) validation by Venn Diagrams ; Formal Fallacies.
4. Sentential Calculus: Symbolisation ; Truth - Functions and their interdefinability: Truth Tables; Formal Proof.
SECTION-C
ETHICS
1. Statement of fact and statement of value.
2. Right and Good; Teleology and Deonotology.
3. Psychological Hedonism.
4. Utlitarianism (Bentham; J.S.Mill).
5. Kantian Ethics.
6. Problem of the freedom of will.
7. Moral judgements : Descriptivism,Prescriptvism, Emotivism.
8. Niskamakarma: Sthitaprajna.
9. Jaina Ethics.
10. Four Noble Truth and Eight fold path in Buddhism.
11. Gandhina Ethics : Satya , Ahimsa, Ends and Means.

MEDICAL SCIENCE

Human Anatomy- General principles and basic structural concept of Gross Anatomy of hip joint , heart , stomach, lungs, spleen , kidneys uterus, ovary adrenal glands.
Histological fratures of parotid gland bronchi testic bone and thyroid gland.
Gross anatomy of thalamus , internal capsule cereburm including their blood supply: functional localisation cortex cerebellum spinal cord eye ear throat cranial neves.
Embryology of vertebral column respiratory system and their congenital anomalies.
Human Physiology and Biochemistry- Neurophysioclgy : Senory receptors reticular formation cercbellum and basal ganglia. Reproduction : regulation of male and female gonads.
Cardiovasular system : Mechanical and electrical properties of heart inculding E.C.G. ; regulation of cardiovascular functions.
GI system : billirubin metabolism , liver function tests.
Haematology : haemogolobin synthesis abnormal haemoglobins.
Respiration : Regulation of respiration . Digestion and absorption of fats. Metabolism of carbohydrates.
Renal Physiology : Tubulat function regulation of pH. Nucleic acids: R.N.A.D.N.A.. genetic code and protein synthesis.
Pathology and Microbiology :Principles of inflammation ; Principles of carcionogenesis and tumour spread; Coronary heart disease.
Infective diseases of Liver and gall blader Pathogenesis of tuberculosis.
Immune system, immunological and serological tests for collagen vascular disease. Histological diagnosis by flurosent microscopy.
Etiology and laboratory diagnosis of diseases caused by Salmonella, Vibrio, Meningococcus and hepatitis virus.
Lifecycle and laboratory diagnosis of Entamoeba; histolytica, malarial parasite, ascaros.

MEDICINE
Protein energy malnutrition. Medical managemen of:
Come, cerebrovascular accidents, including status asthamaticus, Cardio pulmonary arrest, status epilepticus, acute failure.
Clinical features, etiology and reatment of :
-Coronary heart disease
-Rheumatic heart disease
-Pneumonia
-Cirrhosis of Liver
-amoebic Liver absess
-Peptic ulcer
-Pycolonephiritis
-Leprosy
-Rheumatoid arthritis
- Diabetes mellitus
-Poliomyelitis
-Schizophrenia
-Meningitis
SURGERY
Principples of surgical management of severely injured and process of fracture h`ealing. sMalignant of stomach and thrir surgical management. Sings, symptoms, investighation and management of fractures of femus. Principles of pre-operative and post-operative care.
Clinical manifestations, investigations and management of:
-Hydrocephalus
-Buerger's diseases,
-Bronchogenic carcinoma,
-Appendicitis
- Carcinoma colon,
- Benign prostatic hypertrophy.
- Carcinoma breast,
- Spinabifida.
Cinical manifestations , investigatiouns and surgical managements of:
- Interstinal obstruction
- Acute urinary retention
- Spinal injury
- Haemorrhagic shock
- Pneumothorax.
- Haemetemesis
Preventive and Social Medicine:
Principles of epidemiology , health care delivery.
Concept and general principles of prevention of disease and promotion of health.
National health programmes.
Effects environmental pollution on health.
Concept of balanced diet.
Family planning methds.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Statics- Simple applications of equilibrium equations.

Dynamics- Simple applications of equations if motion , work energy and power.

Theory of Machines- Simple examples of kinematics chains and their inversions.Different types of gears, berings, governors , flywheels and their functions.Static and dynamic balancing of rigid rotors . Simple vibration analysis of bars and shaffs. Linear automatic control systems.

Mechanics of solids- Stress , strain and Hooks Law. Shear and bending moments in beams .Simple bending and torsion of beams ,Springs and thin walled cyliders. Elementary concepts of elastic stability mechanical properties and material testing.

Maunfacturing Science- Mechanics of metal cutting , tool life , economics of machining. cutting tool matericals. Basic types of machine tool and their processes . Automatic machine tools transfer lines . Metal forming processes and machines -shearing, drawing, spinning, rolling , forging, extrusion. Types of casting and welding methods .Powder metallurgy and processing of plastics.

Manufacturing Management- Methods and time study , motion economy and work space design, operation and flow process charts, Cost estimation , break even analysis .Location and layout of plants, material handling . Capital budgeting, job shop and mass production, scheduling dispatching . Routing ,Inventory.

Thermodynamics- Basic concepts , definitions and laws , heat work and temperature , Zeroth law , temperature scales, behavior of pure substances, equations of state, first law and its corollaries second law and its corollaries .Analysis of air standard power cycle ssss, Carnot , Otto , diesel, Brayton cycles. Vapour power cycles , Rankine reheat and regenerative cycles. Refrigeration cycles- Bell Coleman , Vapour absorption and Vapour compression cycle analysis , open and closed cycle gas turbin with intercooling reheating.

Energy Conversion- Flow of steam throught nozzles , critical pressure ratio , shock formation and its effect . Steam Generators , mountings and accessories . Impulse and reaction turbines elements and lauout of thermal power plants .Hydraulic turbines and pumps specific speed, layout of hydraulic power plants.Introduction to nuclear reactors and power plants , handing of nuclear waste.

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning- Refrigeration equipment and operation and maintenance , refrigerants, principles of air conditioning , psychometric chart comfort zones humidification and dehumidification.

Fluid Mechanics- Hydrostatics , continuity equation ,Bernoulli's theprem, flow through pipes , discharge discharge measurement , laminar and turbulent flow , boundary layer concept.

MATHEMATICS

1. Albebra- Elements of set Theory ; Algebra of Real and Complex numbers including Demovire's theorem; Polinomials and polinomial equations; Relation between Coefficients and Roots, symmetric functions of roots; Elements of Group Theory ; Sub , Groups, Permutation , Groups and their elementary properties . Rings, Integral Domains and Fields and their elementary properties.
2. Vector Spaces and Matrices- Vector Space, Linear Dependence and Independence . Subspaces. Basis and Dimension, Finite Dimensional Vector Spaces. Linear Transformation of a Finite Dimensional Vector Space, Matrex Representation . Singular and Nonsingular Transformations , Rank and Nullity.
Matrices: Addition , Multiplication . Determinants of a Matrix, Properties of Determinants of order , Inverse of a Matrix . Cramer's rule
3. Geometry and Vectors- Analuytic geometry of straight lines and conics in cartesian and polar coordinates; three dimensional geometory for planes, straight lines, sphere, cone and cylinder. Addition, Subtraction and Products of Vectors and Simple applications to Geometry.
4. Calculus- Function ,Sequences , Series, Limits, Continuity, Derivatives.
Application of Derivatives- Rates of change , Tangents ,Normals , Mixima, Minima, Rolle's Theorem, Mean Value Theorems of Language and Cauchy, Asymptotes, Curvature. Methods of finding indefinite integrals , Definirte Integrals Fundamental Theorem of integrals Calculus. Volume and Surfaces of revolution.
5. Ordinary Differential Equations: Order and Degree of a Differential ; Equation , First order differential Equations , Singular solution . Geometrical interpretation , Second order equations with constant coefficients.
6. Mechanics- Concepts of particles - Lamina; Rigid Body : Displacement; fokrce; Mass; weight; Motion; Velocity; Speed; Acceleration; Parallelogram of force; Parallelogram of velocity , acceleration; resultant; equilibrium of coplanar force; Moments ; Couples ; Friction; Centre of mass, Gravity ; Laws of motion; Motion of particle in a straight line; simple Harmonic Motion; Motion; under covservative forces; Motion under gravity; Projectile; Escape velocity; Motion of aritificial satellites.
7. Elements of Computer Programming- Binary system, Octal and Hexadecimal systems. Conversion to and from Decimal systems. Codes, Bits, Bytes and Works. Memory of a computer. Arithmetic and Logical operators. Algorithms and Flow Charts.

LAW

(i) Jurisprudence:
1. Nature and concept of law.
2. Schools of Jurisprudence : Analytical , historical, philosophical, sociological and natural.
3. Administration of Justice: Theories of Punishment.
4. Sources of Low: Custom, Precedent and Legislation.
5. A few basic Legal concept: (i) Rights and Duties; (ii) Legal Persinality; (iii) Ownership and Possession.
(ii) Constitutional Law of India:
1. Salient features of the Indian Constitution;
2. Preamble;
3. Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties;
4. Constitutional Position and power of President and Governore .
5. Supreme Court and High Courts: Jurdiction , power , appointment and transfer of judges.
6. Union public Service Commission and state public Service commisssion : Their Power and function;
7. Distribution of Legislative and administrative powers between the Union and the States.
8. Emergency provisions.
9. Amendment of the Constitution.
(iii) International Law:
1. Nature and definition of International Law.
2. Sources: Treaty, Custom ,General Principles of Law recognized by civilized nations and subsidiary means of determaination of law.
3. State Recignition and State Succession.
4. The United Nations : it objectives, purpose and principal organs; the Constitution , role and jurisdiction of the International Court of justice.
5. Protection of Human Right : (i) Provision in the UN Charter; (ii) Universal Declaration of Human Right , 1948; (iii)International Covenant of civil and Political Rights, 1966;(iv) International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. 1966.
(iv) Torts:
1. Nature and definition of Tort.
2. Liability based on fault and Strict liability.
3. Vicarious liability including State liability.
4. Joint Tort - feasors.
5. Negligence.
6. Defamation.
7. Conspiracy.
8. Nuisance.
9. False Imprisonment
10. Malicious Prosecution.
(v) Criminal Law:
1. General principles of criminal liability; Mens rea and actus rens.
2. Preparation and criminal attempts.
3. General exceptions;
4. Joint and constructive liability;
5. Abetment;
6. Criminal conspiracy;
7. Sedition;
8. Murder and culpable homicide;
9. Theft; extortion , robbery and dacoity;
10. Misappropriation and Criminal Branch of Trust;
(vi) Law of Contract
1. Definition of contract.
2. Basic elements of contract; offer, acceptance, consideration, contractual capacity.
3. Factors vitiating consent.
4. Void, voidable , illegal and unenforceable agreements.
5. Wagering agreements.
6. Contingent contracts.
7. Perfrmance of contracts.
8. Dissolution of contractual obligations , frustration of contracts.
9. Quasi- contracts.
10. Remedies for branch of contract.

INDIAN HISTORY

SECTION-A
1. Prehistoric cultures in India.
2. Indus Civilization . Origins.The Mature Phase: extent ,society, economy and culture. Contacts with other cultures .Problems of declie.
3. Geographical distribution and characteristics of pastoral and farming communities outside the Indus region , from the neolithic to early iron phases.
4. Vedic society . The Vedic texts: change from Regvedic to later Vedic phases .Religion; Upanishadic thought . Political and social organisations ; evolutuion of monarchy and varna system.
5. State formation and urbanization from the mahajanapadas to the Nandas. Jainism and Buddhism. Factors for the spread of Buddhism.
6. The Mauryan Emipire . Chandragupta; Megasthenes.Asoka and his inscriptions ; his dhamma administration , culture and art . The Arthasastra.
7. Post -mauryan India ;BC 200-AD 300. Society : Evolution of jatis. The Satavahanas and state formation in Peninsula .Sangam texts and society. Indo- Greeks, Sakas, Parthians, Kushanas; Kanishka. Contacts with the outside world. Regligion: Saivism, Bhagavatism, Hinayana and Mahayana Buddhism; jainism; Culture and art.
8. The Guptas and Their Sussessors {to c. 750 Ad}. Chola Empire. Agrarian of organisation of empire. Economy and society. Lierature and Science Arts.
SECTION-B
9.Early Medieval Indua. Major dynasties; the Chola Empire. Agrarian and Political strcturea. The Rajaputras. Extentof social mobility. Postition of woman. The Arabs in Sind and the Ghaznavides.
10.Cultural trends, 750-1200, Religious conditiond: importance of temples and monastic instutions: Sankaracharya: Islam: Sufism. Literature and Science. Alberuni's 'India' . Art and architecture.
11-12. Thirteenth and fourteenth Centuries: Ghorian invasions causes and consequences. Delhi Sultanate under the 'Slave' Rulers. Alauddin Khalji: Conquests; administraative, agrarian and economic measures. Muhammad Tughluq's innovations. Firuz Tughluq and the decline of the Delhi Sultanate. Growth of commerce and urbanization. Mystic movements in Hinduism and Islam. Literature. Architecture' Technological changes.
13. The fifteeth and early 16th Century : major Provincial dynasties; Vijauyanagara Empire.The Lodis , First phase of the Mughal Empire : Babur , Humayun.The Sur empire and administration . The Portuguese.
Montheistic movements: Kabir; Guru Nanak and Sikhism; Bhakti .Growth of regional literatures. Art and Culture.
14-15. The Mughal Empire, 1556-1707 . Akbar : conquests , admini strative measures, jagir and mansab systems ; polic of sulh-i-kul. Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb: expansion in the Deccan : religious policies Shivaji Culture : Persian and regional literatures. Religious thought :Abul Fazl; Maharashtra dharma . Painting Architecture.
Economy: conditions of peasants and artisans , growth in trade; commerce with Europe . Social stratification and status of women.
16.Decline of Mughal Empire, 1707-61. Causes behind decline. Maratha power under the Peshwas. Regional states. The Afghans. Major elements of composite culture. Sawai jai Singh , astronomer. Rise of Urdu language.
SECTION-C
17.British expansion: The Carnatic Wars, Conquest of Bengal. Mysore and its resistance to British expansion : The three Anglo- Maratha Wars. Early structure of British raj : Regulating and pitt's India Acts.
18. Economic Impact of the British Raj: Drain of Wealth (Tribute); land revenue settlements (zamindari, ryotwari, mahalwari); Deindustrialisation ; Railways and commercialisation of agriculture; Growth of landless labour.
19. Cultural encounter and social change : Introduction of western education and modern ideas. Indian Renaissance , Social and religious reform movements; growth of Indian middle class; The press and its impact: rise of modern literature in Indian languages measures befour 1857.
20.Resistance to British rule: Early uprisings; The 1857 Revolt-causes, nature, course and consequences.
21. Indian Freedom struggle- the phase: Growth of national consciousness; Formation of Association ; Establishment of the Indian National Congress and its Moderate phase :- Economic Nationalism; Swadeshi movement ; The growth of 'Extremism' and the 1907 split in Congress; The Act of 1909 - the policy of Divide and Rule; Congress- League Pact of 1916.
22.Gandhi and his thought ; Gandhian techniques of mas mobilisation Khilafat and Non Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience and Quit India Movement ; Other strands in the National Movement- Revolutionaries , the Left, Subhas Chandra Bose and the Indian National Army.
23. Separatist Trends in Indian nationalist politics- the Muslim League and the Hindu Mahasabha : The post -1945 devolopments; Partition and Independence.
24. India independent to 1964. A parliamentary , secular , dmocratic republic the 1950 Constitution ).Jawaharlal Nehru's vision of a devoloped , socialist society . Planning and state - controlled industrialization . Agrarian reforms. Foreign polic of Non-alignment. Border conflict with China , and Chinese aggression.

GEOLOGY

PART-I
(a) General Geology-Solar System. The Earth : its origin, age and internal constitution. Vocanoes-types, distribution geological effectesand productes. Earth-quakes-intensity, magnitude, distriution, causes and effectes. Elementary ideas about
isostasy, geosynclines, mountain building, continental drift, sea floor spreading and plate tectonics.
(b) Geomorphology-Basic concepts. External and internal processes. Rock weathering. Cycle of erosion. Fluvial landforms
and drainage patterns. Land-forms of aeolian, marine, glacial and 'Karst' landscapes. Element of Remote Sensing.
(c) Stuctural and Field Geology-Primary and secondary structures. Dip and strike of beds.Unconformities.Study of folds, jointes, faults, foliation and lineations. Overthrusts and nappe structures. Stages of rock deformation.Construction of blcok
diagrams. Stereographic and equal-area nets. Solutions of simple prolems by stereographic net.
Topographic maps and their interpretation. Use of clinometer compass in the field Measurments of bed, foliation, folds joints, faults and lineations in the field . Principles of geological mapping . Effects of topography on outcrops. Drawing of section.
PART-II
(a) Crystallography- Elements of crystal structure. Laws of crystallography , Symmetry elements of normal classes of seven crystal systems.
Properties and interaction of light and crystalline matter. Petrological imicroscope and accessories . Construction and use of Nicole prism Pleochroism, double refraction , extinction angle, birefringence and twinning in crystals , Isotropic ,uniaxial and biaxial minerals.
(b) Mineralogy- Physical , chemical and optical properties of the following common rock forming minerals : quartz, feldsper , mica , pyroxene amphibole, olivine , gamet , chlorite , carbonates , aluminosilicates . Structure of silicates and crystal chemistryof minerals .Gemstones.
(c) Economic Geology- Ore, ore mineral and gangue . Classification of ore deposits . Important processes of their formation . Occurrence, origin and distribution in India of the ores of aluminium, chromium, , copper , gold, lead,zinc, iron, manganese and radioactive elements Deposits of minerals use as abrasives, refractories and in ceramics, deposits of coal and petroleum. Elements of prospecting for mineral deposits.
PART-III
(a) Igneous Petrology-Origin of magma and formation of igneous rocks. Bowen's reaction principle. Crystallisation of binary systems. Classification of igneous rocks . Textures and structures of igneous rocks. Composition , origin and mode of occurrence of granite , diorit, mafic and ultramafic groups, anorthosites and alkaline rocks.
(b) Sedimentary Petrology- Sedimentary process and products. Classification of sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary structures. Residual deposits- their mode of formation , chacteristics and types . Clastic deposits their classification , mineral composition and texture.Elementry ideas about the origin and characteristice of quartz arenites, arkoses and graywackes. Siliceous and calcareous deposits of chemical and organic origin.
(c) Metamorphic Petrology- Types and factors of metamorphism. Zones , grades and facies of metamorphism. Regional and contact metamorphism. Textures and structures of metamorphic rocks. Metamorphism of argillaceous , arenaceous , calcareous and basic rocks. Metasomatism.
PART-IV
(a) Paleontology-Habits and habitats of animals .Fossils and fossilization . Modes of preservation. Application of fossils, Study of morphology and geological history of Forminiferida, Brachipoda, Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda, Trilobita, Echinoides and Anthozoa.
Mammals of Sivalik Group.A Echinoidea and Anthozoa.
(b) Stratigraphy and Geology of India- Fundamental laws of stratigraphy. Stratigraphic classification lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic.Geological time scale.
Physiographic division and outline of stratigraphy of India .Brief study of Dharwar, Vindhyan and Gondwana Supergroups and Siwalik Groups with reference to their major subdivision , lithology, fossils,areal distribution and economic importance.

GEOGRAPHY

SECTION-A
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
(i) Geomorphology- Origin of the earth; Geological Time Scale; Interior of the earth; Types and characterisitics of rocks; Folding and Faulting ; Volcanoes; Earth quakes; Weathering; Landforms caused by fluvial , aeolian and glacial actions.
(ii) Climatology-Structure and composition of atmosphere; Temperature; Pressure belts and Wind systems; Clouds and rainfall types ; Cyclones and anti- cyclones; Major climatic types.
(iii)Oceanography-Ocean relief; Temperature;Salinity; Ocean deposits; Ocean currents,EI Nino and La Nino ; Waves and tides.
(iv) Biogeography- Origin and types of soils; Major biomes of the world; Ecosystem and food chai; Environmental degradation and conservation.
SECTION-B
HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
(i) Man and Environment Relationship- Growth and development of Human Geography ; Concepts of Determinism and Possibilism.
(ii) Population- Races of mankind and tribes; growth and distribution of world population; migration; population problems of developed and developing countries.
(iii) Econimic Activities-Food gathering and hunting ; pastoral pastoral herding; fishing and forestry; Type of agriculture- shifting ,subsistence, commercial and plantation; Mining Power; Manufacturing - locational factors of textile iron and steel, suger and fertilizer industries; Tertiary activities trade , transport , communication and services.
(iv) Settlements-Origin types and patterns of rural settlements; Processess of urbanisation ; morphology and functional classification of towns; million - cities and mega -cities.
SECTION-C
GEOGRAPHY OF THE WORLD
(i) Major Natural Reions: Characteristics, economic base and human adaptation.
(ii) Regional Geography of Developed Countries: Canada ,U.S.A Western Europe ,Russia, Japan, Australia and New Zealand.
(iii)Regiinal Geography of Developing Countries : S.E Asia , S.W . Asia , China ,Southern Africa and Brazil.
(iv) Regional Geography of South Asia.
SECTION-D
GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA
(i) Physical Setting-Landforms, drainage, climate, soils and natural vegetation.
(ii) Economic Base-Minerals & energy resources aquatic resources, forest resources: irrigation , agriculture and industries; trade and commerce.
(iii) Population - Growth , distribution and density; demographic characteristice .
(iv) Environmental problems, developmental issues and regional planning.
SECTION-E
GEOGRAPHICAL THOUGHT
(i) Ancient Period-Contributions of indians,Greeks, Romans and Arabs.
(ii) Pre-Modern Period-Contribution of Verenius ,Kant ,Humboldt and Ritter.
(iii) Moder Period-Dichotomy of determinism and possibilism ; contributions of Ratzel, Semple, Huntington and La Blache.
(iv) Recent Period-Quantitive Revolution; Radicalism, Behaveouralism and Humanism
SECTION-F
TECHNIQUES OF GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS
(i) Maps- Scale and types, uses.
(ii) Diagrams- Types and uses
(iii) Projections- Types, characteristics and uses.
(iv) Remote sensing and grographical information system (GIS)- Aerial photographs and imagery, GIS.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Electrical Circuits Theory and Application-Circuit components network graphs , KCL, KVL ; circuit analysis methods : nodal analysis mesh analysis : basic network theorems and applicatons: transient analysis :RL,RC and RLC circuits : sinusoidal steady state analysis resonant circuits and applications coupled ciruits and application : balanced 3 Phase circuits Two port network driving point and transfer function ; poles and zeros of network function.
Signals & Systems-Representation of continuous time and discretetime signals & system 's LTI system ; convolution impules response time domain analysis ok LIT system based on convolution and differential / difference equation Fourier transform, Laplace transform ,Z-transform Transfer function Sampling and recovery of signals.
Control System-Elements of control system ; block -diagram representations; open -loop & closed -loop system; principles and applications of feedback LTI system: time domain and transform domian analsis Stabilits: Routh Hurwiz criterion root -loci ,Nyquist 's criterion Bode-plots Design of lead -lag compensators; Proportional , Pl ,PID controllers.
E.M.Theory-Electro-static and megneto- static field; Maxwell's equation; e.m waves and wave and wave equation ; wave progagation and antemmas; transmission lines ; micro wave resonators, cavities and wave guides.
Electrical Engineering Materials-Electrical/electronic behaviors of materials; conductivity ; Free electrons and band theory intrinsic and extrinsic semi conductor p-n junction ; solar cells super- conductivity Dielectric behaviour of materials : polarization phenomena ; piezo-electric phenomena .Megnetic materical : behaviour and application.
Analog Electronics-Diode circuits ; rectifiers filters, clipping and clamping zener diode and voltage regulation , Bipolar and field effect transistors (BJT, JFET and MOSFET) : Characteristics, bisaing and small signal equivalent circuits ,Basic amplifier circuits differential amplifier circuits. Amplifiers: analysis frequency response.Princples of feedback; OPAMP circuits; filters; oscillators.
Digital Electronice-Boolean algebre; minimiation of Boolean function ; logic gates, digital IC families (DTL,TTL,ECL,MOS,CMOS) . Combinational circuits : arithmetic circuits , code converters , multiplexers and decoder's Sequential circuits : latches and flip -flops , counters and shiftregisters .Conparators, times , multivibrators. Sample and hold circuits ; ADCs and DACs .Semiconductor memories.
Communication Systems-Fourier analysis of signals: amplitude , phase and power spectrum , auto- correlation and cross- correlation and their Fourier transforms. Analog modulation system : amplitude and angle modulation and demodulation sysytem , spectral analysis ; superheterodyne receivers. Pulse code modulaion (PCM) , differential PCM , delta modulation Digital modulation schemes: amplitude ,phase and frequency shift keying schemes (ASK, PSK , FSK). Multiplexing : time -division, frequency division. Additive Gaussian noise : characterization using correlation , probability density function, power spectral density , Signal to- noise ratio calculations for AM and FM. Elements of digital communication systems : source coding , channel coding ; digitqal modulation &demolution. Elements of information theory. channel capacity Elementsofsatellite andmobile communication principles of televisionengineering ; radar egineering and radio aids to navigation.
Computers and Microprocessors - computer organization; number representation and arithmetic, functional organization, machine instructions addressing modes ALU, hardwired and microprogrammed control, memory organization. Elements of microprocessors : B-bit microprocessors-architecture, instruction set, assembly level programming, memory, I/O interfacing, microcontrollers and applications.
Measurement and Instrumentation- Error analysis; measurement of current voltage, power energy, power-factor, resistance, inductance capacitance and frequency; dridge meaurements. Electronic measuring instruments : multimeter, CRO, digitral voltmeter, frequency counter; Q - meteerspectrum - analyser , distortion - meter. Transducers : thermocouple ,theermisor LVDT,
strain- guages, piezo - electric crystal . Use of teansducers in measure - ment ofnon - electrical quantities Data - acquisition saytems.
Energy Conversion-Single - phase transformer : equivalent circuit, Phasor-diagram , tests regulation and efficiency; three-phase transformer; auto transformer.Principle of energy conversion d.c.generators and motors. Performers characteristics starting and speed control armature reaction and commutation; three phase induction motor; performance characteristics starting and speed control . Single phase induction motor. Synchronous generators: performamce characteristic , regulation , parallel operation Sysnchronous motors: starting characteistics ,applications ; synchronous condensor .FHP motors, permanent magnet and stepper motors, brushless d.c motors, single phase motors.
Power Systems-Electric power generation : thermal hydro nuclear . Transmission line parameters: steady-state performance of overhead transmission line and cables. Distribution system : insulators, bundle conductors , corona and radio interference effects; per -unit quantites;bus admittance and impedance matrices ; load flow ; voltage control and power factor correction ,Economic operation .Principles of over current differential and distance protection ;Soild state relays , circuit breakers , concept of system stability .HVDC transmission.
Power Electronics and Electric Drives- semicnductor power devices:diode , transistor , thyristor, triac, GOT and MOSFET , static characteristics, principles of operation ; triggering circuits ; phase contrkolled rectifiers ; bridgeconverters-fully controlled and half controlled; princples of thyristor chopper and inverter. Basic of speed control of DC and Ac motor drives.
Elements of IC Fabrication Technology-Overview of IC Techonlolgy .Unit steps used in IC fabrication: wafer cleaning photolithography ,wet and dry etching , oxdidation diffusion ion-implantation , CVD and LPCVD techniques for deposition of polysilion , sillicon sillconpnitrde and sillion dioxide: metallisation and passivation.

COMMERCE

PART-1
ACCOUNTING AND AUDITING
Accounting- Nature , Scope and objectives of Accounting – Accounting as an Information system . Users of Accounting Information.
Genrerally Accepeted Principles of Accounting – The Accounting Equation Accrual Concept – Other concepts and conventions. Distinction between capital and revenue expenditure . Accounting Standards and their application Accounting Standards relating to fixed assets. Depreciation inventory , recognition of revenue.
Final Accounts of Sole Proprietors , Partnership Firms and Limited Companies – Statutory Provisions –Reserves, Provisions and Funds.
Final Accounts of not –for profit organization . Accounting problems related to admission and retiremnt of a partner and dissolution of a firm.
Accounting for Shares and Debentures Accounting Treatment of Convertible debentures . Analysis and Interpretation of Financial Statements Ratio analysis and interpretation . Ratios relation to short term liquidity , long term solvency and profitability – importance of the rate of return on investment (ROI) in evaluating the overall performance of a business entity Cash – flow statement and Statement of Source and Application of Funds Societal obligations of Accounting.
Auditing- Nature , objectives and basic principles of auditing .
Techniques of Auditing – Physical verification, examination of documents and vouching , direct confirmation, analytical review.
Planning an audit, audit programmes, working papers, audit process.
Evaluation of internal controls.
Test checking and sampling.
Board outline of company audit.
Audit of non- corporate enterprises .
Internal and management audit.
PART-II
BUSINESS ORGANISATION
Distinctive features of different forms of business organization.
Sole Proprietor- partnerships- characteristics, Registration, Partnership deed, Rights and duties ,Retirement , Dissolution.
Joint Stock Company – Concept , characteristice types.
Cooperative and State ownerships forms of organizations.
Types of securities and methods of their issue.
Economic functions of the capital market , stock exchanges , Mutual Funds. Control and regulation of capital market.
Business combinations; control of Monopolies . Problems of modernization of industrial enterprises. Social Responsibility of business.
Foreign Trade- Procedure and financing of import and export trade. Incentives for export promotion. Financing of foreign trade.
Insurance- Principles and practice of Life, Fire, Marine and General insurance.
MANAGEMENT
Management function- Planning – strategies, organizing levels of authority Staffing , Line function and staff function, Leadership , Communication , Motivation , Directing – Principles , Strategies.
Coordination – Concept , types methods.
Control- Principles , performance standards ,corrective action . Salary and wage administration – job evaluation .
Organisation Structure – Centralization and decentralization – Delegation of authority – Span of control – Management by Objectives and Management by Exception
Management ok change ; Crisis Management.
Office Management – scope and principles ; systems and routines; handling of records – modern aids to Office management; Office equipment and machines; Automation and Personal computers.
Impact of Organisation and Methods (O&M)
Company Law
Joint stock companies – incorporation ; document and formalities- Doctrine of indoor management and constructive notice.
Duties and power of board of directors of a company.
Accounts and Audit of Companies
Company Secretary- role and functions- qualifications for appointment.