POLITICAL SCIENCE

SECTION – A
1. Political Science: Nature & scope of the discipline , relationship with allied disciplines like History , Economics , Philosophy , Sociology , Psyshology.
2. Meaning of Politics: Approaches to the study of Politics.
3. Key Concepts: State, Soceity, Sovereignty , Power, Citizenship , Nation , Global order and Imperialism.
4. Political Ideas : Rights, Liberty, Equality Justice, Rule of Law. Civil Society Swaraj , Revolution , Democratic Participation.
5. Democracy: Meaning and Theories of Democracy, Electoral system, Forms of Representation & Participation , Political accountability.
6. Political Ideologies: Liberalism , Neoliberalism, Marxism, Socialism, Fascism ,Gandhism .
7. Party System and Political Process: Therories or Party System, National and regional parties , political parties in the Third World . Patterms of coalition politics , interest and pressure groups.
8. Forms of Government: Parliamentary and presidential . Federal & unitary modes of decentralization.
9. Bureaucracy Concept: Theories, Weber and critiques of bureaucracy.
10.Theories of Development: Meaning and various approaches. Concept and Theories of underdevelopment Debates; in the Third World.
11. Social Movements: Meaning , Theories & Forms, Role of Environmental Feminist Peasant & Workers movements , Role of Non Government organization.
12. Nationalism and Internationalism:
13. Major theories of International relations: Realist Marxist, Systems & Decision making & Game theory.
14. State & the Global order: neo – Liberalism, globalization , structural adjustment , regional economic integration , Nature and Impact of globalization.

SECTION-B
INDIAN GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
1. Approaches to the study of Governments: Comparative historical, legal institutional , political economy and political sociology , approaches.
2. Classification of Political systems: Democratic and Authoritarian, characteristics of Political system in the third world.
3. Typologies of constitution : Basic feature of these constitutions & governments: including U.K., USA, Farnce , Germany, China and South Africa.
4. Constiutional development: In India during British Rule - A historical perspective.
5. Constituent Assembly: Philosophical and socio- economic dimension , Salient features of the Indian Constitution.
6. Nature of Indian federalism: Centre- state relations, legislative, administrative, financial and political ; politics of regional move and National Integration .
7. Fundamental Rights: Constitutional provisions and political dynamics. Judicial Interpretions and socio politics realities ; Fundamental Duties.
8. The Union Executive: President , Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers ,Constitutional provision & framework and political trends.
9. Parliament: Power and functions of the Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha; parliamentary Committees; Functioning of the Parliamentary system in India.
10. The Judiciary: The Supreme Court ,Judicial Review, Judicial Activism, Public Interest Litigation; Judicial Reforms.
11. The State Executive: Governor , Chief Minister and the Council of Ministers; Constitutional Provision and Political trends.
12. Indian Party System: Evolution and Contemporary trends; coalition government at the Centre and States, pressure groups in Indian politics.
13. The interaction of Government & Scientific & Technology business : Previous and now their interrelationship and changing roles in society, Elites, Role of Pressure groups class and voluntary associations in society.
14. Local Government & Politics : Panchayati Raj and Municipal Government, structure power & function. Political realities, significance of 73rd and 74th Amendements, role of women in Panchayats.
15. Bureaucracy and Development : Post-colonial India; its changing role in the context of Libralisation, bureaucratic Accountability.
16. Challenges to Indian Democracy : (a) Communalism Regionalism violence, criminalization and corruption.
(b) Regional disparities, environmental degradation, illiteracy, Mass Poverty, Population, growth, caste oppressions and socio economic inequalities among backward classes.

PHYSICS

1. Mechanics and Waves- Dimensional analysis . Newton’s laws of motion and applications, variable mass systems, projectiles. Rotational dynamics- kinetic energy , angular momentum , theorems of moment of intertia and calculations in simple cases, Conservative forces, frictional forces. Gravitaional potential and intensity due to spherical objects. Central forces, Kepler’s problem, escape velocity and artificial satellites (including GPS) . Stremline motion , viscosity , Poiseuille’s equation . Applications of Bernoulli’s equation and Stokes ‘ law.
Special relativity and Lorentz transformation – length , time dilation , mass – energy relation.
Simple harmonic motion ,Lissajous figures. Damped oscillation , forced oscillation and resonance . Beats , phase and group velocities . Stationary waves, vibration of strings and air columns , longitudinal waves in solids Doppler effect. Ultrasonics and applications.
2. Geometrical and physical Optics- Low of reflection and refraction from Fermat’s principle . Matrix method in paraxial optics – thin lens formula, nodal planes, system of two thin lenses . Chromatic and spherical aberrations. Simple optical instruments magnifer, eyepieces, telescopes and microscopes.
Huygen’s principle reflection and refraction of waves . Interference of light – Young’s experiment ,Newton ‘s rings , interference by thin films , Michelson interferometer. Fraunhofer diffraction – single slit, double slit, diffraction grating , resolving power. Fresnel diffraction – half –period zones and zone plate. Production and detection of linearly , circularly and elliptically polarized light .Double refraction, quarter- waves plates and half- waves plates. Polarizing sheets . Optical activity and applications . Rayleigh scattering and applications.
Elements of fibre optics – attenuation; pulse dispersion in step index and parabolic index fibres; material dispersion . Lasers, characteristics of laser light – spatial and temporal coherence. Focussing of laser beams and applications.
3. Heat and Thermodynamics- Thermal equilibrium and temperature . The zeroth law of thermodynamics . Heat and the first law of thermodynamics . Efficiency of Carnot engines. Entropy and the second law of thermodynamics . Kinetic theory and the equation of state of an ideal gas. Mean free path , distribution of molecular speeds and energies . Transport phenomena. Andrew’s experiements – van der Waals equation and applications . Joule – Kelvin effect and applications . Brownian motion. Thermodynamic potentials- Maxwell relations .Phase transition . Kirchhoff’s laws .Black- body radiation – Stefan – Boltzmann law spectral radiancy ,Wien displacement law, application to the cosmic microwave background radiation , Planck radiation law.
4. Electricity and Magnetism- Electric charge, Coulomb’s law, electric field , Gauss ‘ law . Electric potential ‘ van de Graff accelerator Capacitors , dielectrics and polarization . Ohm’s law , Kirchhoff’s first and second rules , resistors in series and parallel, applications of two – loop circuits . Magnietic field – Gauss’ law for magnetism, atomic and nuclear magnetism , magnetic susceptibility , classification of magnetic materials. Cirulating charges , cyclotron, synchrotron. Hall effect. Biot- Savart law, Ampere’s law , Faraday’s law of induction , Lenz’s Inductance. Alternating current circuits – RC, LR, single – loop LRC circuits , impedance , resonance , power in AC circuits . Displacement current , Maxwell’s equations (MKS units), electromagnetic waves , energy transport and pointing vector.
5. Atomic and Nuclear Physics- Photoelectric effect. Einstein’s photon theory ,Bohr’s theory of hydrogen atom. Stern- Gerlach experiment , quantization of angular momentum, electron spin . Pauli exclusion principle and applications . Zeeman effect, X-ray spectrum. Bragg’s law , Bohr’s theory of the Mosley plot. Compton effect, Compton wavelength. Wave nature of matter, de Broglie wavelength , wave – particle duality . Heisenberg’s uncertainty relationship . Schroedinger’s equation – eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of (i) particle in a box (ii) simple harmonic oscilltor and (iii) hydrogen atom. Potential step and barrier penetration . Natural and artificial radioactivity . Binding energy of nuclei , nuclear fission and fusion . Classification of elementary particles and their interactions.
6. Electronics- Diodes in half – waves and full – wave rectification , qualitative ideas of semicondutors, p type and n type semiconductors, junction diode, Zener diode , transistors, number , Logic gates and truth tables, Elements of microprocessors and computers.

PHILOSOPHY

SECTION-A
PROBLEMS OF PHILOSOPHY
1. Substance and Attributes: Aristotle, Descartes, Lock, Berkeley's criticism, Nyaya- Viasesika, Buddhist criticism of Pudgals.
2. God, Soul and the World: Thomas Acquinas. St Augustine, Sponoza, Descartes. Nyaya- Vaisesika, Sankara, Ramanuja.
3. Universals: Realism' and Nominalism (Plato. Aristotle,Berkeley's criticism of abstract ideas, , Nyaya - Vaisesika, (Buddhism).
4. Bases of Knowledge : Pramanavada in Carvaka , Nyaya- Vaisesika, Buddhism, Advaita Vedanta.
5. Truth and Error- Correspondence Theory,Coherence Theory , Pragmatic Theory: Khyativada (Anyathakhyati,Akhyati, Anivacaniyakhyati).
6. Mater and Mind: Descates, Spinoza, Leibnitz, Berkeley.
SECTION-B
LOGIC
1. Thruth and Validity
2. Classification of sentences: Traditional and Modern.
3. Syllogism : Figure and Moods ; Rules of syllogism (Grneral and special ) validation by Venn Diagrams ; Formal Fallacies.
4. Sentential Calculus: Symbolisation ; Truth - Functions and their interdefinability: Truth Tables; Formal Proof.
SECTION-C
ETHICS
1. Statement of fact and statement of value.
2. Right and Good; Teleology and Deonotology.
3. Psychological Hedonism.
4. Utlitarianism (Bentham; J.S.Mill).
5. Kantian Ethics.
6. Problem of the freedom of will.
7. Moral judgements : Descriptivism,Prescriptvism, Emotivism.
8. Niskamakarma: Sthitaprajna.
9. Jaina Ethics.
10. Four Noble Truth and Eight fold path in Buddhism.
11. Gandhina Ethics : Satya , Ahimsa, Ends and Means.

MEDICAL SCIENCE

Human Anatomy- General principles and basic structural concept of Gross Anatomy of hip joint , heart , stomach, lungs, spleen , kidneys uterus, ovary adrenal glands.
Histological fratures of parotid gland bronchi testic bone and thyroid gland.
Gross anatomy of thalamus , internal capsule cereburm including their blood supply: functional localisation cortex cerebellum spinal cord eye ear throat cranial neves.
Embryology of vertebral column respiratory system and their congenital anomalies.
Human Physiology and Biochemistry- Neurophysioclgy : Senory receptors reticular formation cercbellum and basal ganglia. Reproduction : regulation of male and female gonads.
Cardiovasular system : Mechanical and electrical properties of heart inculding E.C.G. ; regulation of cardiovascular functions.
GI system : billirubin metabolism , liver function tests.
Haematology : haemogolobin synthesis abnormal haemoglobins.
Respiration : Regulation of respiration . Digestion and absorption of fats. Metabolism of carbohydrates.
Renal Physiology : Tubulat function regulation of pH. Nucleic acids: R.N.A.D.N.A.. genetic code and protein synthesis.
Pathology and Microbiology :Principles of inflammation ; Principles of carcionogenesis and tumour spread; Coronary heart disease.
Infective diseases of Liver and gall blader Pathogenesis of tuberculosis.
Immune system, immunological and serological tests for collagen vascular disease. Histological diagnosis by flurosent microscopy.
Etiology and laboratory diagnosis of diseases caused by Salmonella, Vibrio, Meningococcus and hepatitis virus.
Lifecycle and laboratory diagnosis of Entamoeba; histolytica, malarial parasite, ascaros.

MEDICINE
Protein energy malnutrition. Medical managemen of:
Come, cerebrovascular accidents, including status asthamaticus, Cardio pulmonary arrest, status epilepticus, acute failure.
Clinical features, etiology and reatment of :
-Coronary heart disease
-Rheumatic heart disease
-Pneumonia
-Cirrhosis of Liver
-amoebic Liver absess
-Peptic ulcer
-Pycolonephiritis
-Leprosy
-Rheumatoid arthritis
- Diabetes mellitus
-Poliomyelitis
-Schizophrenia
-Meningitis
SURGERY
Principples of surgical management of severely injured and process of fracture h`ealing. sMalignant of stomach and thrir surgical management. Sings, symptoms, investighation and management of fractures of femus. Principles of pre-operative and post-operative care.
Clinical manifestations, investigations and management of:
-Hydrocephalus
-Buerger's diseases,
-Bronchogenic carcinoma,
-Appendicitis
- Carcinoma colon,
- Benign prostatic hypertrophy.
- Carcinoma breast,
- Spinabifida.
Cinical manifestations , investigatiouns and surgical managements of:
- Interstinal obstruction
- Acute urinary retention
- Spinal injury
- Haemorrhagic shock
- Pneumothorax.
- Haemetemesis
Preventive and Social Medicine:
Principles of epidemiology , health care delivery.
Concept and general principles of prevention of disease and promotion of health.
National health programmes.
Effects environmental pollution on health.
Concept of balanced diet.
Family planning methds.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Statics- Simple applications of equilibrium equations.

Dynamics- Simple applications of equations if motion , work energy and power.

Theory of Machines- Simple examples of kinematics chains and their inversions.Different types of gears, berings, governors , flywheels and their functions.Static and dynamic balancing of rigid rotors . Simple vibration analysis of bars and shaffs. Linear automatic control systems.

Mechanics of solids- Stress , strain and Hooks Law. Shear and bending moments in beams .Simple bending and torsion of beams ,Springs and thin walled cyliders. Elementary concepts of elastic stability mechanical properties and material testing.

Maunfacturing Science- Mechanics of metal cutting , tool life , economics of machining. cutting tool matericals. Basic types of machine tool and their processes . Automatic machine tools transfer lines . Metal forming processes and machines -shearing, drawing, spinning, rolling , forging, extrusion. Types of casting and welding methods .Powder metallurgy and processing of plastics.

Manufacturing Management- Methods and time study , motion economy and work space design, operation and flow process charts, Cost estimation , break even analysis .Location and layout of plants, material handling . Capital budgeting, job shop and mass production, scheduling dispatching . Routing ,Inventory.

Thermodynamics- Basic concepts , definitions and laws , heat work and temperature , Zeroth law , temperature scales, behavior of pure substances, equations of state, first law and its corollaries second law and its corollaries .Analysis of air standard power cycle ssss, Carnot , Otto , diesel, Brayton cycles. Vapour power cycles , Rankine reheat and regenerative cycles. Refrigeration cycles- Bell Coleman , Vapour absorption and Vapour compression cycle analysis , open and closed cycle gas turbin with intercooling reheating.

Energy Conversion- Flow of steam throught nozzles , critical pressure ratio , shock formation and its effect . Steam Generators , mountings and accessories . Impulse and reaction turbines elements and lauout of thermal power plants .Hydraulic turbines and pumps specific speed, layout of hydraulic power plants.Introduction to nuclear reactors and power plants , handing of nuclear waste.

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning- Refrigeration equipment and operation and maintenance , refrigerants, principles of air conditioning , psychometric chart comfort zones humidification and dehumidification.

Fluid Mechanics- Hydrostatics , continuity equation ,Bernoulli's theprem, flow through pipes , discharge discharge measurement , laminar and turbulent flow , boundary layer concept.

MATHEMATICS

1. Albebra- Elements of set Theory ; Algebra of Real and Complex numbers including Demovire's theorem; Polinomials and polinomial equations; Relation between Coefficients and Roots, symmetric functions of roots; Elements of Group Theory ; Sub , Groups, Permutation , Groups and their elementary properties . Rings, Integral Domains and Fields and their elementary properties.
2. Vector Spaces and Matrices- Vector Space, Linear Dependence and Independence . Subspaces. Basis and Dimension, Finite Dimensional Vector Spaces. Linear Transformation of a Finite Dimensional Vector Space, Matrex Representation . Singular and Nonsingular Transformations , Rank and Nullity.
Matrices: Addition , Multiplication . Determinants of a Matrix, Properties of Determinants of order , Inverse of a Matrix . Cramer's rule
3. Geometry and Vectors- Analuytic geometry of straight lines and conics in cartesian and polar coordinates; three dimensional geometory for planes, straight lines, sphere, cone and cylinder. Addition, Subtraction and Products of Vectors and Simple applications to Geometry.
4. Calculus- Function ,Sequences , Series, Limits, Continuity, Derivatives.
Application of Derivatives- Rates of change , Tangents ,Normals , Mixima, Minima, Rolle's Theorem, Mean Value Theorems of Language and Cauchy, Asymptotes, Curvature. Methods of finding indefinite integrals , Definirte Integrals Fundamental Theorem of integrals Calculus. Volume and Surfaces of revolution.
5. Ordinary Differential Equations: Order and Degree of a Differential ; Equation , First order differential Equations , Singular solution . Geometrical interpretation , Second order equations with constant coefficients.
6. Mechanics- Concepts of particles - Lamina; Rigid Body : Displacement; fokrce; Mass; weight; Motion; Velocity; Speed; Acceleration; Parallelogram of force; Parallelogram of velocity , acceleration; resultant; equilibrium of coplanar force; Moments ; Couples ; Friction; Centre of mass, Gravity ; Laws of motion; Motion of particle in a straight line; simple Harmonic Motion; Motion; under covservative forces; Motion under gravity; Projectile; Escape velocity; Motion of aritificial satellites.
7. Elements of Computer Programming- Binary system, Octal and Hexadecimal systems. Conversion to and from Decimal systems. Codes, Bits, Bytes and Works. Memory of a computer. Arithmetic and Logical operators. Algorithms and Flow Charts.

LAW

(i) Jurisprudence:
1. Nature and concept of law.
2. Schools of Jurisprudence : Analytical , historical, philosophical, sociological and natural.
3. Administration of Justice: Theories of Punishment.
4. Sources of Low: Custom, Precedent and Legislation.
5. A few basic Legal concept: (i) Rights and Duties; (ii) Legal Persinality; (iii) Ownership and Possession.
(ii) Constitutional Law of India:
1. Salient features of the Indian Constitution;
2. Preamble;
3. Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties;
4. Constitutional Position and power of President and Governore .
5. Supreme Court and High Courts: Jurdiction , power , appointment and transfer of judges.
6. Union public Service Commission and state public Service commisssion : Their Power and function;
7. Distribution of Legislative and administrative powers between the Union and the States.
8. Emergency provisions.
9. Amendment of the Constitution.
(iii) International Law:
1. Nature and definition of International Law.
2. Sources: Treaty, Custom ,General Principles of Law recognized by civilized nations and subsidiary means of determaination of law.
3. State Recignition and State Succession.
4. The United Nations : it objectives, purpose and principal organs; the Constitution , role and jurisdiction of the International Court of justice.
5. Protection of Human Right : (i) Provision in the UN Charter; (ii) Universal Declaration of Human Right , 1948; (iii)International Covenant of civil and Political Rights, 1966;(iv) International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. 1966.
(iv) Torts:
1. Nature and definition of Tort.
2. Liability based on fault and Strict liability.
3. Vicarious liability including State liability.
4. Joint Tort - feasors.
5. Negligence.
6. Defamation.
7. Conspiracy.
8. Nuisance.
9. False Imprisonment
10. Malicious Prosecution.
(v) Criminal Law:
1. General principles of criminal liability; Mens rea and actus rens.
2. Preparation and criminal attempts.
3. General exceptions;
4. Joint and constructive liability;
5. Abetment;
6. Criminal conspiracy;
7. Sedition;
8. Murder and culpable homicide;
9. Theft; extortion , robbery and dacoity;
10. Misappropriation and Criminal Branch of Trust;
(vi) Law of Contract
1. Definition of contract.
2. Basic elements of contract; offer, acceptance, consideration, contractual capacity.
3. Factors vitiating consent.
4. Void, voidable , illegal and unenforceable agreements.
5. Wagering agreements.
6. Contingent contracts.
7. Perfrmance of contracts.
8. Dissolution of contractual obligations , frustration of contracts.
9. Quasi- contracts.
10. Remedies for branch of contract.

INDIAN HISTORY

SECTION-A
1. Prehistoric cultures in India.
2. Indus Civilization . Origins.The Mature Phase: extent ,society, economy and culture. Contacts with other cultures .Problems of declie.
3. Geographical distribution and characteristics of pastoral and farming communities outside the Indus region , from the neolithic to early iron phases.
4. Vedic society . The Vedic texts: change from Regvedic to later Vedic phases .Religion; Upanishadic thought . Political and social organisations ; evolutuion of monarchy and varna system.
5. State formation and urbanization from the mahajanapadas to the Nandas. Jainism and Buddhism. Factors for the spread of Buddhism.
6. The Mauryan Emipire . Chandragupta; Megasthenes.Asoka and his inscriptions ; his dhamma administration , culture and art . The Arthasastra.
7. Post -mauryan India ;BC 200-AD 300. Society : Evolution of jatis. The Satavahanas and state formation in Peninsula .Sangam texts and society. Indo- Greeks, Sakas, Parthians, Kushanas; Kanishka. Contacts with the outside world. Regligion: Saivism, Bhagavatism, Hinayana and Mahayana Buddhism; jainism; Culture and art.
8. The Guptas and Their Sussessors {to c. 750 Ad}. Chola Empire. Agrarian of organisation of empire. Economy and society. Lierature and Science Arts.
SECTION-B
9.Early Medieval Indua. Major dynasties; the Chola Empire. Agrarian and Political strcturea. The Rajaputras. Extentof social mobility. Postition of woman. The Arabs in Sind and the Ghaznavides.
10.Cultural trends, 750-1200, Religious conditiond: importance of temples and monastic instutions: Sankaracharya: Islam: Sufism. Literature and Science. Alberuni's 'India' . Art and architecture.
11-12. Thirteenth and fourteenth Centuries: Ghorian invasions causes and consequences. Delhi Sultanate under the 'Slave' Rulers. Alauddin Khalji: Conquests; administraative, agrarian and economic measures. Muhammad Tughluq's innovations. Firuz Tughluq and the decline of the Delhi Sultanate. Growth of commerce and urbanization. Mystic movements in Hinduism and Islam. Literature. Architecture' Technological changes.
13. The fifteeth and early 16th Century : major Provincial dynasties; Vijauyanagara Empire.The Lodis , First phase of the Mughal Empire : Babur , Humayun.The Sur empire and administration . The Portuguese.
Montheistic movements: Kabir; Guru Nanak and Sikhism; Bhakti .Growth of regional literatures. Art and Culture.
14-15. The Mughal Empire, 1556-1707 . Akbar : conquests , admini strative measures, jagir and mansab systems ; polic of sulh-i-kul. Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb: expansion in the Deccan : religious policies Shivaji Culture : Persian and regional literatures. Religious thought :Abul Fazl; Maharashtra dharma . Painting Architecture.
Economy: conditions of peasants and artisans , growth in trade; commerce with Europe . Social stratification and status of women.
16.Decline of Mughal Empire, 1707-61. Causes behind decline. Maratha power under the Peshwas. Regional states. The Afghans. Major elements of composite culture. Sawai jai Singh , astronomer. Rise of Urdu language.
SECTION-C
17.British expansion: The Carnatic Wars, Conquest of Bengal. Mysore and its resistance to British expansion : The three Anglo- Maratha Wars. Early structure of British raj : Regulating and pitt's India Acts.
18. Economic Impact of the British Raj: Drain of Wealth (Tribute); land revenue settlements (zamindari, ryotwari, mahalwari); Deindustrialisation ; Railways and commercialisation of agriculture; Growth of landless labour.
19. Cultural encounter and social change : Introduction of western education and modern ideas. Indian Renaissance , Social and religious reform movements; growth of Indian middle class; The press and its impact: rise of modern literature in Indian languages measures befour 1857.
20.Resistance to British rule: Early uprisings; The 1857 Revolt-causes, nature, course and consequences.
21. Indian Freedom struggle- the phase: Growth of national consciousness; Formation of Association ; Establishment of the Indian National Congress and its Moderate phase :- Economic Nationalism; Swadeshi movement ; The growth of 'Extremism' and the 1907 split in Congress; The Act of 1909 - the policy of Divide and Rule; Congress- League Pact of 1916.
22.Gandhi and his thought ; Gandhian techniques of mas mobilisation Khilafat and Non Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience and Quit India Movement ; Other strands in the National Movement- Revolutionaries , the Left, Subhas Chandra Bose and the Indian National Army.
23. Separatist Trends in Indian nationalist politics- the Muslim League and the Hindu Mahasabha : The post -1945 devolopments; Partition and Independence.
24. India independent to 1964. A parliamentary , secular , dmocratic republic the 1950 Constitution ).Jawaharlal Nehru's vision of a devoloped , socialist society . Planning and state - controlled industrialization . Agrarian reforms. Foreign polic of Non-alignment. Border conflict with China , and Chinese aggression.

GEOLOGY

PART-I
(a) General Geology-Solar System. The Earth : its origin, age and internal constitution. Vocanoes-types, distribution geological effectesand productes. Earth-quakes-intensity, magnitude, distriution, causes and effectes. Elementary ideas about
isostasy, geosynclines, mountain building, continental drift, sea floor spreading and plate tectonics.
(b) Geomorphology-Basic concepts. External and internal processes. Rock weathering. Cycle of erosion. Fluvial landforms
and drainage patterns. Land-forms of aeolian, marine, glacial and 'Karst' landscapes. Element of Remote Sensing.
(c) Stuctural and Field Geology-Primary and secondary structures. Dip and strike of beds.Unconformities.Study of folds, jointes, faults, foliation and lineations. Overthrusts and nappe structures. Stages of rock deformation.Construction of blcok
diagrams. Stereographic and equal-area nets. Solutions of simple prolems by stereographic net.
Topographic maps and their interpretation. Use of clinometer compass in the field Measurments of bed, foliation, folds joints, faults and lineations in the field . Principles of geological mapping . Effects of topography on outcrops. Drawing of section.
PART-II
(a) Crystallography- Elements of crystal structure. Laws of crystallography , Symmetry elements of normal classes of seven crystal systems.
Properties and interaction of light and crystalline matter. Petrological imicroscope and accessories . Construction and use of Nicole prism Pleochroism, double refraction , extinction angle, birefringence and twinning in crystals , Isotropic ,uniaxial and biaxial minerals.
(b) Mineralogy- Physical , chemical and optical properties of the following common rock forming minerals : quartz, feldsper , mica , pyroxene amphibole, olivine , gamet , chlorite , carbonates , aluminosilicates . Structure of silicates and crystal chemistryof minerals .Gemstones.
(c) Economic Geology- Ore, ore mineral and gangue . Classification of ore deposits . Important processes of their formation . Occurrence, origin and distribution in India of the ores of aluminium, chromium, , copper , gold, lead,zinc, iron, manganese and radioactive elements Deposits of minerals use as abrasives, refractories and in ceramics, deposits of coal and petroleum. Elements of prospecting for mineral deposits.
PART-III
(a) Igneous Petrology-Origin of magma and formation of igneous rocks. Bowen's reaction principle. Crystallisation of binary systems. Classification of igneous rocks . Textures and structures of igneous rocks. Composition , origin and mode of occurrence of granite , diorit, mafic and ultramafic groups, anorthosites and alkaline rocks.
(b) Sedimentary Petrology- Sedimentary process and products. Classification of sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary structures. Residual deposits- their mode of formation , chacteristics and types . Clastic deposits their classification , mineral composition and texture.Elementry ideas about the origin and characteristice of quartz arenites, arkoses and graywackes. Siliceous and calcareous deposits of chemical and organic origin.
(c) Metamorphic Petrology- Types and factors of metamorphism. Zones , grades and facies of metamorphism. Regional and contact metamorphism. Textures and structures of metamorphic rocks. Metamorphism of argillaceous , arenaceous , calcareous and basic rocks. Metasomatism.
PART-IV
(a) Paleontology-Habits and habitats of animals .Fossils and fossilization . Modes of preservation. Application of fossils, Study of morphology and geological history of Forminiferida, Brachipoda, Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda, Trilobita, Echinoides and Anthozoa.
Mammals of Sivalik Group.A Echinoidea and Anthozoa.
(b) Stratigraphy and Geology of India- Fundamental laws of stratigraphy. Stratigraphic classification lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic.Geological time scale.
Physiographic division and outline of stratigraphy of India .Brief study of Dharwar, Vindhyan and Gondwana Supergroups and Siwalik Groups with reference to their major subdivision , lithology, fossils,areal distribution and economic importance.

GEOGRAPHY

SECTION-A
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
(i) Geomorphology- Origin of the earth; Geological Time Scale; Interior of the earth; Types and characterisitics of rocks; Folding and Faulting ; Volcanoes; Earth quakes; Weathering; Landforms caused by fluvial , aeolian and glacial actions.
(ii) Climatology-Structure and composition of atmosphere; Temperature; Pressure belts and Wind systems; Clouds and rainfall types ; Cyclones and anti- cyclones; Major climatic types.
(iii)Oceanography-Ocean relief; Temperature;Salinity; Ocean deposits; Ocean currents,EI Nino and La Nino ; Waves and tides.
(iv) Biogeography- Origin and types of soils; Major biomes of the world; Ecosystem and food chai; Environmental degradation and conservation.
SECTION-B
HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
(i) Man and Environment Relationship- Growth and development of Human Geography ; Concepts of Determinism and Possibilism.
(ii) Population- Races of mankind and tribes; growth and distribution of world population; migration; population problems of developed and developing countries.
(iii) Econimic Activities-Food gathering and hunting ; pastoral pastoral herding; fishing and forestry; Type of agriculture- shifting ,subsistence, commercial and plantation; Mining Power; Manufacturing - locational factors of textile iron and steel, suger and fertilizer industries; Tertiary activities trade , transport , communication and services.
(iv) Settlements-Origin types and patterns of rural settlements; Processess of urbanisation ; morphology and functional classification of towns; million - cities and mega -cities.
SECTION-C
GEOGRAPHY OF THE WORLD
(i) Major Natural Reions: Characteristics, economic base and human adaptation.
(ii) Regional Geography of Developed Countries: Canada ,U.S.A Western Europe ,Russia, Japan, Australia and New Zealand.
(iii)Regiinal Geography of Developing Countries : S.E Asia , S.W . Asia , China ,Southern Africa and Brazil.
(iv) Regional Geography of South Asia.
SECTION-D
GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA
(i) Physical Setting-Landforms, drainage, climate, soils and natural vegetation.
(ii) Economic Base-Minerals & energy resources aquatic resources, forest resources: irrigation , agriculture and industries; trade and commerce.
(iii) Population - Growth , distribution and density; demographic characteristice .
(iv) Environmental problems, developmental issues and regional planning.
SECTION-E
GEOGRAPHICAL THOUGHT
(i) Ancient Period-Contributions of indians,Greeks, Romans and Arabs.
(ii) Pre-Modern Period-Contribution of Verenius ,Kant ,Humboldt and Ritter.
(iii) Moder Period-Dichotomy of determinism and possibilism ; contributions of Ratzel, Semple, Huntington and La Blache.
(iv) Recent Period-Quantitive Revolution; Radicalism, Behaveouralism and Humanism
SECTION-F
TECHNIQUES OF GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS
(i) Maps- Scale and types, uses.
(ii) Diagrams- Types and uses
(iii) Projections- Types, characteristics and uses.
(iv) Remote sensing and grographical information system (GIS)- Aerial photographs and imagery, GIS.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Electrical Circuits Theory and Application-Circuit components network graphs , KCL, KVL ; circuit analysis methods : nodal analysis mesh analysis : basic network theorems and applicatons: transient analysis :RL,RC and RLC circuits : sinusoidal steady state analysis resonant circuits and applications coupled ciruits and application : balanced 3 Phase circuits Two port network driving point and transfer function ; poles and zeros of network function.
Signals & Systems-Representation of continuous time and discretetime signals & system 's LTI system ; convolution impules response time domain analysis ok LIT system based on convolution and differential / difference equation Fourier transform, Laplace transform ,Z-transform Transfer function Sampling and recovery of signals.
Control System-Elements of control system ; block -diagram representations; open -loop & closed -loop system; principles and applications of feedback LTI system: time domain and transform domian analsis Stabilits: Routh Hurwiz criterion root -loci ,Nyquist 's criterion Bode-plots Design of lead -lag compensators; Proportional , Pl ,PID controllers.
E.M.Theory-Electro-static and megneto- static field; Maxwell's equation; e.m waves and wave and wave equation ; wave progagation and antemmas; transmission lines ; micro wave resonators, cavities and wave guides.
Electrical Engineering Materials-Electrical/electronic behaviors of materials; conductivity ; Free electrons and band theory intrinsic and extrinsic semi conductor p-n junction ; solar cells super- conductivity Dielectric behaviour of materials : polarization phenomena ; piezo-electric phenomena .Megnetic materical : behaviour and application.
Analog Electronics-Diode circuits ; rectifiers filters, clipping and clamping zener diode and voltage regulation , Bipolar and field effect transistors (BJT, JFET and MOSFET) : Characteristics, bisaing and small signal equivalent circuits ,Basic amplifier circuits differential amplifier circuits. Amplifiers: analysis frequency response.Princples of feedback; OPAMP circuits; filters; oscillators.
Digital Electronice-Boolean algebre; minimiation of Boolean function ; logic gates, digital IC families (DTL,TTL,ECL,MOS,CMOS) . Combinational circuits : arithmetic circuits , code converters , multiplexers and decoder's Sequential circuits : latches and flip -flops , counters and shiftregisters .Conparators, times , multivibrators. Sample and hold circuits ; ADCs and DACs .Semiconductor memories.
Communication Systems-Fourier analysis of signals: amplitude , phase and power spectrum , auto- correlation and cross- correlation and their Fourier transforms. Analog modulation system : amplitude and angle modulation and demodulation sysytem , spectral analysis ; superheterodyne receivers. Pulse code modulaion (PCM) , differential PCM , delta modulation Digital modulation schemes: amplitude ,phase and frequency shift keying schemes (ASK, PSK , FSK). Multiplexing : time -division, frequency division. Additive Gaussian noise : characterization using correlation , probability density function, power spectral density , Signal to- noise ratio calculations for AM and FM. Elements of digital communication systems : source coding , channel coding ; digitqal modulation &demolution. Elements of information theory. channel capacity Elementsofsatellite andmobile communication principles of televisionengineering ; radar egineering and radio aids to navigation.
Computers and Microprocessors - computer organization; number representation and arithmetic, functional organization, machine instructions addressing modes ALU, hardwired and microprogrammed control, memory organization. Elements of microprocessors : B-bit microprocessors-architecture, instruction set, assembly level programming, memory, I/O interfacing, microcontrollers and applications.
Measurement and Instrumentation- Error analysis; measurement of current voltage, power energy, power-factor, resistance, inductance capacitance and frequency; dridge meaurements. Electronic measuring instruments : multimeter, CRO, digitral voltmeter, frequency counter; Q - meteerspectrum - analyser , distortion - meter. Transducers : thermocouple ,theermisor LVDT,
strain- guages, piezo - electric crystal . Use of teansducers in measure - ment ofnon - electrical quantities Data - acquisition saytems.
Energy Conversion-Single - phase transformer : equivalent circuit, Phasor-diagram , tests regulation and efficiency; three-phase transformer; auto transformer.Principle of energy conversion d.c.generators and motors. Performers characteristics starting and speed control armature reaction and commutation; three phase induction motor; performance characteristics starting and speed control . Single phase induction motor. Synchronous generators: performamce characteristic , regulation , parallel operation Sysnchronous motors: starting characteistics ,applications ; synchronous condensor .FHP motors, permanent magnet and stepper motors, brushless d.c motors, single phase motors.
Power Systems-Electric power generation : thermal hydro nuclear . Transmission line parameters: steady-state performance of overhead transmission line and cables. Distribution system : insulators, bundle conductors , corona and radio interference effects; per -unit quantites;bus admittance and impedance matrices ; load flow ; voltage control and power factor correction ,Economic operation .Principles of over current differential and distance protection ;Soild state relays , circuit breakers , concept of system stability .HVDC transmission.
Power Electronics and Electric Drives- semicnductor power devices:diode , transistor , thyristor, triac, GOT and MOSFET , static characteristics, principles of operation ; triggering circuits ; phase contrkolled rectifiers ; bridgeconverters-fully controlled and half controlled; princples of thyristor chopper and inverter. Basic of speed control of DC and Ac motor drives.
Elements of IC Fabrication Technology-Overview of IC Techonlolgy .Unit steps used in IC fabrication: wafer cleaning photolithography ,wet and dry etching , oxdidation diffusion ion-implantation , CVD and LPCVD techniques for deposition of polysilion , sillicon sillconpnitrde and sillion dioxide: metallisation and passivation.

COMMERCE

PART-1
ACCOUNTING AND AUDITING
Accounting- Nature , Scope and objectives of Accounting – Accounting as an Information system . Users of Accounting Information.
Genrerally Accepeted Principles of Accounting – The Accounting Equation Accrual Concept – Other concepts and conventions. Distinction between capital and revenue expenditure . Accounting Standards and their application Accounting Standards relating to fixed assets. Depreciation inventory , recognition of revenue.
Final Accounts of Sole Proprietors , Partnership Firms and Limited Companies – Statutory Provisions –Reserves, Provisions and Funds.
Final Accounts of not –for profit organization . Accounting problems related to admission and retiremnt of a partner and dissolution of a firm.
Accounting for Shares and Debentures Accounting Treatment of Convertible debentures . Analysis and Interpretation of Financial Statements Ratio analysis and interpretation . Ratios relation to short term liquidity , long term solvency and profitability – importance of the rate of return on investment (ROI) in evaluating the overall performance of a business entity Cash – flow statement and Statement of Source and Application of Funds Societal obligations of Accounting.
Auditing- Nature , objectives and basic principles of auditing .
Techniques of Auditing – Physical verification, examination of documents and vouching , direct confirmation, analytical review.
Planning an audit, audit programmes, working papers, audit process.
Evaluation of internal controls.
Test checking and sampling.
Board outline of company audit.
Audit of non- corporate enterprises .
Internal and management audit.
PART-II
BUSINESS ORGANISATION
Distinctive features of different forms of business organization.
Sole Proprietor- partnerships- characteristics, Registration, Partnership deed, Rights and duties ,Retirement , Dissolution.
Joint Stock Company – Concept , characteristice types.
Cooperative and State ownerships forms of organizations.
Types of securities and methods of their issue.
Economic functions of the capital market , stock exchanges , Mutual Funds. Control and regulation of capital market.
Business combinations; control of Monopolies . Problems of modernization of industrial enterprises. Social Responsibility of business.
Foreign Trade- Procedure and financing of import and export trade. Incentives for export promotion. Financing of foreign trade.
Insurance- Principles and practice of Life, Fire, Marine and General insurance.
MANAGEMENT
Management function- Planning – strategies, organizing levels of authority Staffing , Line function and staff function, Leadership , Communication , Motivation , Directing – Principles , Strategies.
Coordination – Concept , types methods.
Control- Principles , performance standards ,corrective action . Salary and wage administration – job evaluation .
Organisation Structure – Centralization and decentralization – Delegation of authority – Span of control – Management by Objectives and Management by Exception
Management ok change ; Crisis Management.
Office Management – scope and principles ; systems and routines; handling of records – modern aids to Office management; Office equipment and machines; Automation and Personal computers.
Impact of Organisation and Methods (O&M)
Company Law
Joint stock companies – incorporation ; document and formalities- Doctrine of indoor management and constructive notice.
Duties and power of board of directors of a company.
Accounts and Audit of Companies
Company Secretary- role and functions- qualifications for appointment.

CIVIL ENGINEERING

PART-A
1.Engineering Mechanics- Units and Dimensions, SI Units Vectors, Concept of Force, Concept of particle and rigid body . Concurrent nonconcurrent , and parallel forces in a plane, moment of force and Varignon’s theorem, free body diagram, conditions of equilibrium, Principle of virtual work, equivalent force system.
First and Second Moments of area. Mass moments of Inertia.
Static Friction Inclined plane and berings.
Kinematics and Kinetics- Kinematics in Cartesian and polar coordinates ,motion under uniform and non-uniform acceleration , motion under gravity . Kinetics of particle : Momentum and Energy principles D’ Alembert’s Principle , Collision of elastic bodies, rotation of rigid bodies, simple harmonic motion.
2.Strength of Materials- Simple stress and Strain ,Elastic constants , axially loaded compression members, Shear force and bending moment , theory of simple bending, Shear stress distribution across cross sections, Beams of uniform strength . Leafspring, Strain Energy in direct stress, bending and shear.
Deflection of beams- Macaulay’s method , Mohr’s moment area method, Conjugate beam method , unit load method . Torsion of Shafts, Transmission of power , closecoiled helical springs, Elastic stability of columns: Euler’s Rankine ‘s and Secant formulate . Principal Stresses and Strains in two dimensions, Mohr’s Circle. Theories of Elastic Failure, Thin and Think cylinders: Stresses due to internal and external pressures- Lame’s equation.
3.Structural Analysis- Analysis of pin jointed plane trusses, deflection in trusses. Three hinged and two hinged arches, rib shortening, temperature effects, influence lines in arches. Analysis of propped cantilevers , fixed beams, continuous beams and rigid frames. Slope deflection moment distribution , Kani’s method and Matrix method: Force and Displacement methods. Rolling loads and influence lines for determinate beams and pin jointed trusses.
PART-B
Geotechnical Engineering- Type of soil , field identification and classification, phase relationships , consistency limits , particle size distribution, classification of soil , structure and clay mineralogy.
Capillary water and structural water, effective stress and pore water pressure , Darcy ‘s Law , factors affecting permeability , determination of permeability , permeability of stratified soil deposits.
Seepage pressure , quick sand condition ,compressibility and consolidation , Terzaghi’s theory of one dimensional consolidation , consolidation test. Compaction of soil optimum moisture content , Proctor Density. Sub surface exploration , methods of boring , sampling , type of sampler, field tests.
Shear strength of soils, Mohr-coloumb failure theory. Shear tets Earth pressure at rest active and passive pressures , Rankine ‘s theory, Coloumb’s wedge theory , earth pressure on retaining wall.
Bearing capacity , Terzaghi and other important theories , net and gross bearing pressure , Immediate and consolidation settlement .
Load carrying capacity of pile groups.
Stability of solpe – Conventional method of slices , stability numbers.
Transportation Engineering- Highway alignment , choice of layout and capacity of highways , location survey , geometric design of highways- various elements , curves , grade separation and segregation of traffic, intersection design, highway materials and testing subgrade and pavement components , types of pavements , road drainage elements of airport engineering.
Railway engineering –elements of permanent track – rails, sleepers, ballast and rail fastenings, tractive resistance, elements of geometric design gradients and grade compensation on curves cant transition curves and vertical curves, stresses in railway tracks , points and crossings ,signaling and interlocking , maintenance of railway track. Culverts and small bridges.
PART-C
Fluids Mechanics- Fluid properties , fluid statics, forces on plane and curved surfaces , stability of floating and submerged bodies.
Kinematics- Velocity streamlines , continuity equation , accelerations irrotational and rotational flow , velocity potential and stream functions, flownet ,separation.
Dynamics- Euler’s equation along streamline , control volume equation, continuity momentum , energy and moment of momentum equation from control volume equation , applications to pipe flow , moving vanes, moment of momentum , Dimensional analysis.
Boundary layer on a flat plate , drag and lift on bodies. Laminar and Turbulent Flows. Laminar and turbulent flow through pipes, friction factor variation , pipe network, water hammer and surge tanks.
Open Channel Flow- Energy and momentum correction factors, uniform and non-uniform flows, specific energy and specific force , critical depth, Friction factors and roughness coefficients , flow in transitions, free overfall weirs , hydraulic jump , surges , gradually varied flow equations, surface profiles, moving hydraulic jump.
PART-D
Environmental Engineering
Water Supply- Estimation of surface and subsurface water resources, predicting demand for water , impurities of water and their significance, physical , chemical and bacteriological analysis , water borne diseases standards for portable water.
Intake of Water- Pumping and gravity schemes , water treatment : principles of coagulation , floculation and sedimentation; slow, rapid, pressure , filters; chlorination ,softening removal of taste , odour and salinity.
Water storage and distribution : storage and balancing reservoir types, location and capacity .Distribution systems: layout hydraulics of pipe lines, pipe fittings valves including check and pressure reducing valves meters, analysis of distribution system , leak detection , maintenance of distribution systems , pumping stations and their operations.
Sewerage systems- Domestic and industrial wastes, storm sewage separate and combined systems flow through sewers, design of sewers, sewer appurtenances, manholes, inlets, junctions, siphon. Plumbing in Public buildings.
Sewage characterization- BOD, COD, solids, dissolved oxygen , nitrogen and TOC. Standards of disposal in normal water course and on land .
Sewage treatment- Working principles , units chambers, sedimentation tank , trickling filters, oxidations ponds , activated sludge process, septic tank , disposal of sludge , recycling of waste water.
Construction Mangagement- Elements and principles of Activity on Arrow (AOA0 and Activity on Node (AON) networks and work breakdown structure . Interfaces .Ladder networks. Activity time. Time computations and floats . ATC and PTC trade – off . Work study and sampling . Scheduling principles material schedules. ABC and EOQ analysis of inventory. Budgeting with barcharts. Working capital . PERT , probability of completion.
Elements of Engineering Economics , methods of appraisal , present worth ,annual cost , benefit cost , incremental analysis . Economy of scale and size. Choosing between alternatives including levels of investments. Project profitability.

CHEMISTRY

SECTION-A (INORGANIC CHEMISTRY)
1.1Atomic structure- Schrodinger wave equation , significance of Y and Y2 and quantum and their significance, redial and angular probability , shapes of orbitals , relative energies of atomic orbitals as a function of atomic number . Electronic configurations of elements; Aufbau principle .Hund’s multiplicity rule, pauli exclusion principle.
1.2Chemical periodicity- periodic classification of elements , salient characteristics of services s, p, d and f block elements .Periodic trends of atomic radii ionic radii, ionization potential , electron affinity and electronegativity in the periodic table.
1.3 Chemical bonding – Types of bonding, overlap of atomic orbitals, sigma and pi bond hydrogen and metallic bonds . Shapes of molecules , bond order, bond length, V.S.E.P.R. theory and bond angles. The concept of hybridization and shapes of molecules and ions.
1.4 Oxidation states and oxidation number-Oxidation and reduction , oxidation numbers, common redox reactions , ionic equations . Balancing of equations for reduction reactions.
1.5 Acids and bases- Bronsted and Lewis theories of acids and bases. Hard and soft acids and bases. HSAB principle , relative strengths of acids and bases and the effect of substituents and solvents on their strength .
1.6 Chemistry of elements-
(i)Hydrogen- Its unique position in the periodic table , isotopes , ortho and para hydrogen , industrial production , heavy water.
(ii)Chemistry of s and p block elements- Electronic configuration , general characteristics properties , inert pair effect, allotropy and catenation. Special emphasis on solution of alkaline earth metals in liquid ammonia . Perparation , properties and structures of boric acid , borates , boron, nitrides, borohydride (diborane) , carborances, oxides and oxyacids of nitrogen. Phosphorous, sulphur and chlorine; interhalogne compounds , polyhalide ions , pseudohalogens , flurocarbons and basic properties of halogens. Chemical reactivity of noble gases, preparation , structure and bonding of noble gas compounds.
(iii) Chemistry of d block elements- Transition metals including lanthanides, general characteristic properties , oxidation states, magnetic behaviour, colour . First row transition mentals and general properties of their compounds (oxides , halides and sulphides ); lanthanide contraction.
1.7 Extraction of metals-Principles of extraction of metals as illustrated by sodium, magnesium , aluminium, iron , nickel , copper , silver and gold.
1.8 Nuclear chemistry- Nuclear reactions; mass defect and binding energy, nuclear fission and fusion . Nuclear reactors; radioisotopes and their applications.
1.9 Coordination compounds- Nomenclature , isomerism and theories of coordination compounds and their role in nature and medicine.
1.10 Pollution and its control- Air pollution , type of air pollutants ; control of air and water pollution; radioactive pollution.
SECTION-B (ORGANIC CHEMISTRY)
2.1 Bonding and shapes of organic molecules-Electro –negativity, electron displacements- inductive, mesomeric and hyperconjugative effects; bond polarity and bond polarizability diopole moments of organic molecules; hydrogen bond; effects of solvent and structure on dissonciation constants of acids and bases ; bond formation, fission of covalent bond : homolysis and heterolysis ; reaction intermediates – carbocations, carbanions , free radicals and carbenes; generation , geometry and stability ; nucleophiles and electrophiles.
2.2 Chemistry of aliphatic compounds-Nomenclature alkenes sysnthesis reactions (free radical halogenation) reactivity and selectivity, sulphonation – detergents; cycloalkanes- Baeyer’s strain theory; alkanes and alkynes- synthesis, electrohilic addition ; reactions , Markownikov’s rule, peroxide effects, 1-3 – dipolar addition ; nucliophilic addition to electron deficient alkenes; polymerization ; relative acidity ; synthesis and reactions of alkyl halides, alkanols ,alkanals, alkanones , alkanoic acids, esters amides, nitriles , amines , acid anhydrides, a , B- unsaturated ketones, ethers and nitro compounds.
2.3 Stereochemistry of carbon compounds- Elements of sysmmetry, chiral and achiral compounds. Fischer projection formulae; optical isomerisom of lactic and tartaric acids, enantiomerism and diastereo isomerism; configuration (relative and absolute); conformations of alkanes upto four carbons, cyclohexane and dimethylcyclo-hexanes- their potential energy. D,L and R, S- notations of compounds containing chiral centres; projection formulae-Fischer , Newman and sawhorse – of compounds containing two adjacent chiral centres; meso and di-isomers, erythro and threo isomers racemization and resolution ; examples of homotopic, entantiotopic and diasteretopic atoms and groups in organic compounds, geometrical isomers; E and Z notations . stereochemistry of SNI, SN2, EI, and E2 reactions.
2.4 Organometallic compounds – Preparation and synthetic uses of Grignard reagents, alky 1 Iithium compounds.
2.5 Active methylene compounds- Diethy 1 malonate, ethy acetoacetate, ethy1 cyanoacetate – applications in organic synthesis ; tautomerism (keto- enol).
2.6 Chemistry of aromatic compounds- Aromaticity ; Huckel’s rule; electrophillic aromatic substitution- nitration, sulphonation, halogenation (nuclear and side chain), Friedel – Crafts alkylation and acylation , subsitituents effect; chemistry and reactivity of aromatic halides, phenols , nitro- diazo, diazonium and sulphonic acid derivatives , benzyne reactions.
2.7 Chemistry of biomolecules-

(i) Carbohydrates- Classification, reactions, structure of glucose , D L-configuration, osazone formation ; fructose and sucrose ; step – up step- down of aldoses and ketoses , and their interconversions.
(ii) Amino acids- Essential amino acids; zwitterions , isoelectric point, polypeptides; proteins; methods of synthesis of a amino acids.
2.8 Basic principles and applications of UV, visible, IR and NMR spectroscopy of simple organic molecules.
SECTION-C (PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY)
3.1 Gaseous state-Deviation of real gases from the equation of state for an ideal gas, van der Waals and Viril equation of states , critical phenomena , principle of correrponding states, equation for reduced state. Liquification of gases , distribution of molecular speed , collisions between molecules in a gas; mean free path , specific heat of gases.
3.2 Thermodynamics-

(i) First law and its applications: Thermodynamic systems, states and processes work, heat and internal energy zeroth law of thermodynamics various types of work done on a system in reversible and irreversible processes. Calorimetry and thermochemistry , enthalpy and enthalpy changes in various physical and chemical processes, Joule – Thomson effect, inversion temperature . Heat capacities and temperature dependence of enthalpy and energy changes.
(ii) Second law and its applications- Spontaneity of a process entropy and entropy changes in various processes, free energy functions , criteria for equilibrium , relation between equilibrium constant and thermodynamic quantites.
3.3 Phase rule and its applications- Equilibrium between liquid , solid and vapours of a pure substance, Clausius- Clapeyron equation and its applications, Number of components, phases and degrees of freedom; phase rule and its applications; simple systems with one (water and sulphur) and two components (lead –silver , salt hydrates). Distribution law, its modifications, limitations and applications.
3.4 Solution- Solubility and its temperature dependence , partially miscible liquids , upper and lower critical solution temperatures, vapour pressures of liquids over their mixtures , Raoult’s and Henry’s laws , fractional and steam distillations.
3.5 Colligative Properties- Dilute solutions and colligative properties, determination of molecular weights using colligative properties.
3.6 Electrochemistry- Ions in solutions , ionic equilibria, dissociation constants of acids and bases, hydrolysis , pH and buffers, theory of indicators and acid- base titrations. Conductivity of ionic solutions , its variation with concentration , Ostwald’s dilution law. Kohlraush law and its application . Transport number and its determination .Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, galvanic cells and measurements of their e.m.f., cell reactions, standard cell , standard reduction potential, Nernst equation , relation between thermodynamic quantities and cell e.m.f., fuel cells , potentiometric titrations
3.7 Chemical kinetics- Rate of chemical reaction and its dependence on concentrations of the reactants , rate constant and order of reaction and their experimental determination; differential and integral rate equations for first and second order reaction , helf – life periods ; temperature dependence of rate constant and Arrhenius parameters; elementary ideas regarding collision and transition state theory.
3.8 Photochemistry- Absorption of light , laws of photochemistry , quantum yield , the excited state and its decay by radiative , nonradiative and chemical pathways; simple photochemical reactions.
3.9 Catalysis- Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis and their characteristics , mechanism of heterogeneous catalysis; enzyme catalysed reaction (Michaelis Menten mechanism).
3.10 Colloids- The colloidal state, preparation and purification of colloids and their characteristics properties ; lyophilic and lyphobic colloids and coagulation; protection of colloids; gels, emulsions, surfactants and micelles.

BOTANY

Cell Biology-Structure and function of cell wall (extracellular matrix or ECM). Cell membrane cell organelles. Nucleus. Nucleolus nuclear pore complex (NPC), chromosome and nucleosome. Mitosis, meiosis, molecular control involving check- points in cell division cycle. Differentiation, Cellular senescence.
Genetices, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – Laws of inheritance .Concept of gene and allelomorph .Linkage crossing over and gene . mapping Structural and allelomorph . Linkage crossing over and gene mapping . Structural and numerical changes in chromosomes and gene mutation .Sex determination and differentiation .Structure and synthesis of nucleic acide and proteins .Genetic code. Regulation of gene expression . Genetic engineering and crop improvement . Protoplast, cell , tissue and organ cultures. Somatic hybridization , Biofertilizers and biopesticides . Biotechnology in agri- horticulture . medicine and industry.
Tissue Systems- Origin, development , structure and function of primary and secondary tissue.
Plant Diversity and systematics- Structure and function of plant forms from evolutionary aspects (virues to Angiosperms including fossile). Principles of nomenclature, classification and identification of plants . Modern approaches in plant taxonomy .Recent classification of living organism into three groups ( bacteria , archaea and eukarya).
Plant Physiology-Water relations. Mineral nutrition .Photosynthesis .Respiration .Nitrogen metabolism. Enzymes and coenzymes. Dynamics of growth , growth movements growth substances, photomorphogenesis . Secondary metabolites .Isotopes in biological studies . Physiology of flowering .
Methods of Reproduction and Seed Biology-Vegetative asexual and sexual methods of reproduction .Pollination and fertilization . Sexual incompatibility . Development , Structure , dormancy and germination of seed.
Plant Pathology-Diseases of rice ,Wheat , sugarcane, potatomustard , groundnut and cotton crops. Factors affecting infection (host factors, pathogen factors, biotic factors like rhizosphere and phyllosphere organisms). Chemical ,biological and genetic methods of disease control (including transgenic plants).
Plant and Environment- Biotic and abiotic components . Ecological adaptation .Types of vegetational zone and forests of India . Deforestation , afforestation, social forestry and plant introduction .Soil erosion, wasteland, reclamation. Environmental polution and its control (including Phytoremediation). Bioindicators. Global warming.
Biodiversity, Plant Genetic Resources-Methods of conservation of plant genetic resources and its importance. Convention of Biologic Diversity (CBD). Endangerd, threatened and endemic taxa. Role of cell/tissue culture in propagation and enrichment of genetic diversity .plants as sources of food , fodder forage fibres , oils, drugs, wood and timber paper , rubber , beverages, spices, essential oils and resins gums ,dyes, insecticides, pesticide and ornamentation . Biomass as a source of energy.
Origin of Life and Evolution- Basic concept of origin of earth and origin of life . Theories of organic evolution , molecular basis of evolution.

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCE

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

1.General-Role of Livestock in Indian Economy and human health . Mixed farming .Agroclimatic zons and livestock distribution . Socioeconomic aspects of livestock enterprise with special reference to women.
2. Genetics and Breeding-Principle of genetics, chemical nature of DNA and RNA and their models and functions . Recombinant DNA technology , transgenic animals multiple ovulation and embryo transfer cytogenetics immunogenetics and biochemical polymorphic and their application in animal improvement Gene actions Systems and strategies for improvement of live stock for milk meat. Wool production and drought and poultry for eggs and meat. Breeding of animals for disease resistance. Breeds of livestock poultry and rabbits.
3. Nutrition-Role of nutrition in animal health and production . Classification of feeds, Proximate composition of feeds feeding standards. Computation of ration .Ruminant nutrition . concepts of total digestible nutrient and starch equivalent systems. Significance of energy determinations . Conservation of feeds and fodder and utilization of agro by products. Feed supplements and additives. Nutrition deficiencies and their management.
4. Management-Systems of housing and management of livestock , poultry and rabbits . Farm record .Economics of livestock , poultry and rabbit farming lean milk production .Veterinary hygienie with reference of water. Purification of water. Air changers and thermal comfort. Drainage systems and effluent disposal .Biogas.
5. Animal Production-(a) Artifical insemination fertility and sterility . Reproductive physiology , semen characteristics and preservation .
Sterility its cause and remedies.
(b) Meat eggs and wool production .Methods of slaughter of meat animals , meat inspection judgment , carcass characteristics ,adulteration and its detection processing and preservation ; Meat products ,quality control and nutritive value , By- products .physiology of egg production , nutritive value , grading of eggs preservation and marketing.
Types of wool , grading and marketing.

Veterinary Science-

(i) Major contagious diseases affecting cattle, buffaloes , horses, sheep and goats ,pig, poultry, rabbits and pet animals- Etiology , symptoms, pathogenicity, diagnosis treatment and control of major bacterial , viral , ricketisial and paraditic infections.
(ii) Description , symptoms, diagnisis and treatment of the following :
production diseases of milch animals, pig and poultry.
Deficiency diseases of domestic livestock and birds.
Poisonings due to infected/ contaminated foods and feeds , chemicals and drugs.
Principles of immunization and vaccination-Different type of immunity, antigens and antibodies. Methods of immunization .Breakdown of immunity , Vaccines and their use in animals.
Zoonoses, Fiidborne infection and intoxications occupation hazards.
(a) Poisons used for killing animals euthanesia.
(b) Drugs used of increasing production/ performance efficiency , and their adverse effects.
(c) Drugs used to tranquilize wild animals as well as animals in captivity.
(d) Quarantine measures in India and abroad . Act, Rule and Regulation
Diary Science-Physicochemical and nutrition properties of milk.
Quality assessment of milk and milk products , Common tests and legal standards . Cleaning and sanitation of dairy equipment .Milk collections , chilling , transportation processing , packaging , storage and distribution . Manufacture of market milk ,Cream butter , cheese , ice –cream , condensed and dried milk , by products and Indian Milk products. Unit operations in dairy plant.
Role of micro organism in quality of milk and products physiology of milk secretion.

AGRICULTURE

Agriculture, its importance in national economy. Factors determining agroecological zones and geographic distribution of crop plants.
Importance of crop plants, cultural practices for cereal, pulses, oilseeds,
Fibre, sugar, tuber and fodder crops and scientific basis for these crop rotations, multiple and relay cropping, intercropping and mixed cropping.
Soil as medium of plant growth and its composition , mineral and organic constituents of the soil and their role in crop production chemical physical and microbiological properties of soil . Essential plant nutrients(macro and micro) – their functions, occurrence, cycling in soils . Principles of soil fertility and its evaluation for judicious fertilizer use. Organic manures and bio-fertilizers . inorganic fertilizers, nutrient management.
Principal of plant physiology with reference to plant nutrition , absorption, transaction and metabolism of nutrients.
Diagnosis of nutrient deficiencies and their amelioration photosynthesis and respiration, growth and development auxins and hormones in plant growth.
Cell and cell organelles. Cell division .Reproductive cycle, Principles of genetics, gene-interaction , sex determination. Linkage and recombination , mutation , extra chromosomal inheritances polyploidy . Origin and domestication of crop plant . Genetic resources – conservation and utilization . Floral biology in relation to selfing and crossing.
Genetic basis of plant breeding pureline selection, mass selection , male sterility and incompatibility and their use in plant breeding . Pedigree selection , back –cross method of selection .Heterosis and its exploitation . Development of hybrids , composites and synthetic , important varieties, hybrids , composites and synthetic of major crops. Seeds and seed –production techniques.
Important fruits and vegetable crop of Indian , method of propagation – Sexual and asexual. Package and practices and their scientific basic . Crop rotation , intercropping , companion crops, role of fruits and vegetables in human nutrition , post harvest handling and processing of fruits and vegetables. Landscaping and ornamental horticulture , commercial flori-culture. Medicinal aromatic plants . Serious pests and diseases affecting major crop. Principles of control of crop pests and diseases, integrated management . Paper use and maintenance of plant protection of equipment .
Principles of economic as applied to agriculture. Farm planning and optimum resource-use efficiency and maximizing income and employment . Farm system and their spatial distribution their significant roles in regional economic development.

GENERAL STUDIES

The paper on General Studies will include question covering the following fields of knowledge :
General Science
Current events of national and international importance.
History of India and Indian National importance.
Indian and world Geography.
Indian Polity and Economy.
General Mental Ability.
Question on General Science will cover general appreciation and understanding of science including matters of everyday observation and experience , as may be expected of a well educated person who has not made a special study of any particular scientific discipline. In current events. Knowledge of significant national and international event will be tested . in History of Indian , emphasis will be on broad general understanding of the subject in its social , economic and political aspects . Questions on the Indian National Movement will relate to the nature and character of the nineteenth century resurgence, growth of nationalism and attainment of independence. In Geography emphasis will be on Geography of Indian Question on the Geography of Indian will relate to physical , social and economic Geography of the country, including the main features of Indian agricultural and natural resources. Questions on Indian polity and Economy will test knowledge of the country`s political system and constitution of Indian , Panchayati Raj, Social Systems and economic developments in Indian . On general mental ability the candidates will be tested on reasoning and analytical abilities.

IAS SYLLABUS

CIVIL SERVICE EXAMINATION (NEW SCHEME)
Service / posts to which recruitment is to be made through the Examination are:
>>Indian Administrative Service.
>>Indian Foreign Service.
>>Indian Police Servic.
>>Indian P& t Accounts & Finance Service , Group `A`.
>>Indian Audit and Accounts Service, Group `A`
>>Indian Revenue Service (Customs and Central Excise), Group `A`.
>>Indian Defrnce Account Service , Group `A`.
>>Indian Revenue Service ,(I.T.) Group`A`.
>>Indian Ordnance Factories Service , Group `A` (Assistant Works Manager, Non – >>technical).
>>Indian Postal Service ,Group `A`.
>>Indian Civil Accounts Service ,Group `A`
>>Indian Railway Traffic Service ,Group `A`.
>>Indian Railway Accounts Service ,Group `A`.
>>Indian Railway Personnel Service ,Group `A`.
>>Post of Assistant Security Officer in Railway Protection Force, Group `A`.
>>Indian Defence Estates Service .
>>Indian Information Service (junior Grade ), Group `A`.
>>Indian Trade Service ,Group `A` (Grade-III).
>>Armed Forces Headquarters Civil Service , group `B` (Section Officer`Service Grade).
>>Delhi, Andaman & Nicobar Islands , Lakshadweep , Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli Civil Service , Group `B`.
>>Delhi, Andaman & Nicobar Isalands, Lakshadweep, Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli Police Service Group `B`.

The number of vacancies to be filled on the result of the examination is expected to be approximately 455. The number of vacancies is liable to alteration.
Reservation will be made for candidates belonging to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes and Physically disabled categories in respect of vacancies as may be fixed by the Government.
Examination Centres.
Agartala, Ahmedabad, Aizawl, Aligarh, Allahabad, Aurangabad, Banglore, Bareilly, Bhopal, Chandigarh , Chennai, Cuttack, Dehradum, Delhi, Dharwar, Dispur, Gangtok, Hyderabad, Imphal, Itanagar ,Jaipur, Jammu, Jodhpur, Jorhat, Kochi, Kohima, Kolkata, Lucknow Madurai, Mumbai, Nagpur, Panji (Goa) , Patna Pondichery , Port Blair, Raipur, Ranchi Sambalpur, Shillong, Shimla ,Srinagar, Tirupati, Thiruvanantha_puram, Udaipur, and Vishakhapatnam.
The candidates should note that no request for change of centre will normally be granted . Howerver, when a candidate desires a change in centre from the one he had indicated in his Application Form for the Examination, he must send a letter addressed to the Secretary, Union Public Service Commission, giving full justification as to why he desires a change in centre. Such requests will be considered on merits but requests received in the Commission `s Office after the scheduled date (mentioned in the advertisement) will not be entertained under any circumstances nor will such communications be replied to.
Plan of Examination
The civil services Examination will consist of two successive stages-
Civil services Preliminary Examination (objective Type) for the selection of candidates for the Main Examination; andCivil Services Main Examination (Written and Interview) for the selection of candidates for the various services and Posts noted above.
Candidates should note that there will be penalty (Negative Marking ) for wrong answers marked by a candidates in the Objective Type Question Papers.
Applications are now invited for the Preliminary Examination only.
Candidates who are declared by the commission to have qualified for admission to the Main Examination will to apply again, in the detailed application form which would be supplied to them. The Main Examination is likely to be held in the month of October/ November of the same year.
Eligibility Conditions
Nationality
(1) For the Indian Administrative services and the Indian Police services , a candidate must be a citizen of Indian .
(2) For other services ,a candidate must be either:
(A) a citizen of Indian , or
(B) a subject of Nepal, or
(C) a subject of Bhutan, or
(D) a Tibetan refugee Who came over to Indian before1st January,1962 with the intention of permanently settling in Indian , or
(E) a Person of Indian origin who has migrated from Pakistan , Burma ,Sri Lanka, East African countries of Kenya , Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi , Zaire, Ethiopia and Vietnam with the intention of permanently settling in Indian .
Age Limits:
A candidate must have attained the age of 21 years and must not have attained the age of 30 year on the August of year in which the examination is held.
The upper age limit is relaxable in respect of some categories of candidates. i.e. ,candidates belonging in operation during hostilities with any foreign country, etc.
Educational Qualifications
The candidate must hold a degree of any of Universities incorporated by an Act of the Central or State Legislature in Indian or other educational institution established by an Act of parliament or declared to be deemed as a University under section 3 of the University Commission Act, 1956 or Possess an equivalent qualification.
Candidates an have appeared at an examination the passing of which would render them educationally qualified for the commission `s Examination but have not been informed of the results as also the candidates who intend to appear at such a qualifying examination will also be eligible for admission to the preliminary Examination. All candidates who are declared qualified by the commission for taking the civil services (Main) Examination w ill be required to produce proof of passing the requisite Examination with their application for the Main Examination failing which such candidates will not be admitted to the Main Examination . The applications for the Main Examination will be called sometime in the month of July / August . in the same year.
In exceptional case the union public services Commission may treat a candidate who has not any of the foregoing qualification as a qualified candidate provided that he has passed examination conducted by any other institution the standard of which In the opinion of the commission justifies his admission to the examination .
Candidates possessing professional and technical qualification which are recognized by Government as equivalent to professional and technical degree would also be eligible for admission to the examination.
Candidates possession professional and technical qualification which are recognized by Government as equivalent to professional and technical degree would also be eligible for admission to the examination.
Number of Attempts
Every candidate appearing at the civil Service Examination Who is otherwise eligible , Shall be permitted four attempts at the examination . Provided that this restriction on the number of attempts will not apply in the case of scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe candidates will are otherwise eligible .Provided further that the number of attempts permissible to candidates belonging to Other Backward Classes , who are otherwise eligible , shall be seven.
Papers of Examination
The preliminary Examination consists of two papers:
Paper I- General Studies 150 marks
Paper II- One Subject to be selected from 300 marks
the list of optional subject i.e., Total 450 marks

Agriculture; Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science ; Botany; Chemistry; Civil Engineering ; Commerce; Economics; Electrical Engineering; Geology; Indian History ; Law; Mathematics; Mechanical Engineering; Medical Science; Philosophy; Physics; Political Science; Psychology; Sociology; Public Administration; Statistics; Zoology.

Both the question papers will be of the objective type (multiple choice questions). The question papers will be set both in Hindi and English . The course content of the syllabi for the optional subject will be of the degree level. Each paper will be of two hours duration Blind candidates will , however , be allowed an extra time of twenty minutes at each paper.
The main examination consists of the following papers-
Paper I-One of the Indian Language to be 300 marks
Selected by the candidate from the languages Included in the Eighty schedule to the Constitution.
Paper II- English----------------- 300 marks
Paper III-Essay------------------ 200 Marks
Paper IV & V- General Studies----------------- 300 Marks for each paper
Paper VI, VII, VIII & IX- Any two subject 300 marks for each paper to be selected from the list of the optional
Subject . Each subject will have two papers.
The list of optional subject given below-
Agriculture; Animal Husbandry& Veterinary Science ; Anthropology ; Botany; Chemistry; Civil Engineering ; Geography; Geography; History; Low ; Management; Mathematics; Mechanical Engineering ; Medical Science; Philosophy; Physics; Political Science and International Relations; Psychology; Public Administration ; Sociology; Statistics; Zoology.

Literature of One of the following Language (Arabic: Assamese; Bodo; Bengali;Chinese; Dogri. English; French; German; Gujarati; Hindi; Kannada; Kashmiri; Konkani; Maithili; Marathi; Manipuri ; Malayalam; Nepali; Oriya; Pali; Persian; Punjabi; Russian; Sanskrit; Santali; Sindhi; Tamil; Telugu; Urdu).

Interview Test will carry 300 marks, the candidate will be interviewed by a Board who will have before them a record of his career .He will be asked question on matters of general interest. The object of the interview is to assess the personal suitability of the candidate for a career in public Services by a Board of competent and unbiased observers. The test is intended to judge the mental caliber of a candidate. In broad terms this is really an assessment of not only his intellectual qualities but also social traits and his interest in current affairs Some of the qualities to be judged are mental alertness , critical powers of assimilation , clear and logical exposition balance of judgement, variety and depth of interest , ability for social cohesion and leadership , intellectual and moral integrity .
The technique of the interview is not that of a strict cross- Examination but of a natural , thought directed and purposive conversation which is intended to reveal the mental qualities of the candidate.
The interview test is not intended to be a test either of the specialised or general knowledge of the candidates which has been already tested through their written papers. Candidates are expected to have taken an intelligent interest not only in their special subject of academic study but also in the events which are happening around them both within and outside their own state or country as well as in modern currents of thought and in new discoveries which should rouse the curiosity of well educated youth.

PART--A

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
COMPULSORY SUBJECT>>GENERAL STUDIES

OPTIONAL SUBJECT>> AGRICULTURE

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCE

BOTANY

CHEMISTRY

CIVIL ENGINEERING

COMMERCE

ECONOMICS

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

GEOGRAPHY

GEOLOGY

INDIAN HISTORY

LAW

MATHEMATICS

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MEDICAL SCIENCE

PHILOSOPHY

PHYSICS

POLITICAL SCIENCE

PSYCHOLOGY

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

SOCIOLOGY

STATISTICS

ZOOLOGY

PART B>>>MAIN EXAMINATION
The main examination is intended to assess the overall intellectual traits and depth of understanding of candidates rather than merely the range of their information and memory.
The scope of the syllabus for the optional subject papers for the examination is broadly of the honours degree level i.e., a level higher than the bachelors degree and lower than the masters degree. In the case of engineering and law, the level corresponds to the bachelor's degree.
COMPULSORY SUBJECTS>>>ENGLISH AND INDIAN LANGUAGES
GENERAL STUDIES

OPTIONAL SUBJECTS
Total number of questions in the questions papers of optional subject will be eight. All questions will carry equal marks. Each paper will de divided into two parts, viz. Part B, each part containing four questions. Out of eight questions, five questions are to be attempted. One question in each part will be compulsory. Candidates will be required to answer three more questions out of the remaining six questions, taking at least one question from each part. In this way, least two questions will be attempted from each Part i.e. one compulsory question plus one more.
AGRICULTURE

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCE

ANTHROPOLOGY

BOTANY

CHEMISTRY

CIVIL ENGINEERING

COMMERCE & ACCOUNTANCY

ECONOMICS

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

GEOGRAPHY

GEOLOGY

LAW

ARABIC

ASSAMESE

BENGALI

CHINESE

ENGLISH

FRENCH

GERMAN

GUJARATI

HINDI

KANNADA

KASHMIRI

KONKANI

MALAYAM