MEGHALAYA
Amaravati North Eastern hill University, Shillong 793001
MAHARASHTRA
Amaravati University, Aurangabad 431004
Marathwada University, Aurangabad 431004
Nagpur University, Rabindranath Tagore Marg, Nagpur 440001
University of Pune, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007
Shivaji University, Vidyanagar, Kolhapur 416004 University of Bombay, MG Road, Fort, Mumbai 400032
KARNATAKA
Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi, Bangalore 560056
University of Mysore, Mysore Viswavidyalaya Karya Soudha, Crawford Hall, P.B. No. 17, Mysore 570005 Karnataka University, Dharwad 580003
ANDHRA PRADESH
Andhra University, Waltair 530003 Osmania University, Administrative Building, Hyderabad 500007
TAMIL NADU
Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002
Bharatiar University, Coimbatore 641046 University of Madras, Centemary Building, Chepauk, Chennai 600005
KERALA
University of Calicut, P.O. Malapuram, Dist. Calicut 673635 University of Kerala, University P.O., Thiruvananthapuram 695034
ORISSA
Sambalpur University, Burla 768019
Utkal University, Bhubaneshwar 751004
MADHYA PRADESH
Bhopal Vishwavidyalaya, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462006
Vikram University, Ujjain 456010
Rani Durgawati Vishwavidyalaya, Rachpedi, Jabulpur 482001
Doctor Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar 470002
Jiwaji University, Vidyavihar, Gwalior 474002
Avadesh Pratap Singh University, Rewa 492010
Ravishankar University, Raipur 492010
Barakatullah Vishwavidyalaya, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026
Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, 162, Rabindra Nath Tagore Marg, Indore 452001
UTTAR PRADESH
Agra University, Agra 282004
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202001
Avadh University, Faizabad 224001
Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005
University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002
Dayalbagh Educational Institute Dayalbagh, Agra 282005
Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, P.O. Gurukul Kangri, Hardwar 249404
Garhwal University, Srinagar 246174
University of Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur 276174
Kanpur University, Kalyanpur, Kanpur 208084
Kashi Vidyapeeth, Varanasi 221002
University of Lucknow 226007
Meerut University, Meerut 250001
Kumaun University, Nainital 263001
Purvanchal University, Zafarabad Road, Jaunpur 222002
Rohilkhand University, Bareilly 243123
DELHI
University of Delhi
Jamia Milia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025
Amity University, NOIDA (U.P)
HARYANA
Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001
Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 132119
punjab
Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 430005
Punjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160014
Punjab University, Patiala 147002
HIMACHAL PRADESH
Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla 171005
RAJASTHAN
Jodhpur University, Jodhpur 313001
Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001
University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004
GUJARAT
M.S. University, Baroda, Vadodara 302004
Gujarat University, Navarangpura, Ahmedabad 380009
Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120
Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360005
South Gujarat University, Post Box No.49, Surat 395007
Indian Bank Computer Officers Exam, 2008
0 comments
1. A passive threat to computer security is-
(A) Malicious Intent (B) Sabotage (C) Accidental Errors (D) Espionage Agents (E) None of these
2.The Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) specification-
(A) Is a notice, issued and verified by a certificate authority, that guarantees a user or Web site is legitimate
(B) Provides private-key encryption of all data that passes between a client and a server
(C) Allows users to choose an encryption scheme for the data that passes between a client and a server
(D) Uses a public-key encryption to secure credit-card transaction systems
(E) None of these
3..................allows wireless mobile
devices to access the Internet and its services such as the Web and e-mail,
(A) TCP!IP
(B) Ethernet
(C) WAP
(D) Token ring
(E) None of these
4.'DOS' floppy disk does not have-
(A) A Boot Record
(B) A File Allocation Table (C) A Root Directory
(D) Virtual Memory
(E) BIOS
5.'MICR' technology used for clearance of cheques by banks refers to-
(A) Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
(B) Magnetic Intelligence Character Recognition
(C) Magnetic Information Cable Recognition
(D) Magnetic Insurance Cases Recognition
(E) None of these
6.All the information collected during database development is stored in a-
(A) Repository
(B) Data warehouse (C) RAD
(D) CASE
(E) None of these
7.The.................... component is used by the data analyst to create the queries that access the database.
(A) Data extraction
(B) End-user query tool
(C) End-user presentation tool (D) Data store
(E) None of these
8.A(n)................allows network
users to share a single copy of software, which resides on the network server.
(A) Single-user license agreement
(B) Network site license
(C) End-user license agreement (D) Business software license (E) None of these
9.A polymorphic virus-
(A) Modifies its program code each time it attaches itself to another program or file
(B) Is a malicious-logic program that copies itself repeatedly in memory or on a disk drive until no memory or disk space remains (C) A malicious-logic program that hides within or looks like a legitimate program
(D) Infects a program file, but still reports the size and creation date of the original, uninfected program
(E) None of these
10.Microwave transmission is used in environments where installing physical transmission media is-
(A) Difficult or impossible and where line-of-sight transmission is unavailable
(B I Easy or promlsmg and where line-of-sight transmission is unavailable
(C) Difficult or impossible and where line-of-sight transmission is available
(D) Easy or promising and where line-of-sight transmission is available
(E) :\ one of these
11.Which is not a good Web security strategy -:
(A) Restrict access to the Web server: keep a minimum number of ports open
(B) limit the users who can load software, edit or add files.
(e) Add demo programs, so users can test system without accessing production data
(D) Remove unnecessary compilers and interpreters.
(E) ~ one of these
12.The altering of data so that it is not usable unless the changes are undone is-
(A) Biometrics
(B) Compression
(C) Encryption
(D) Ergonomics
(E) None of these
13.The word FTP stands for
(A) File Translate Protocol
(B) File Transit Protocol
(C) File Typing Protocol
(D) File Transfer Protocol
(E) None of these
14.Voice mail-
(A) Is the exchange of text messages and computer files transmitted via a communications network such as a local area network or the Internet
(B) Permits users to converse in real time with each other via the computer while connected to the Internet
(C) Functions much like an answering machine, allowing callers to leave a voice message for the called party
(D) Involves using video and computer technology to conduct a meeting between participants at geographically separate locations
(E) None ofthese
15.A communication processor that connects dissimilar networks by providing the translation from one set of protocol to another is-
(A) Bridge (B) Gateway
(C) Router (D) Modem
(E) All of these
16.Which of the following is a genetal-purpose programming language, designed by Sun Microsystems, and well suited for use on the Web?
(A) VB Script
(B) Java Script
(C) CSS
(D) Java
(E) None of these
17.This.............tier processes HTTP
protocol, scripting tasks, performs calculations, and provides access to data.
(A) Client
(B) Applications/Web server
(C) Enterprise server
(D) DBA
(E) None of these
18.RSA is-
(A) Symmetric Cryptosystem (B) Asymmetric Cryptosystem (C) Block Cypher
(D) Digital Signature
(E) None ofthese
19.A DVD-RAM is similar to a ...........except it has storage capacities up to 5.2 GB.
(A) CD-R
(B) floppy disk
(C) CD-RW
(D) hard disk
(E) N one of these
20.When you are selecting a mouse for a particular computer system, what is the most important consideration ?
(A) The type of drivers that come with the mouse
(B) The length of the mouse cord
(C) The type of connector the mouse is equipped with
(D)The number of buttons the mouse has
(E) None of these
21.How is power supplied to a lowpower USB device?
(A)Through a power cable
(B) From an external power
(C) Directly from the computer's power supply
(D) Through the USB cable
(E) None of these
22.All the following are basic principles of networks, except
(A) Each computer must have a network card
(B) There must be communications media connecting the network hardware devices
(C) There must be at least one connecting device
(D) Each computer must have software that supports the movement of information
(E) None of these
23.This.............data mining technique
derives rules from real-world case examples.
(A) Rule discover
(B) Signal processing
(C) Neural nets
(D) Case-based reasoning
(E) None of these
24. ..... are used to identify a user who returns to a Website.
(A) Cookies (B) Plug-ins
(C) Scripts (D) ASPs
(E) None of these
25.Which of the following statements is not true about two-tier client-server database architecture?
(A) SQL statements are processed on the server
(B) SQL statements may be processed on some of the clients
(C) Business logic is mostly processed on clients
(D) Business logic may be processed on the server
(E) None of these
26.Which one of the following objects is passed to a JavaBean when one of its properties is set via a JSP action?
(A) Servlet Request
(B) Http Servlet Request
(C) Servlet Response
(D) Http Servlet Response
(E) None of these
27.Programs that automatically submit your search request to several search engines simultaneously are called-
(A) Metasearch engines
(B) Webcrawlers
(C) Spiders
(D) Hits
(E) None of these
28.In Oracle, which statement is true about segments?
(A) Each table has its own segment
(B) A segment is created every time an extent is created, extended, or altered
(C) An index segment is created every time a table is created
(D) A segment is deleted whenever a table is truncated
(E) None of these
29.Graphical diagrams used to represent different multiple perspectives of a system include--
(A) Use-case, class and state diagrams
(B) State, interaction, derivative diagrams
(C) Interaction, relationship and class diagrams
(D) Deployment, relationship and use-case diagrams
(E) None of these
30.Database redesign is not terribly difficult if the-
(A) Database is structured
(B) Database is well-designed
(C) Database has no data
(D) Database is relatively small
(E) Database is relatively large
31.Which of the following are normally used to initialize a computer system's hardware?
(A) Bootstrap memory
(B) Volatile memory
(C) External mass memory (D) Static memory
(E) Random access memory
32.If you wanted to locate the hardware address of a local device, which protocol would you use?
(A) ARP
(B) RARP
(C) ICMP
(D) PING
(E) PONG
33.Which of the following switching methods provides the greatest
frame throughput?
(A) Store-and-forward ching
(B) Frame-tag switching
(C) Cut-through switching
(D) ISL switching
(E) Store-and-backward switching
34.In Oracle, what is the default number of transactions that MAXTRANS is set to if not
specified?
(A) 512
(B) 10
(C) 40
(D) 1
(E) 255
35.In the straight CGI approach to database connectivity on the Internet-
(A) The external program is located between the client and the web server
(B) The external program is located between the database server and the database
(C) The external program is located between the web server and the database server
(D) There is no external program (E) None of these
36.If 20 people need to communicate using symmetric-key cryptography, .............symmetric keys
are needed.
(A) 190
(B) 200
(C) 20
(D) 19
(E) 210
37.What is Internet 2 ?
(A) A new type of cabling system for Wide Area Networks
(B) A second local area network that can connect with another online LAN to share access
(C) A new standard for Internet browsers
(D) An association to develop advanced Internet technology
(E) None of these
38.In Oracle, which tables pace is the minimum required when creating a new database?
(A) Undo tablespace
(B) Temporary tablespace (C) System tablespace
(D) Users tablespace
(E) None of these
39.The reason the data outputs of most ROM ICs are tri-state outputs is to-
(A) Allow for three separate data input lines
(B) Allow the bidirectional flow of data between the bus lines and the ROM registers
(C) Permit the connection of many ROM chips to a common data bus
(D) Isolate the registers from the data bus during read operations
(E) None of these
40.The term, 'hypertext', means(A) Non-sequential writing (B) Hypermedia
(C) Blinking text
(D) Text with heavy formatting (E) None of these
41.While searching a website, you have been unable to find information that was on the site several months ago. What might you do to attempt to locate that information?
(A) Visit Coogle's cached page to view the older copy
(B) Forget about it, as there is no way to find this information
(C) Visit a partner site of the organization to see if it is there (D) Use the wayback machine (E) None of these
42.Which kind of lock includes a keypad that can be used to control access into areas?
(A) Cipher (C) Device (E) Typelock
(B) Warded (D) Tumbler
43.A......... sometimes called a boot
sector virus, executes when a computer boots up because it resides in the boot sector of a floppy disk or the master boot record of a hard disk.
(A) System virus
(B) Trojan horse virus (C) File virus
(D) Macro virus
(E) None of these
44.To which pin on the RAM chip does the address decoder connect in order to signal which memory chip is being accessed?
(A) The address input
(B) The output enable
(C) The chip enable
(D) The data input
(E) The data output
45.What is the name of the protocol used to eliminate loops?
(A) Switching
(B) ISL
(C) Frame tagging
(D) Spanning Tree Protocol (E) Scanning
46.The process by which the structure of the database is modified to eliminate hidden dependencies and repeating groups is(A) Enforcing data integrity
(B) Enforcing referential integrity
(C) Indexing
(D) Normalization (E) None of these
47.Which of the following describes programs that can run independently, travel from system to system, and disrupt computer communications?
(A) Trojans (B) Viruses
(C) Idlers (D) Droppers
(E) Worms
48.In Oracle, who owns the data dictionary ?
(A) Oracle
(B) SYS
(C) The DBA
(D) SYSTEM
(E) None of these
49.You need to configure a switch from a remote subnet. Which of the following must be configured on the switch ?
Continued from Page 502
(A) Console port
(B) IP
(C) Hostname
(D) SNMP
(E) Default gateway
50.In Oracle, which is more appro. priate to store a small list of values in a single column in each row in your address table?
(A) ORACARRA Y
(B) Nested table
(C) Index organized table (D) Index
(E) VARRAY
Answers.
1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (C) 4. (A) 5. (A) 6. (D) 7. (B) 8. (A) 9. (A) 10. (C) 11. (A) 12. (C) 13. (D) 14. (C) 15. (C) 16. (D) 17. (B) 18. (B) 19. (C) 20. (A) 21. (B) 22. (D) 23. (D) 24. (A) 25. (C) 26. (A) 27. (B) 28. (B) 29. (A) 30. (C) 31. (A) 32. (A) 33. (C) 34. (D) 35. (A) 36. (A) 37. (D) 38. (A) 39. (D) 40. (A)
41.(A)42. (B) Warded locks are the weakest form of Padlock, device locks are used to secure equipment, and tumbler locks are more complex than warded locks and offer greater security.
43.(E) 44. (B) 45.(D) The Spanning Tree Protocol is used to remove circular routes in bridge and switched Net. works.
46. (D) 47. (E) 48. (B) 49. (E) 50. (E)
(A) Malicious Intent (B) Sabotage (C) Accidental Errors (D) Espionage Agents (E) None of these
2.The Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) specification-
(A) Is a notice, issued and verified by a certificate authority, that guarantees a user or Web site is legitimate
(B) Provides private-key encryption of all data that passes between a client and a server
(C) Allows users to choose an encryption scheme for the data that passes between a client and a server
(D) Uses a public-key encryption to secure credit-card transaction systems
(E) None of these
3..................allows wireless mobile
devices to access the Internet and its services such as the Web and e-mail,
(A) TCP!IP
(B) Ethernet
(C) WAP
(D) Token ring
(E) None of these
4.'DOS' floppy disk does not have-
(A) A Boot Record
(B) A File Allocation Table (C) A Root Directory
(D) Virtual Memory
(E) BIOS
5.'MICR' technology used for clearance of cheques by banks refers to-
(A) Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
(B) Magnetic Intelligence Character Recognition
(C) Magnetic Information Cable Recognition
(D) Magnetic Insurance Cases Recognition
(E) None of these
6.All the information collected during database development is stored in a-
(A) Repository
(B) Data warehouse (C) RAD
(D) CASE
(E) None of these
7.The.................... component is used by the data analyst to create the queries that access the database.
(A) Data extraction
(B) End-user query tool
(C) End-user presentation tool (D) Data store
(E) None of these
8.A(n)................allows network
users to share a single copy of software, which resides on the network server.
(A) Single-user license agreement
(B) Network site license
(C) End-user license agreement (D) Business software license (E) None of these
9.A polymorphic virus-
(A) Modifies its program code each time it attaches itself to another program or file
(B) Is a malicious-logic program that copies itself repeatedly in memory or on a disk drive until no memory or disk space remains (C) A malicious-logic program that hides within or looks like a legitimate program
(D) Infects a program file, but still reports the size and creation date of the original, uninfected program
(E) None of these
10.Microwave transmission is used in environments where installing physical transmission media is-
(A) Difficult or impossible and where line-of-sight transmission is unavailable
(B I Easy or promlsmg and where line-of-sight transmission is unavailable
(C) Difficult or impossible and where line-of-sight transmission is available
(D) Easy or promising and where line-of-sight transmission is available
(E) :\ one of these
11.Which is not a good Web security strategy -:
(A) Restrict access to the Web server: keep a minimum number of ports open
(B) limit the users who can load software, edit or add files.
(e) Add demo programs, so users can test system without accessing production data
(D) Remove unnecessary compilers and interpreters.
(E) ~ one of these
12.The altering of data so that it is not usable unless the changes are undone is-
(A) Biometrics
(B) Compression
(C) Encryption
(D) Ergonomics
(E) None of these
13.The word FTP stands for
(A) File Translate Protocol
(B) File Transit Protocol
(C) File Typing Protocol
(D) File Transfer Protocol
(E) None of these
14.Voice mail-
(A) Is the exchange of text messages and computer files transmitted via a communications network such as a local area network or the Internet
(B) Permits users to converse in real time with each other via the computer while connected to the Internet
(C) Functions much like an answering machine, allowing callers to leave a voice message for the called party
(D) Involves using video and computer technology to conduct a meeting between participants at geographically separate locations
(E) None ofthese
15.A communication processor that connects dissimilar networks by providing the translation from one set of protocol to another is-
(A) Bridge (B) Gateway
(C) Router (D) Modem
(E) All of these
16.Which of the following is a genetal-purpose programming language, designed by Sun Microsystems, and well suited for use on the Web?
(A) VB Script
(B) Java Script
(C) CSS
(D) Java
(E) None of these
17.This.............tier processes HTTP
protocol, scripting tasks, performs calculations, and provides access to data.
(A) Client
(B) Applications/Web server
(C) Enterprise server
(D) DBA
(E) None of these
18.RSA is-
(A) Symmetric Cryptosystem (B) Asymmetric Cryptosystem (C) Block Cypher
(D) Digital Signature
(E) None ofthese
19.A DVD-RAM is similar to a ...........except it has storage capacities up to 5.2 GB.
(A) CD-R
(B) floppy disk
(C) CD-RW
(D) hard disk
(E) N one of these
20.When you are selecting a mouse for a particular computer system, what is the most important consideration ?
(A) The type of drivers that come with the mouse
(B) The length of the mouse cord
(C) The type of connector the mouse is equipped with
(D)The number of buttons the mouse has
(E) None of these
21.How is power supplied to a lowpower USB device?
(A)Through a power cable
(B) From an external power
(C) Directly from the computer's power supply
(D) Through the USB cable
(E) None of these
22.All the following are basic principles of networks, except
(A) Each computer must have a network card
(B) There must be communications media connecting the network hardware devices
(C) There must be at least one connecting device
(D) Each computer must have software that supports the movement of information
(E) None of these
23.This.............data mining technique
derives rules from real-world case examples.
(A) Rule discover
(B) Signal processing
(C) Neural nets
(D) Case-based reasoning
(E) None of these
24. ..... are used to identify a user who returns to a Website.
(A) Cookies (B) Plug-ins
(C) Scripts (D) ASPs
(E) None of these
25.Which of the following statements is not true about two-tier client-server database architecture?
(A) SQL statements are processed on the server
(B) SQL statements may be processed on some of the clients
(C) Business logic is mostly processed on clients
(D) Business logic may be processed on the server
(E) None of these
26.Which one of the following objects is passed to a JavaBean when one of its properties is set via a JSP action?
(A) Servlet Request
(B) Http Servlet Request
(C) Servlet Response
(D) Http Servlet Response
(E) None of these
27.Programs that automatically submit your search request to several search engines simultaneously are called-
(A) Metasearch engines
(B) Webcrawlers
(C) Spiders
(D) Hits
(E) None of these
28.In Oracle, which statement is true about segments?
(A) Each table has its own segment
(B) A segment is created every time an extent is created, extended, or altered
(C) An index segment is created every time a table is created
(D) A segment is deleted whenever a table is truncated
(E) None of these
29.Graphical diagrams used to represent different multiple perspectives of a system include--
(A) Use-case, class and state diagrams
(B) State, interaction, derivative diagrams
(C) Interaction, relationship and class diagrams
(D) Deployment, relationship and use-case diagrams
(E) None of these
30.Database redesign is not terribly difficult if the-
(A) Database is structured
(B) Database is well-designed
(C) Database has no data
(D) Database is relatively small
(E) Database is relatively large
31.Which of the following are normally used to initialize a computer system's hardware?
(A) Bootstrap memory
(B) Volatile memory
(C) External mass memory (D) Static memory
(E) Random access memory
32.If you wanted to locate the hardware address of a local device, which protocol would you use?
(A) ARP
(B) RARP
(C) ICMP
(D) PING
(E) PONG
33.Which of the following switching methods provides the greatest
frame throughput?
(A) Store-and-forward ching
(B) Frame-tag switching
(C) Cut-through switching
(D) ISL switching
(E) Store-and-backward switching
34.In Oracle, what is the default number of transactions that MAXTRANS is set to if not
specified?
(A) 512
(B) 10
(C) 40
(D) 1
(E) 255
35.In the straight CGI approach to database connectivity on the Internet-
(A) The external program is located between the client and the web server
(B) The external program is located between the database server and the database
(C) The external program is located between the web server and the database server
(D) There is no external program (E) None of these
36.If 20 people need to communicate using symmetric-key cryptography, .............symmetric keys
are needed.
(A) 190
(B) 200
(C) 20
(D) 19
(E) 210
37.What is Internet 2 ?
(A) A new type of cabling system for Wide Area Networks
(B) A second local area network that can connect with another online LAN to share access
(C) A new standard for Internet browsers
(D) An association to develop advanced Internet technology
(E) None of these
38.In Oracle, which tables pace is the minimum required when creating a new database?
(A) Undo tablespace
(B) Temporary tablespace (C) System tablespace
(D) Users tablespace
(E) None of these
39.The reason the data outputs of most ROM ICs are tri-state outputs is to-
(A) Allow for three separate data input lines
(B) Allow the bidirectional flow of data between the bus lines and the ROM registers
(C) Permit the connection of many ROM chips to a common data bus
(D) Isolate the registers from the data bus during read operations
(E) None of these
40.The term, 'hypertext', means(A) Non-sequential writing (B) Hypermedia
(C) Blinking text
(D) Text with heavy formatting (E) None of these
41.While searching a website, you have been unable to find information that was on the site several months ago. What might you do to attempt to locate that information?
(A) Visit Coogle's cached page to view the older copy
(B) Forget about it, as there is no way to find this information
(C) Visit a partner site of the organization to see if it is there (D) Use the wayback machine (E) None of these
42.Which kind of lock includes a keypad that can be used to control access into areas?
(A) Cipher (C) Device (E) Typelock
(B) Warded (D) Tumbler
43.A......... sometimes called a boot
sector virus, executes when a computer boots up because it resides in the boot sector of a floppy disk or the master boot record of a hard disk.
(A) System virus
(B) Trojan horse virus (C) File virus
(D) Macro virus
(E) None of these
44.To which pin on the RAM chip does the address decoder connect in order to signal which memory chip is being accessed?
(A) The address input
(B) The output enable
(C) The chip enable
(D) The data input
(E) The data output
45.What is the name of the protocol used to eliminate loops?
(A) Switching
(B) ISL
(C) Frame tagging
(D) Spanning Tree Protocol (E) Scanning
46.The process by which the structure of the database is modified to eliminate hidden dependencies and repeating groups is(A) Enforcing data integrity
(B) Enforcing referential integrity
(C) Indexing
(D) Normalization (E) None of these
47.Which of the following describes programs that can run independently, travel from system to system, and disrupt computer communications?
(A) Trojans (B) Viruses
(C) Idlers (D) Droppers
(E) Worms
48.In Oracle, who owns the data dictionary ?
(A) Oracle
(B) SYS
(C) The DBA
(D) SYSTEM
(E) None of these
49.You need to configure a switch from a remote subnet. Which of the following must be configured on the switch ?
Continued from Page 502
(A) Console port
(B) IP
(C) Hostname
(D) SNMP
(E) Default gateway
50.In Oracle, which is more appro. priate to store a small list of values in a single column in each row in your address table?
(A) ORACARRA Y
(B) Nested table
(C) Index organized table (D) Index
(E) VARRAY
Answers.
1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (C) 4. (A) 5. (A) 6. (D) 7. (B) 8. (A) 9. (A) 10. (C) 11. (A) 12. (C) 13. (D) 14. (C) 15. (C) 16. (D) 17. (B) 18. (B) 19. (C) 20. (A) 21. (B) 22. (D) 23. (D) 24. (A) 25. (C) 26. (A) 27. (B) 28. (B) 29. (A) 30. (C) 31. (A) 32. (A) 33. (C) 34. (D) 35. (A) 36. (A) 37. (D) 38. (A) 39. (D) 40. (A)
41.(A)42. (B) Warded locks are the weakest form of Padlock, device locks are used to secure equipment, and tumbler locks are more complex than warded locks and offer greater security.
43.(E) 44. (B) 45.(D) The Spanning Tree Protocol is used to remove circular routes in bridge and switched Net. works.
46. (D) 47. (E) 48. (B) 49. (E) 50. (E)
Pantaloons Femina Miss India Universe 2009 wins Ekta Chaudhary from Delhi
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The 22-year-old Delhi beauty Ekta Chaudhary won the Pantaloons Femina Miss India Universe 2009 pageant at a glittering function in Mumbai tonight. The 5'9.5" tall Ekta beat 19 other fellow contestants to win the coveted crown. Pooja Chopra was declared Miss India World 2009, while Shriya Kishore won the Miss India Earth 2009. The show was hosted by Malaika Arora Khan and R. Madhavan. Ekta, the stunning beauty, will represent India at the Miss Universe pageant later this year.
Among others, Sonakshi was crowned the Miss India Sexy Legs and Diksha was declared the Miss Fresh Face. Harshita won the Miss Agile award. Karishma Karnik bagged the Miss Confident crown for her sharp intelligence.
Ragini won the Miss Beautiful Hair title. Niharika and Shreya Kishore won the Miss Beautiful Eyes and Miss Hospitality titles respectively. Dimple Patel was chosen as the Miss Photogenic. Ishita Sarkar won the Golden Heart title.
The judges of the Pantaloons Femina Miss India 2009 included Madhoor Bhandarkar, Ajay Devgan, Sushmita Sen, Asin, Deepika Padukone, Nandita Mahtani, Ravi Krishnan, Mickey Bourdman, and Anil Chopra.
Among others, Sonakshi was crowned the Miss India Sexy Legs and Diksha was declared the Miss Fresh Face. Harshita won the Miss Agile award. Karishma Karnik bagged the Miss Confident crown for her sharp intelligence.
Ragini won the Miss Beautiful Hair title. Niharika and Shreya Kishore won the Miss Beautiful Eyes and Miss Hospitality titles respectively. Dimple Patel was chosen as the Miss Photogenic. Ishita Sarkar won the Golden Heart title.
The judges of the Pantaloons Femina Miss India 2009 included Madhoor Bhandarkar, Ajay Devgan, Sushmita Sen, Asin, Deepika Padukone, Nandita Mahtani, Ravi Krishnan, Mickey Bourdman, and Anil Chopra.
PATTERN OF AIPMT-2009 EXAMINATION
0 commentsThe Board is receiving a large number of queries from the candidates, whether the AIPMT (Final)-2009 examination would be subjective type of objective type? It is brought to the notice of all concerned that in the year 2009 there is no change in the pattern of AIPMT (Final) examination. Hence, the examination would be conducted in the following way :-
1. AIPMT (Preliminary) 2009 on 5th April, 2009 - OBJECTIVE TYPE
2. AIPMT (Final) 2009 on 10th May, 2009 - SUBJECTIVE TYPE
It is also brought to the notice that the pattern would be changed from
AIPMT-2010 examination.
1. AIPMT (Preliminary) 2009 on 5th April, 2009 - OBJECTIVE TYPE
2. AIPMT (Final) 2009 on 10th May, 2009 - SUBJECTIVE TYPE
It is also brought to the notice that the pattern would be changed from
AIPMT-2010 examination.
What is a vote-on-account?
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What is a vote-on-account?
Vote-an-account literally means a vote on the accounts of the government. Usually, the annual budget is presented by the end of February after which it is discussed-details of the budget are scrutinized by a Parliamentary committee and it is finally passed by mid-May. However, this time, this could be in the middle of elections or another government could be in power depending on the election schedule.
During elections and till a new government takes over, the caretaker government needs funds for various routine items of expendirure-c-like staff salaries=-wiehout which there would be a financial crisis. According to the Constitution, the government cannot spend any money without Parliament's approval. Hence, voteon-account is taken whereby a government gets parliamentary approval to run the government for a few months. using funds drawn from the Consolidated Fund of India.
How is a vote-on-account different from the fuU budget or an interim budget?
While the words vote-on-account and interim budget are often interchangeably used, a vote-on-account in the strict sense deals only with the expenditure side of the government's budget, whereas an interim budget has to include both expenditure and receipts. Generally, a vote-on-account is for two or three months. usually till the time it is replaced by a regular budget. It cannot be for a period longer than six months as the Constitution stipulates that the gap between two Parliament sittings cannot be more than six months. A regular full budget is a complete statement on the financial position of the government for a full year based on expenditures during the period and proposals for financing them. Thus, it gives details of how money is to be spent and how it will be raised by the government.
Why ever have a vote-on-account and not a full-fledged budget?
Constitutionally, there is no distinction between a caretaker government and a regular one. The government could technically present a full budget. However, by convention, a government that is at the end of its tenure opts for a vote-on-account since it is regarded as improper that an outgoing government should impose its policies on its successor. There is also the fear that in election years a full budget would tempt governments to resort to populism while ignoring financial prudence. Interim budgets have also been used by governments taking office just before the financial year begins to get Parliamentary approval" for immediate spending, giving them time to work out a more thought-out budget later in the year.
By convention, what are the restrictions on a vote-on-account?
Vote-on-account gives the revised estimates of expenditure incurred by the government and revised estimates of government revenue from different sources in the financial year coming to an end. These estimates provide an assessment of how efficiently the government spent its resources and how effective its policies of mobilizing tax and non-tax revenues were. Typically, no changes are made to tax and duty structures and no new schemes are announced. However, the govt can extend coverage or allocate more money to an existing scheme. The finance minister can also use the vote-on-account speech to give indications of what he would like to do if given an opportunity after the elections. Thus, it is often used to indicate his intentions on economic policy just before elections and he can make many promises, something most finance ministers have done in their vote-on-account speeches.
Vote-an-account literally means a vote on the accounts of the government. Usually, the annual budget is presented by the end of February after which it is discussed-details of the budget are scrutinized by a Parliamentary committee and it is finally passed by mid-May. However, this time, this could be in the middle of elections or another government could be in power depending on the election schedule.
During elections and till a new government takes over, the caretaker government needs funds for various routine items of expendirure-c-like staff salaries=-wiehout which there would be a financial crisis. According to the Constitution, the government cannot spend any money without Parliament's approval. Hence, voteon-account is taken whereby a government gets parliamentary approval to run the government for a few months. using funds drawn from the Consolidated Fund of India.
How is a vote-on-account different from the fuU budget or an interim budget?
While the words vote-on-account and interim budget are often interchangeably used, a vote-on-account in the strict sense deals only with the expenditure side of the government's budget, whereas an interim budget has to include both expenditure and receipts. Generally, a vote-on-account is for two or three months. usually till the time it is replaced by a regular budget. It cannot be for a period longer than six months as the Constitution stipulates that the gap between two Parliament sittings cannot be more than six months. A regular full budget is a complete statement on the financial position of the government for a full year based on expenditures during the period and proposals for financing them. Thus, it gives details of how money is to be spent and how it will be raised by the government.
Why ever have a vote-on-account and not a full-fledged budget?
Constitutionally, there is no distinction between a caretaker government and a regular one. The government could technically present a full budget. However, by convention, a government that is at the end of its tenure opts for a vote-on-account since it is regarded as improper that an outgoing government should impose its policies on its successor. There is also the fear that in election years a full budget would tempt governments to resort to populism while ignoring financial prudence. Interim budgets have also been used by governments taking office just before the financial year begins to get Parliamentary approval" for immediate spending, giving them time to work out a more thought-out budget later in the year.
By convention, what are the restrictions on a vote-on-account?
Vote-on-account gives the revised estimates of expenditure incurred by the government and revised estimates of government revenue from different sources in the financial year coming to an end. These estimates provide an assessment of how efficiently the government spent its resources and how effective its policies of mobilizing tax and non-tax revenues were. Typically, no changes are made to tax and duty structures and no new schemes are announced. However, the govt can extend coverage or allocate more money to an existing scheme. The finance minister can also use the vote-on-account speech to give indications of what he would like to do if given an opportunity after the elections. Thus, it is often used to indicate his intentions on economic policy just before elections and he can make many promises, something most finance ministers have done in their vote-on-account speeches.
Railway Budget 2009-10
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*The Railways are set to establish the historic landmark of earning a cash surplus before dividend of more than Rs 90,000 cr, in five years.
*This is the same Railways which faced a paucity offunds for replacement of over-aged assets in 200 I and which had to defer payment of Rs 2,800 cr as dividend to General Revenues.
*The Indian Railway Finance Corporation, in Nov 2008, has successfully raised a I O-cr-dollar loan, equivalent to Rs 500 cr, at a rate of only 4 per cent, from the international market.
*In the last five years the Railways have stepped up the annual growth rate offreight loading from an average of 3 per cent during the decade of 90s to an average of8 per cent.
*The declining trend of Railways, share in transportation of steel and cement, witnessed during the past several years has also been arrested as the Railways increased their share in transportation of these commodities, over the last five years.
*In the last five years there has also been a significant improvement m Railway safety and a steep reduction in the number of railway accidents.
*The number of consequential accidents came down to 194 in 2007-08, as against 325 in 2003-04.
*The number of consequential train accidents during Apr to Nov in the current year decreased to I 17 as compared to 138 during the corresponding period ofthe previous year.
*The Railways are increasingly becoming more outward looking and customer-centric. Today passengers are reserving tickets through the internet from their homes.
-- Apart from this, the facility to reserve tickets is available at ATMs, petrol pumps and post offices.
*Earlier passengers used to face considerable difficulty in getting information about train services. However, today this information can be obtained from any corner of the country.
--This has been made possible through the' 139 Train Enquiry Service', which is available 24 hours a day in I I different 3 languages.
--Four caIl centres have been set up in four comers of the country. These facilitate availability of instantaneous information on train arrival-departure, reservation status, etc. Presently more than 5 lakh passengers are daily availing this facility.
*Introduction of the fully air-conditioned Garib Raths and the free passenger upgrade facility from lower classes to vacant air-conditioned upper classes has enabled lakhs of people to enjoy the comfort of travelling in airconditioned class for the first time in their lives.
*A number of improvements like better cleanliness in trains and stations, provision of cushioned seats in place of wooden seats in coaches of ordinary class, and increase in the height of the platform at smaller stations have been initiated.
*In addition platform shelters are being constructed at smaller stations for protection against cold, heat and ram.
*Heavy investments will have to be made for enhancing capacity of rolling stock, technical upgradation and advancement in technology to achieve the ambitious targets set for passenger and freight business segments, in the 11th Five Year Plan.
--Therefore Railways have deployed their investible surplus of nearly Rs 70,000 cr earned between 2004- 05 to 2008-09 to increase its productivity. Railways will invest Rs 2,30,000 cr under the II th Five Year Plan, which is almost three times the amount allocated in the 10th Five Year Plan.
--The objective is to increase the transport capacity of the Railways and to reduce the unit cost of operations.
*Railways investment outlays have been stepped up from Rs 13,394 cr in 2003-04 to Rs 36,773 cr in 2008-09. Railways would be completing the work of 4900 km of gauge conversion, 1800 km of doubling and laying 1100 km of new lines, over five years.
*Agartala, the capital of the North-Eastern State of Tripura, has been connected by railway line, which marks the first rail connection to another state capital of a North-eastern state since Independence.
*The dream of bringing rail services to the Kashmir Valley has also been realized with the start of train services between Anantnag and Rajwansher. The service up to Baramula will be extended in the next few days and up to Qazigund in the next four months.
*Gauge conversion works ofRewari-Ringus-Phulera and Darbhanga-Sitamarhi have also been completed.
*The new lines Sakri-Biraul, Moranhat-Dibrugarh, Hathua-Bathua Bazar and Puntamba-Shirdi have also been completed.
*Significant progress has been made in the field of railway electrification. As against 504 route km completed in 2003- 04 the target for 2008-09 is set at 1000 route km.
*Railways have conducted successful trials of running electric locomotives with overhead equipment at a height of about 7.5 metres. This will enable running of double stack containers on the electrified Western Dedicated Freight corridor.
*Similarly, the production of wagons during this period is targeted to increase from 6,600 per annum to nearly 15,000 (vehicle units) and diesel and electric locomotives from 202 to about 480.
*More importantly, through modernization ofthe network and technological upgradation of rolling stock, the capacity ofthe newly constructed track and rolling stock has increased significantly.
*Production of covered and open wagons of new design . has since commenced. This will result in a 78 per cent increase in capacity of goods rakes comprising of new design covered wagons as compared with the old stock. These trains can now carry a load of 4100 tonnes compared with the earlier load of2300 tonnes.
*The capacity of the freight trains comprising of open wagons with new design will also be 22 per cent more than before. Similarly, the capacity of passenger trains has also been increased.
Operating results for the previous fiscal
*Registering a growth of9 per cent, Railways loaded 794 million tonnes in 2007-08, which was 66 million tonnes more than the loading in 2006-07.
*Freight and passenger earnings grew at 14 and 15 per cent respectively. Total traffic earnings also increased by 15 per cent to reach Rs 71,645 cr.
*The cash surplus before dividend increased from the 2006-07 level ofRs 20,338 cr to Rs 25,006 cr. The plan expenditure increased to Rs 28,980 cr compared with Rs 25,002 cr in 2006-07.
Revised Estimates (RE) 2008-09
*The Railways registered an excellent performance in freight loading and earnings till the end of Sep 2008.
*During this period, freight loading and earnings registered a growth of 9 per cent and 19 per cent respectively. Similarly, the passenger earnings increased by 14 per cent. However, in Oct and Nov, the growth in freight loading was adversely impacted by the recession in the international markets.
*There was a steep reduction in iron ore for export and container traffic. The growth rate of steel traffic also reflected a decrease.
*This resulted in a decrease in freight loading and freight earnings in the months of Oct and Nov.
*The situation in Dee and Jan indicates some improvement and the budget targets for passenger and goods earnings set for this fiscal will be surpassed.
*Freight earnings increased to Rs 38,093 cr, by the end of Dee 2008, registering a growth of 14 per cent. Based on the present trend, the target for goods earnings for 2008- 09 have been increased by Rs 1,593 cr.
*Similarly, the earnings from passenger traffic increased by nearly 12 per cent up to Dee which is about three per cent more than the budgeted target.
*Accordingly, the revised estimates for freight earnings have been kept at Rs 54,293 cr, passenger earnings at Rs 22,330 cr, sundry earnings at Rs 3,250 cr, other coaching earnings at Rs 2,420 cr and Gross Traffic Receipts at Rs 82,393 cr.
*The operating ratio of the Railways is projected at 88 per cent. The revised Annual Plan outlay for 2008-09 is proposed at Rs 36,773 cr.
Budget Estimates (BE) for 2009-10
*The Budget Estimates for goods earnings, passenger earnings, sundry other earnings and other coaching earnings have been kept at Rs 59,059 cr, 25,000 cr, Rs 6,000 cr and Rs 3,000 cr respectively in 2009-10.
*The Gross Traffic Receipts have been projected at Rs 93,159 cr, exceeding the Revised Estimates for the current year by Rs 10,766 cr.
*Ordinary Working Expenses have been kept at Rs 62,900 cr in 2009-1 0, which are Rs 7,900 cr more than the Revised Estimates for 2008-09. This is mainly due to payment of 60 per cent of the arrears to the staff in view of the recommendations of the Sixth Pay Commission.
*The total Working Expenses are estimated at Rs 83,600 cr. The cash surplus before dividend is expected to be Rs 18,847 cr and the operating ratio 89.9 per cent.
*Dividend payable to the General Revenues for 2009-1 0, is estimated at Rs 5,304 cr, based on the current applicable rate.
Annual Plan 2009-10
*Annual Plan for 2009- J 0 envisages investment of Rs 37,905 cr. The budgetary support from the General Revenue has been proposed at Rs 9,600 cr excluding Rs 1,200 cr to be received from Central Road Fund.
*The Internal and Extra Budgetary Resource component would, accordingly, comprise 72 per cent of the Annual Plan.
*The work of construction of the double line Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor has commenced from near Dehri-on-Son on 10th Feb 2009. Work on construction of the Western Dedicated Freight Corridor will also start in Feb.
*In the 2007 -08 Budget, it had been announced that based on requirement, pre-feasibility studies would be undertaken for running bullet trains in various regions of the country. Action is on for examining feasibility of running bullet trains between Delhi-Amritsar, Ahmedabad-Mumbai-Pune, Hyderabad- Vij aywadaChennai, Chennai-Bangalore-Ernakulam and HowrahHaldia. Action will soon be started for conducting a pre feasibility study to run bullet trains between Delhi-Patna,
*The work of construction of Rail Wheel Factory at Chhapra is going on in right earnest. Efforts are being made to start work on Diesel and Electric Locomotive Factories at Marhoura and Madhepura.
*The wagon factories of Bharat Wagon Limited located at Mokama and Muzaffarpur have been transferred to Ministry of Railways. In view of the special request of local public representatives, the matter oftransfer ofthe wagon units of Bum Standard located at Burnpur and Howrah, to Ministry of Railways, in the same manner as Mokama and Muzaffarpur, would be discussed, for further action with the concerned Ministries.
*The surveys for construction of new line from Jhargram to Purulia and the new line for extension of Kolkata Metro, from Dum Dum to Dakshineshwar have been completed.
*The West Bengal government has also given its consent to contribute 50 per cent ofthe cost for extension of the Kolkata Metro. Further action is being taken for obtaining necessary approvals for these projects.
*With a view to facilitating smooth flow of rail traffic, construction of ROBIRUBs on fifty-fifty cost sharing basis, at Palej, Panoli, Kosamba and Kim in the districts of Sur at and Bharuch in Gujarat, Roshanara Garden and Sultanpuri in Delhi Area, Shastrinagar and Model Town ofLudhiana in Punjab and Vasarpadi in Tamil Nadu will be considered on priority.
*The administrative decision to set up two new railway divisions at Bhagalpur and Thawe.
SURVEYS
Based on demands the following surveys are proposed to be taken up:
New Lines
1.Ringus ~ Didwana via Khatu Shyamj i
2.Islampur ~ Manpur via Khijar Sarai/Sarbhada
3.Bakulha ~ Belthara Road
4.Bihariganj ~ Forbesganj via Muraliganj, Kumarkhand, Chhatapur
5.Piduguralla--Narasaraopet
6.Madhepura -- Virpur via Singheshwar, Pipra, Triveniganj
7.Botad -- Jasdan via Gondal
8.Bihariganj -- Naugachhia via Udakishunganj, Puraini, Chausa
9.Samdari -- Phalodi
10.Burhwal -- Bahraich
11.Areraj -- Narkatiaganj via Lauria
12.Lalganj -- Faizabad via Akbarganj, Maharajganj and Rae Bareilly
13.Parasnath -- Madhuban
14.Dheng -- Sonbarsa via Majorganj, Kanhauli
Gauge Conversion
1.Khijadia--Amreli--Junagarh
2.Champaner--Pani Mines
3.Chhuchhapura-- Tankhala with extention to Rajpipla
Doubling
1.Hospet-- Swamihalli
2.Tornagallu-- Ranj itpura
3.Bandikui-- Alwar
4.Ajmer--Palanpur
5.Tinpahar -- Bhagalpur
6.Anand Vihar --Tilak Bridge 3rd & 4th line
7.Dangoaposi -- Pandrasali 3rd line
8.Katwa- Farakka
PASSENGER SERVICES
New Trains
*In light of the demands expressed by passengers, the following services have been proposed:
1.Bilaspur ~ Tirunelvelli via Thiruvanathapuram Express (Weekly)
2.Ranchi ~ Jaynagar Express (Tri-weekly)
3.Secunderabad ~ Manuguru Superfast (Daily)
4.Mumbai .-. Karwar Superfast (Tri-weekly)
5.Bhopal ~ Lucknow Junction Garib Rath Express (Weekly)
6.Durg -- Jaipur Express (Weekly)
7.Chhatrapati Sahu terminal (Kolhapur) - Dhanbad Link Service via Parasnath (Weekly)
8.Sengottai -- Erode Passenger (Daily)
9.Dibrugarh Town .. 0 Chandigarh Express (Weekly)
10.Ajmer- Bhagalpurvia Delhi Garib Rath Express (Biweekly)
11.Nizamuddin ~ Bangalore via Kacheguda Rajdhani Express (Tri-weekly)
12.Barauni ~ Delhi Jan Sadharan Superfast (Bi-weekly)
13.Mumbai ~ Varanasi Superfast (Daily)
14.Mysore ~ Yesvantpur Express (Daily)
15.Jamalpur ~ Gaya Passenger
16.Koraput- Rourkela Express via Rayagada (Daily)
17.Agra=Ajmer Superfast (Daily)
18.Sitamarhi - Patna Link Service (Daily)
19.Tiruchchirapalli - Madurai Express (Daily)
20.Mumbai ~ Bikaner Superfast (Bi-weekly)
21.Jaynagar=-Ajrner Link Service (Bi-weekly)
22.Agra ~ Lucknow Junction Shatabdi Express (Daily)
23.Gandhidham ~ Kolkata Superfast (Weekly)
24.New Delhi -- Guwahati Rajdhani Express via Bhagalpur (Weekly)
25.Mumbai Tiruneivelli Superfast via Thiruvanathpuram (Bi-weekly)
26.Jammu Tawi - Darbhanga Garib Rath Express (Weekly)
27.Saharsa - Delhi Express via Patna (Weekly)
28.GwaIior - Bhopal Intercity Express via Guna (5 days a week)
29.Coimbatore - Tuticorin Link Service (Daily)
30.Howrah - Haridwar Superfast (5 days a week)
31.Machhalipatnam - Mumbai Superfast (Bi-weekly)
32.Varanasi - Jammu Tawi Superfast (Daily)
33.Gorakhpur- Mumbai Superfast (Daily)
34.Jhajha - Patna MEMU
35.New Delhi - Palwal MEMU
36.New Delhi - Guwahati Rajdhani Express via Muzaffarpur (Weekly)
37.Vera val- Mumbai Link service (Daily)
38.Ranchi - Patna J an Shatabdi (Daily)
39.Jhansi - Chhindwara Superfast (Bi-weekly)
40.Mumbai - Jodhpur Express (Weekly)
41.Hajipur - Bagaha Link Service
42.Howrah - Delhi Link Service via Azimganj Bhagalpur (Weekly)
43.Sitamarhi - Delhi Garib Rath Express via Patna (Weekly)
Extension of Trains
*The extension in services of the following trains has been proposed:
1.5761/5762 Ranehi - Alipurduar Express to Guwahati
2.9269/9270 Porbandar- Bapudham Motihari Express to Muzaffapur
3.1471/1472 Jabalpur- Bhopal Express to Laxmibai Nagar, Indore
4.6865/6866 Emakulam - Tiruehchirapalli Express to Nagore
5.3155/3156 Kolkata - Darbhanga Mithilanehal Express to Sitamarhi
6.2175/2176 Howrah - Gwalior Chambal Express to Mathura
7.2177/2178 Howrah - Agra Cantt Chambal Express to Mathura
8.6507/6508 Jodhpur - Bangalore Express to Coimbatore ,
9.2187/2188 Jabalpur-Mumbai Garib Rath Express to Allahabad
102927/2928 Mumbai - Vadodara Express to Chhotaudepur
11.541/542 Patna - Darbhanga Kamlaganga Fast Passenger to Biraul
12.3113/3114 Kolkata >- Murshidabad Hazar Duari Express to Lalgola
13.2909/2910 Mumbai - Jaipur Garib Rath Express to Delhi
14.2143/2144 Nagpur - Gaya Dikshabhoomi Parasnath Express to Dhanbad via Parasnath
Increase in Frequency
*It has been proposed to increase the frequency of the following train services:
1.2423/2424 New Delhi --GuwahatilDibrugarh Rajdhani Express from 5 days to 6 days
2.2443/2444 Bhubarreshwar - New Delhi Rajdhani Express from 2 days to 4 days
3.2395/2396 Ajmer - Rajendra Nagar Ziyarat Express from Weekly to Biweekly
4.2211/2212 Nizamuddin - Bapudham Motihari Garib Rath from Weekly to Biweekly
5.2183/2184 Bhopal-- Lucknow J unction Express from Bi-weekly to Triweekly
6.7091 / 7092 Secunderabad - Patna Express from Biweekly to Daily
7.2739/2740 Secunderabad - Vishakhapatnam Garib Rath Express from 4 days to Daily
8.2111/2112 Amravati - Mumbai Amravati Express from Tri-weekly to Daily
9.2149/2150 Pune -- Patna Express from 4 days a week to Daily
10.2957/2958 Ahmedabad - New Delhi Rajdhani Express from 6 days to Daily
11.2947/2948 Ahmedabad - Patna Azimabad Express from Bi-weekly to Triweekly
12.2887/2888 Puri - Howrah Express from weekly to Biweekly
13. 2487/2488 Jogbani - Delhi Seemanchal Express from 5 days to 6 days a week
14.2823/2824 Nizarnrnudin-Durg Chattisgarh Sampark Kranti from 2 days to 3 days a week
*The local MEMU trains traveling between Gaya Patna, Jhajha-Patna, Buxar-Patna, Mughalsarai - Patna, AraPatna and Mokama-Danapur are heavily crowded.
*Presently most of the MEMU rakes are of 12 coaches. Only 6 services out of 18 have 16 coaches. It has, therefore, been decided to provide 16 coaches for all these 18 services.
*MEMU services on these routes by the end of Mar-Apr 2009. This will provide comfort to passengers travelling by local trains.
*Respecting the wishes of crores of people, for the fourth consecutive time, it has been decided to reduce the passenger fares, for non sub-urban mail/express and ordinary passenger trains by one more rupee for fares costing up to rupees fifty per passenger.
*With this there has been a historic reduction in the passenger fares for non sub-urban second classes continuously over the last four years, by rupees four per passenger.
*Since the fare for rail travel for 10 km and below has already been reduced from four rupees to one rupee, therefore, this reduction will not be applicable for secondclass raiIjoumey up to lO km.
*The second-class and sleeper-class fates of all mail! express and ordinary passenger trains have been reduced by 2 per cent for the ticket costing more than Rupees fifty per passenger.
*It has been decided to reduce the fares of AC first class, AC2 tier,AC 3 tierandAC ChairCarby2 per cent.
*This is the same Railways which faced a paucity offunds for replacement of over-aged assets in 200 I and which had to defer payment of Rs 2,800 cr as dividend to General Revenues.
*The Indian Railway Finance Corporation, in Nov 2008, has successfully raised a I O-cr-dollar loan, equivalent to Rs 500 cr, at a rate of only 4 per cent, from the international market.
*In the last five years the Railways have stepped up the annual growth rate offreight loading from an average of 3 per cent during the decade of 90s to an average of8 per cent.
*The declining trend of Railways, share in transportation of steel and cement, witnessed during the past several years has also been arrested as the Railways increased their share in transportation of these commodities, over the last five years.
*In the last five years there has also been a significant improvement m Railway safety and a steep reduction in the number of railway accidents.
*The number of consequential accidents came down to 194 in 2007-08, as against 325 in 2003-04.
*The number of consequential train accidents during Apr to Nov in the current year decreased to I 17 as compared to 138 during the corresponding period ofthe previous year.
*The Railways are increasingly becoming more outward looking and customer-centric. Today passengers are reserving tickets through the internet from their homes.
-- Apart from this, the facility to reserve tickets is available at ATMs, petrol pumps and post offices.
*Earlier passengers used to face considerable difficulty in getting information about train services. However, today this information can be obtained from any corner of the country.
--This has been made possible through the' 139 Train Enquiry Service', which is available 24 hours a day in I I different 3 languages.
--Four caIl centres have been set up in four comers of the country. These facilitate availability of instantaneous information on train arrival-departure, reservation status, etc. Presently more than 5 lakh passengers are daily availing this facility.
*Introduction of the fully air-conditioned Garib Raths and the free passenger upgrade facility from lower classes to vacant air-conditioned upper classes has enabled lakhs of people to enjoy the comfort of travelling in airconditioned class for the first time in their lives.
*A number of improvements like better cleanliness in trains and stations, provision of cushioned seats in place of wooden seats in coaches of ordinary class, and increase in the height of the platform at smaller stations have been initiated.
*In addition platform shelters are being constructed at smaller stations for protection against cold, heat and ram.
*Heavy investments will have to be made for enhancing capacity of rolling stock, technical upgradation and advancement in technology to achieve the ambitious targets set for passenger and freight business segments, in the 11th Five Year Plan.
--Therefore Railways have deployed their investible surplus of nearly Rs 70,000 cr earned between 2004- 05 to 2008-09 to increase its productivity. Railways will invest Rs 2,30,000 cr under the II th Five Year Plan, which is almost three times the amount allocated in the 10th Five Year Plan.
--The objective is to increase the transport capacity of the Railways and to reduce the unit cost of operations.
*Railways investment outlays have been stepped up from Rs 13,394 cr in 2003-04 to Rs 36,773 cr in 2008-09. Railways would be completing the work of 4900 km of gauge conversion, 1800 km of doubling and laying 1100 km of new lines, over five years.
*Agartala, the capital of the North-Eastern State of Tripura, has been connected by railway line, which marks the first rail connection to another state capital of a North-eastern state since Independence.
*The dream of bringing rail services to the Kashmir Valley has also been realized with the start of train services between Anantnag and Rajwansher. The service up to Baramula will be extended in the next few days and up to Qazigund in the next four months.
*Gauge conversion works ofRewari-Ringus-Phulera and Darbhanga-Sitamarhi have also been completed.
*The new lines Sakri-Biraul, Moranhat-Dibrugarh, Hathua-Bathua Bazar and Puntamba-Shirdi have also been completed.
*Significant progress has been made in the field of railway electrification. As against 504 route km completed in 2003- 04 the target for 2008-09 is set at 1000 route km.
*Railways have conducted successful trials of running electric locomotives with overhead equipment at a height of about 7.5 metres. This will enable running of double stack containers on the electrified Western Dedicated Freight corridor.
*Similarly, the production of wagons during this period is targeted to increase from 6,600 per annum to nearly 15,000 (vehicle units) and diesel and electric locomotives from 202 to about 480.
*More importantly, through modernization ofthe network and technological upgradation of rolling stock, the capacity ofthe newly constructed track and rolling stock has increased significantly.
*Production of covered and open wagons of new design . has since commenced. This will result in a 78 per cent increase in capacity of goods rakes comprising of new design covered wagons as compared with the old stock. These trains can now carry a load of 4100 tonnes compared with the earlier load of2300 tonnes.
*The capacity of the freight trains comprising of open wagons with new design will also be 22 per cent more than before. Similarly, the capacity of passenger trains has also been increased.
Operating results for the previous fiscal
*Registering a growth of9 per cent, Railways loaded 794 million tonnes in 2007-08, which was 66 million tonnes more than the loading in 2006-07.
*Freight and passenger earnings grew at 14 and 15 per cent respectively. Total traffic earnings also increased by 15 per cent to reach Rs 71,645 cr.
*The cash surplus before dividend increased from the 2006-07 level ofRs 20,338 cr to Rs 25,006 cr. The plan expenditure increased to Rs 28,980 cr compared with Rs 25,002 cr in 2006-07.
Revised Estimates (RE) 2008-09
*The Railways registered an excellent performance in freight loading and earnings till the end of Sep 2008.
*During this period, freight loading and earnings registered a growth of 9 per cent and 19 per cent respectively. Similarly, the passenger earnings increased by 14 per cent. However, in Oct and Nov, the growth in freight loading was adversely impacted by the recession in the international markets.
*There was a steep reduction in iron ore for export and container traffic. The growth rate of steel traffic also reflected a decrease.
*This resulted in a decrease in freight loading and freight earnings in the months of Oct and Nov.
*The situation in Dee and Jan indicates some improvement and the budget targets for passenger and goods earnings set for this fiscal will be surpassed.
*Freight earnings increased to Rs 38,093 cr, by the end of Dee 2008, registering a growth of 14 per cent. Based on the present trend, the target for goods earnings for 2008- 09 have been increased by Rs 1,593 cr.
*Similarly, the earnings from passenger traffic increased by nearly 12 per cent up to Dee which is about three per cent more than the budgeted target.
*Accordingly, the revised estimates for freight earnings have been kept at Rs 54,293 cr, passenger earnings at Rs 22,330 cr, sundry earnings at Rs 3,250 cr, other coaching earnings at Rs 2,420 cr and Gross Traffic Receipts at Rs 82,393 cr.
*The operating ratio of the Railways is projected at 88 per cent. The revised Annual Plan outlay for 2008-09 is proposed at Rs 36,773 cr.
Budget Estimates (BE) for 2009-10
*The Budget Estimates for goods earnings, passenger earnings, sundry other earnings and other coaching earnings have been kept at Rs 59,059 cr, 25,000 cr, Rs 6,000 cr and Rs 3,000 cr respectively in 2009-10.
*The Gross Traffic Receipts have been projected at Rs 93,159 cr, exceeding the Revised Estimates for the current year by Rs 10,766 cr.
*Ordinary Working Expenses have been kept at Rs 62,900 cr in 2009-1 0, which are Rs 7,900 cr more than the Revised Estimates for 2008-09. This is mainly due to payment of 60 per cent of the arrears to the staff in view of the recommendations of the Sixth Pay Commission.
*The total Working Expenses are estimated at Rs 83,600 cr. The cash surplus before dividend is expected to be Rs 18,847 cr and the operating ratio 89.9 per cent.
*Dividend payable to the General Revenues for 2009-1 0, is estimated at Rs 5,304 cr, based on the current applicable rate.
Annual Plan 2009-10
*Annual Plan for 2009- J 0 envisages investment of Rs 37,905 cr. The budgetary support from the General Revenue has been proposed at Rs 9,600 cr excluding Rs 1,200 cr to be received from Central Road Fund.
*The Internal and Extra Budgetary Resource component would, accordingly, comprise 72 per cent of the Annual Plan.
*The work of construction of the double line Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor has commenced from near Dehri-on-Son on 10th Feb 2009. Work on construction of the Western Dedicated Freight Corridor will also start in Feb.
*In the 2007 -08 Budget, it had been announced that based on requirement, pre-feasibility studies would be undertaken for running bullet trains in various regions of the country. Action is on for examining feasibility of running bullet trains between Delhi-Amritsar, Ahmedabad-Mumbai-Pune, Hyderabad- Vij aywadaChennai, Chennai-Bangalore-Ernakulam and HowrahHaldia. Action will soon be started for conducting a pre feasibility study to run bullet trains between Delhi-Patna,
*The work of construction of Rail Wheel Factory at Chhapra is going on in right earnest. Efforts are being made to start work on Diesel and Electric Locomotive Factories at Marhoura and Madhepura.
*The wagon factories of Bharat Wagon Limited located at Mokama and Muzaffarpur have been transferred to Ministry of Railways. In view of the special request of local public representatives, the matter oftransfer ofthe wagon units of Bum Standard located at Burnpur and Howrah, to Ministry of Railways, in the same manner as Mokama and Muzaffarpur, would be discussed, for further action with the concerned Ministries.
*The surveys for construction of new line from Jhargram to Purulia and the new line for extension of Kolkata Metro, from Dum Dum to Dakshineshwar have been completed.
*The West Bengal government has also given its consent to contribute 50 per cent ofthe cost for extension of the Kolkata Metro. Further action is being taken for obtaining necessary approvals for these projects.
*With a view to facilitating smooth flow of rail traffic, construction of ROBIRUBs on fifty-fifty cost sharing basis, at Palej, Panoli, Kosamba and Kim in the districts of Sur at and Bharuch in Gujarat, Roshanara Garden and Sultanpuri in Delhi Area, Shastrinagar and Model Town ofLudhiana in Punjab and Vasarpadi in Tamil Nadu will be considered on priority.
*The administrative decision to set up two new railway divisions at Bhagalpur and Thawe.
SURVEYS
Based on demands the following surveys are proposed to be taken up:
New Lines
1.Ringus ~ Didwana via Khatu Shyamj i
2.Islampur ~ Manpur via Khijar Sarai/Sarbhada
3.Bakulha ~ Belthara Road
4.Bihariganj ~ Forbesganj via Muraliganj, Kumarkhand, Chhatapur
5.Piduguralla--Narasaraopet
6.Madhepura -- Virpur via Singheshwar, Pipra, Triveniganj
7.Botad -- Jasdan via Gondal
8.Bihariganj -- Naugachhia via Udakishunganj, Puraini, Chausa
9.Samdari -- Phalodi
10.Burhwal -- Bahraich
11.Areraj -- Narkatiaganj via Lauria
12.Lalganj -- Faizabad via Akbarganj, Maharajganj and Rae Bareilly
13.Parasnath -- Madhuban
14.Dheng -- Sonbarsa via Majorganj, Kanhauli
Gauge Conversion
1.Khijadia--Amreli--Junagarh
2.Champaner--Pani Mines
3.Chhuchhapura-- Tankhala with extention to Rajpipla
Doubling
1.Hospet-- Swamihalli
2.Tornagallu-- Ranj itpura
3.Bandikui-- Alwar
4.Ajmer--Palanpur
5.Tinpahar -- Bhagalpur
6.Anand Vihar --Tilak Bridge 3rd & 4th line
7.Dangoaposi -- Pandrasali 3rd line
8.Katwa- Farakka
PASSENGER SERVICES
New Trains
*In light of the demands expressed by passengers, the following services have been proposed:
1.Bilaspur ~ Tirunelvelli via Thiruvanathapuram Express (Weekly)
2.Ranchi ~ Jaynagar Express (Tri-weekly)
3.Secunderabad ~ Manuguru Superfast (Daily)
4.Mumbai .-. Karwar Superfast (Tri-weekly)
5.Bhopal ~ Lucknow Junction Garib Rath Express (Weekly)
6.Durg -- Jaipur Express (Weekly)
7.Chhatrapati Sahu terminal (Kolhapur) - Dhanbad Link Service via Parasnath (Weekly)
8.Sengottai -- Erode Passenger (Daily)
9.Dibrugarh Town .. 0 Chandigarh Express (Weekly)
10.Ajmer- Bhagalpurvia Delhi Garib Rath Express (Biweekly)
11.Nizamuddin ~ Bangalore via Kacheguda Rajdhani Express (Tri-weekly)
12.Barauni ~ Delhi Jan Sadharan Superfast (Bi-weekly)
13.Mumbai ~ Varanasi Superfast (Daily)
14.Mysore ~ Yesvantpur Express (Daily)
15.Jamalpur ~ Gaya Passenger
16.Koraput- Rourkela Express via Rayagada (Daily)
17.Agra=Ajmer Superfast (Daily)
18.Sitamarhi - Patna Link Service (Daily)
19.Tiruchchirapalli - Madurai Express (Daily)
20.Mumbai ~ Bikaner Superfast (Bi-weekly)
21.Jaynagar=-Ajrner Link Service (Bi-weekly)
22.Agra ~ Lucknow Junction Shatabdi Express (Daily)
23.Gandhidham ~ Kolkata Superfast (Weekly)
24.New Delhi -- Guwahati Rajdhani Express via Bhagalpur (Weekly)
25.Mumbai Tiruneivelli Superfast via Thiruvanathpuram (Bi-weekly)
26.Jammu Tawi - Darbhanga Garib Rath Express (Weekly)
27.Saharsa - Delhi Express via Patna (Weekly)
28.GwaIior - Bhopal Intercity Express via Guna (5 days a week)
29.Coimbatore - Tuticorin Link Service (Daily)
30.Howrah - Haridwar Superfast (5 days a week)
31.Machhalipatnam - Mumbai Superfast (Bi-weekly)
32.Varanasi - Jammu Tawi Superfast (Daily)
33.Gorakhpur- Mumbai Superfast (Daily)
34.Jhajha - Patna MEMU
35.New Delhi - Palwal MEMU
36.New Delhi - Guwahati Rajdhani Express via Muzaffarpur (Weekly)
37.Vera val- Mumbai Link service (Daily)
38.Ranchi - Patna J an Shatabdi (Daily)
39.Jhansi - Chhindwara Superfast (Bi-weekly)
40.Mumbai - Jodhpur Express (Weekly)
41.Hajipur - Bagaha Link Service
42.Howrah - Delhi Link Service via Azimganj Bhagalpur (Weekly)
43.Sitamarhi - Delhi Garib Rath Express via Patna (Weekly)
Extension of Trains
*The extension in services of the following trains has been proposed:
1.5761/5762 Ranehi - Alipurduar Express to Guwahati
2.9269/9270 Porbandar- Bapudham Motihari Express to Muzaffapur
3.1471/1472 Jabalpur- Bhopal Express to Laxmibai Nagar, Indore
4.6865/6866 Emakulam - Tiruehchirapalli Express to Nagore
5.3155/3156 Kolkata - Darbhanga Mithilanehal Express to Sitamarhi
6.2175/2176 Howrah - Gwalior Chambal Express to Mathura
7.2177/2178 Howrah - Agra Cantt Chambal Express to Mathura
8.6507/6508 Jodhpur - Bangalore Express to Coimbatore ,
9.2187/2188 Jabalpur-Mumbai Garib Rath Express to Allahabad
102927/2928 Mumbai - Vadodara Express to Chhotaudepur
11.541/542 Patna - Darbhanga Kamlaganga Fast Passenger to Biraul
12.3113/3114 Kolkata >- Murshidabad Hazar Duari Express to Lalgola
13.2909/2910 Mumbai - Jaipur Garib Rath Express to Delhi
14.2143/2144 Nagpur - Gaya Dikshabhoomi Parasnath Express to Dhanbad via Parasnath
Increase in Frequency
*It has been proposed to increase the frequency of the following train services:
1.2423/2424 New Delhi --GuwahatilDibrugarh Rajdhani Express from 5 days to 6 days
2.2443/2444 Bhubarreshwar - New Delhi Rajdhani Express from 2 days to 4 days
3.2395/2396 Ajmer - Rajendra Nagar Ziyarat Express from Weekly to Biweekly
4.2211/2212 Nizamuddin - Bapudham Motihari Garib Rath from Weekly to Biweekly
5.2183/2184 Bhopal-- Lucknow J unction Express from Bi-weekly to Triweekly
6.7091 / 7092 Secunderabad - Patna Express from Biweekly to Daily
7.2739/2740 Secunderabad - Vishakhapatnam Garib Rath Express from 4 days to Daily
8.2111/2112 Amravati - Mumbai Amravati Express from Tri-weekly to Daily
9.2149/2150 Pune -- Patna Express from 4 days a week to Daily
10.2957/2958 Ahmedabad - New Delhi Rajdhani Express from 6 days to Daily
11.2947/2948 Ahmedabad - Patna Azimabad Express from Bi-weekly to Triweekly
12.2887/2888 Puri - Howrah Express from weekly to Biweekly
13. 2487/2488 Jogbani - Delhi Seemanchal Express from 5 days to 6 days a week
14.2823/2824 Nizarnrnudin-Durg Chattisgarh Sampark Kranti from 2 days to 3 days a week
*The local MEMU trains traveling between Gaya Patna, Jhajha-Patna, Buxar-Patna, Mughalsarai - Patna, AraPatna and Mokama-Danapur are heavily crowded.
*Presently most of the MEMU rakes are of 12 coaches. Only 6 services out of 18 have 16 coaches. It has, therefore, been decided to provide 16 coaches for all these 18 services.
*MEMU services on these routes by the end of Mar-Apr 2009. This will provide comfort to passengers travelling by local trains.
*Respecting the wishes of crores of people, for the fourth consecutive time, it has been decided to reduce the passenger fares, for non sub-urban mail/express and ordinary passenger trains by one more rupee for fares costing up to rupees fifty per passenger.
*With this there has been a historic reduction in the passenger fares for non sub-urban second classes continuously over the last four years, by rupees four per passenger.
*Since the fare for rail travel for 10 km and below has already been reduced from four rupees to one rupee, therefore, this reduction will not be applicable for secondclass raiIjoumey up to lO km.
*The second-class and sleeper-class fates of all mail! express and ordinary passenger trains have been reduced by 2 per cent for the ticket costing more than Rupees fifty per passenger.
*It has been decided to reduce the fares of AC first class, AC2 tier,AC 3 tierandAC ChairCarby2 per cent.
What is the Union Budget?
0 comments1. What is the Union Budget?
The Union Budget is a yearly document the government comes OUt with, stating how much money it earns from taxes and how it was spent in the previous year.
It also outlines its strategy for raising money via taxes, and its plans for expenditure, in the coming year.
2. When is it presented?
Once every financial year (April 1 to March 31). The actual date is fixed by the President of India.
By convention, it is presented in Parliament (Lok Sabha) on the last working day of February.
3. Who draws it up?
The Budget Division of the Finance Ministry.
All government ministries and departments send the division its proposals and requirement of funds. The government does not work in isolation but also interacts with players in the industry to ensure that their needs and grievances are addressed. This Budget Division will then draw up allocations for the various ministries. In other words, how much money goes to each one.
This will then be approved by the finance minister and, finally, the prime minister. Only then will it be presented in Parliament.
4. Is it the same as the Economic Survey?
No. The Economic Survey is an annual commentary on the state of the economy. It is put together by the Finance Ministry. This is an important source of data for economists and academicians.
It is presented in Parliament just before the Union Budget and soon after the Railway Budget (targeted only for the railway ministry). The Railway Budget is presented a day or two before the Union Budget.
>> The Union Budget is an estimate of inflows (money to come in) and outflows (money to be spent) of the government during the year. Basically, a projection on how the government is going to get and spend money in the coming year.
In other words, the Economic Survey will tell you how the economy performed the previous year, while the Budget will tell you what to expect in the coming year.
5. Where is the money kept that the government raises?
Consolidated Fund
All money raised by the government (taxes, loans repaid, loans given) is placed here.
Contingency Fund
This money is only to be used for disasters and crises and can onlv be used with the President's permission.
Public Account
Money raised from various government schemes (provident fund, small savings schemes) is kept here.
Technically, this money does not belong ro the government (it has to return the money to the depositors some day).
6. What is the Revenue and Capital Budget?
Revenue Budget
Revenue spending (revenue expenditure) takes place from this budget.
Salaries of government employees and military staff, perks for ministers, office furniture, grants to state governments, subsidies, interest to be paid OIl loans taken and pensions for ex-defence staff are all accounted for here and referred to as revenue spending.
Any expenditure required for the normal running of the government.
This spending must be financed from the revert ue that the government earns in the form of taxes (corporate, income), duties (excise, custom), receipts, fees, interest and dividends (if the government makes investments).
Capital Budget
Capital spending (capital expenditure) refers to the money spent on creating assets (roads, highways, dams), buying land or buildings, purchasing machinery and equipment.
This spending is financed from loans from the public (market loans), from the Reserve Bank oflndia (the country's central bank), from foreign governments or international organisations like the World Bank. Also included are any investments made by the government in shares or other such instruments. Loans the government earlier gave other stares or Union territories and are now repaid find their way here.
7. What is Plan and non-Plan expenditure?
The word 'Plan' here refers to the government's five-year economic plans. The Planning Commission is responsible for coming our with plans every five years to determine the direction the coun try should move it and allocate resources efflcienrly.
The first Five Year Plan was launched in 1951; Jawaharlal Nehru was the first chairman of the Planning Commission. Currently, the 11'1, Five Year Plan is on (2007-2012).
All Plan and non-Plan expenditures tit into the ahove categories of revenue and capital expenditure.
Non-Plan expenditure: Defence, interest payments on loans, grants to states. It can be divided into revenue spending and capital spending.
Plan expenditure: Pension, salaries and subsidies. This, too, can be divided into revenue spending and capital spending (though the bulk is revenue spending).
The Union Budget is a yearly document the government comes OUt with, stating how much money it earns from taxes and how it was spent in the previous year.
It also outlines its strategy for raising money via taxes, and its plans for expenditure, in the coming year.
2. When is it presented?
Once every financial year (April 1 to March 31). The actual date is fixed by the President of India.
By convention, it is presented in Parliament (Lok Sabha) on the last working day of February.
3. Who draws it up?
The Budget Division of the Finance Ministry.
All government ministries and departments send the division its proposals and requirement of funds. The government does not work in isolation but also interacts with players in the industry to ensure that their needs and grievances are addressed. This Budget Division will then draw up allocations for the various ministries. In other words, how much money goes to each one.
This will then be approved by the finance minister and, finally, the prime minister. Only then will it be presented in Parliament.
4. Is it the same as the Economic Survey?
No. The Economic Survey is an annual commentary on the state of the economy. It is put together by the Finance Ministry. This is an important source of data for economists and academicians.
It is presented in Parliament just before the Union Budget and soon after the Railway Budget (targeted only for the railway ministry). The Railway Budget is presented a day or two before the Union Budget.
>> The Union Budget is an estimate of inflows (money to come in) and outflows (money to be spent) of the government during the year. Basically, a projection on how the government is going to get and spend money in the coming year.
In other words, the Economic Survey will tell you how the economy performed the previous year, while the Budget will tell you what to expect in the coming year.
5. Where is the money kept that the government raises?
Consolidated Fund
All money raised by the government (taxes, loans repaid, loans given) is placed here.
Contingency Fund
This money is only to be used for disasters and crises and can onlv be used with the President's permission.
Public Account
Money raised from various government schemes (provident fund, small savings schemes) is kept here.
Technically, this money does not belong ro the government (it has to return the money to the depositors some day).
6. What is the Revenue and Capital Budget?
Revenue Budget
Revenue spending (revenue expenditure) takes place from this budget.
Salaries of government employees and military staff, perks for ministers, office furniture, grants to state governments, subsidies, interest to be paid OIl loans taken and pensions for ex-defence staff are all accounted for here and referred to as revenue spending.
Any expenditure required for the normal running of the government.
This spending must be financed from the revert ue that the government earns in the form of taxes (corporate, income), duties (excise, custom), receipts, fees, interest and dividends (if the government makes investments).
Capital Budget
Capital spending (capital expenditure) refers to the money spent on creating assets (roads, highways, dams), buying land or buildings, purchasing machinery and equipment.
This spending is financed from loans from the public (market loans), from the Reserve Bank oflndia (the country's central bank), from foreign governments or international organisations like the World Bank. Also included are any investments made by the government in shares or other such instruments. Loans the government earlier gave other stares or Union territories and are now repaid find their way here.
7. What is Plan and non-Plan expenditure?
The word 'Plan' here refers to the government's five-year economic plans. The Planning Commission is responsible for coming our with plans every five years to determine the direction the coun try should move it and allocate resources efflcienrly.
The first Five Year Plan was launched in 1951; Jawaharlal Nehru was the first chairman of the Planning Commission. Currently, the 11'1, Five Year Plan is on (2007-2012).
All Plan and non-Plan expenditures tit into the ahove categories of revenue and capital expenditure.
Non-Plan expenditure: Defence, interest payments on loans, grants to states. It can be divided into revenue spending and capital spending.
Plan expenditure: Pension, salaries and subsidies. This, too, can be divided into revenue spending and capital spending (though the bulk is revenue spending).
Interim Budget 2009-10
0 comments
INTRODUCTION
>>The Gross Domestic Product increased by 7.5 per cent, 9.5 per cent, 9.7 percent and 9 per cent in the first four years from fiscal year 2004-05 to 2007-08 recording a sustained growth of over 9 per cent for three consecutive years for the first time.
>>The growth drivers for the period were agriculture, services, and manufacturing along with trade and construction.
>>Fiscal deficit came down from 4.5 per cent in 2003-04 to 2.7 percent in 2007-08 and Revenue deficit from 3.6 per cent to 1.1 per cent in 2007-08.
>>The domestic investment rate as a proportion of GDP increased from 27.6 per cent in 2003-04 to 39 per cent in 2007-08. Gross domestic savings rate shot up from 29.8 per cent to 37.7 per cent during this period.
>>The Gross capital formation in agriculture as a proportion of agriculture G DP increased from 11.1 per cent in 2003- 04 to 14.2 per cent in 2007-08
>>The tax-to-GDP ratio increased from 9.2 per cent in 2003- 04 to 12.5 per cent in 2007-08.
>>Annual growth rate of agriculture rose to 3.7 per cent during 2003-04 to 2007-08.
>>The foodgrain production recorded an increase of 10 million
tonnes each year during this period and touched
an all-time high of230 million tonnes in 2007-08.
>>While manufacturing sector recorded growth of9.5 per cent per annum in the period 2004-05 to 2007-08, communication and construction sectors grew at the rate of26 per cent and 13.5 per cent per annum respectively.
>>Exports grew at an annual average growth rate of26.4 per cent in US dollar terms in the period 2004-05 to 2007- 08. Foreign trade increased from 23.7 per cent ofGDP in 2003-04 to 35.5 per cent in 2007-08.
OUTLOOK FOR THE YEAR 2008-09
>>Despite the global financial crisis, which began in 2007, impacting most emerging market economies, 7.1 per cent rate of GDP growth in the current year makes India the second fastest growing economy in the world.
>>Fallouts of global slowdown on Indian economy were countered with fiscal stimulus packages announced on Dee 7, 2008 and Jan 2, 2009, providing tax reliefto boost demand and increasing expenditure on public projects.
>>Government accorded approval to 37 infrastructure projects worth Rs 70,000 cr from Aug, 2008 to Jan, 2009 alone.
>>Under PPP mode, 54 Central Sector infrastructure projects with a project cost ofRs 67 ,700 cr given in-principal or final approval and 23 projects amounting to Rs 27,900 cr approved for viability gap funding in 2008-09.
>>India Infrastructure Finance Company Ltd (IIFCL) to refinance upto 60 per cent of commercial bank loans for PPP projects involving total investment ofRs 1,00,000 cr in infrastructure over the next eighteen months.
>>In addition to RBI taking a number of monetary easing and liquidity enhancing measures such as reduction in cash reserve ratio, statutory liquidity ratio and key policy rates, Government has taken specific measures which include extension of export credit for labour-intensive exports, improving pre- and post-shipment credit availability, additional allocations for refund of Terminal Excise Duty/CST and export incentive schemes besides removal of export duty and export ban on certain items. A Committee of Secretaries was set up to address procedural problems faced by exporters.
>>Record US$ 32.4 billion FDI was received in 2007-08 and notwithstanding financial uncertainty and slowdown, FDI inflows during Apr-Nov, 2008 were US$ 23.3 billion, recording a growth of 45 per cent over the same period in 2007.
>>FRBM targets for the 2008-09 and for fiscal 2009-1 0 have been relaxed to provide much needed demand boost. However, medium-term objective is to revert to fiscal consolidation at the earliest.
INITIATIVES AND ACHIEVEMENT
Agriculture
>>Plan allocation for agriculture increased by 300 per cent from 2003-04 to 2008-09. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna launched in 2007-08 with an outlay ofRs 25,000 cr to increase growth rate of agriculture and allied sector to 4 per cent per annum during Eleventh Plan period.
>>Agriculture credit disbursement increased three times from Rs 87,000 cr in 2003-04 to about Rs 2,50,000 cr in 2007-08.
>>To strengthen short-term cooperative credit structure, revival package in 25 states involving financial assistance of about Rs 13,500 cr is being implemented.
>>Interest subvention to be continued in 2009-10 to ensure that farmers get short term crop loans up to Rs 3 lakh at 7 per cent per annum.
>>The Agricultural Debt Waiver and Debt Relief Scheme, 2008 was implemented by June 30,2008 as scheduled. Debt waiver/debt relief amounting to Rs 65,300 cr covers 3.6 cr farmers.
>>Despite higher procurement cost and higher international prices during the last 5 years, the central issue prices under Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) maintained at July 2000 level in case of Below Poverty Line (BPL) and Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) categories and at July 2002 levels for Above Poverty Line (APL) category.
>>Minimum Support Price (MSP) for common variety of paddy increased from Rs 550 per quintal in 2003-04 to Rs 900 per quintal for the crop year 2008-09. In case of wheat, increase was from Rs 630 per quintal in 2003-04 to Rs 1080 per quintal forthe year 2009.
Rural Development
>>The corpus of Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RlDF) increased from Rs 5,500 cr in 2003-04 to Rs 14,000 cr for the year 2008-09. A separate window for rural roads created with a corpus of Rs 4,000 cr for each of the last three years.
>>As against 60 lakh houses to be constructed under Indira Awaas Yojana by 2008-09, 60 lakh twelve thousand houses constructed between 20(JS-06 and Dee, 2008.
>>Panchayat Empowerment and Accountability Scheme (PE,AIS) proposed to be expanded.
>>'Project Arrow' to provide new technology-enabled services through post offices to common man and support effective implementation of social sector schemes like NREGS, while promoting financial inclusion.
Education
>>Major initiatives including a new Centrally Sponsored Scheme launched to universalize education at secondary stage in the year 2008-09.
>>Outlay on Higher Education increased 9-fold in the Eleventh Five Year Plan. Ordinance promulgated for establishing 15 Central Universities. In addition to 6 new Indian Institutes of Technology (Il Ts) in Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Orissa, Punjab and Gujarat, which started functioning in 2008-09. two more IlTs in Madhya Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh are expected to commence their academic session in 2009-10.5 Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) announced earlier has become functional. Two new schools of Planning and Architecture at Vijayawada and Bhopal have started functioning. Teaching i; expected to commence from academic year 2009-1 0 in four out of six new Indian lnstirutes of Management proposed for the Eleventh Plan in Haryana, Rajasthan, Jharkhand and 1~1m i I :'\ adu.
>>Due to revision in Educational Loan Scheme by the Government the number ofbeneficiaries increased from 3 191akh to 14.091akh and amount of loan outstanding increased from Rs 4,500 cr as on Mar, 31, 2004 to Rs 24,260 cr as on Sep 30, 2008.
>>500 ITIs upgraded into centres of excellence. National Skill Development Corporation created in July 2008 with initial corpus ofRs 1,000 cr.
Social Sector
>>Authorised capital of National Safai Karamchari Finance and Development Corporation (NSKFDC) is being raised from Rs 200 cr to Rs 300 cr.
>>Scope ofthe pre-matric scholarship for children of those engaged in unclean occupations expanded and rates of scholarship doubled in 2008-09. Annual ad hoc grant increased by about 50 per cent as compared to earlier rates.
>>Rashtriya Mahila Kosh to be strengthened by enhancing its authorised capital.
>>'Priyadarsin i Proj eet' a rural women's employment and livelihood programme, will be implemented as pilot in the district of Madhubani and Sitamarhi in Bihar and Shravasti, Bahraich, Rai Bareli and Sultanpur in Uttar Pradesh.
>>146 lakh persons benefited under Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme in 2008-09.
>>Two new schemes - 'Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme' to provide pension ofRs 200 to widows between age groups of 40-64 years and 'Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme' to provide pension for severely disabled persons.
>>Widows in the age group of 18-40 years to be given priority in admission to ITIs, Women ITIs and National! Regional ITIs for women. Government to bear cost of their training and provide stipend of Rs 500 per month.
>>22 States and Union Territories initiated process to implement Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana for BPL families in the unorganised sector and 60 lakh thirty two thousand persons covered for death and disability under 'AamAdmni'Bima Yojana (AABY).
Public Sector Enterprises
>>Turnover of Central Public Sector Enterprises increased from Rs 5,87,000 cr in 2003-04 to Rs 10,81,000 cr in 2007- 08 and profits grew from Rs 53,000 cr to Rs 91,000 cr. While the number of loss-making enterprises came down from 73 in 2003-04 to 55 in 2007-08, the number of profit making enterprises has gone up from 143 to 158 during the same period.
>>Government approved implementation of Guidelines on Corporate Governance in Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) in June 2007.
>>Corpus of National Investment Fund, created out of disinvestment proceeds from Central PSU stood at Rs 1,815 cr as on December31, 2008.
Financial Sector Reforms
>>NPAs of Public Sector Banks declined from 7.8 per cent on Mar 31,2004 to 2.3 per cent on Mar 31,2008.
>>As a result of initiating process of amalgamation and recapitalisation of Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) with negative net worth, 196 RRBs merged into 85 RRBs. The Government has contributed Rs 652 cr for capitalisation ofRRBs upto Dec 31, 2008.
>>The number of reforms undertaken in the last four years to deepen and widen the securities markets and strengthen the regulatory mechanisms for these markets.
>>The Companies Bill, 2008, undertaking comprehensive revision of Companies Act, 1956 to enable adoption of internationally accepted best practices, has been introduced in the Parliament.
Tax Effort
>>Comprehensive reforms of tax system-both direct and indirect-have enabled the tax administration to enhance its functional efficiency and provide better tax payer services leading to increased compliance. Rates of Union Excise Duties and Service Tax rationalized for eventual shift to the Goods and Service Tax on 1 st Apr, 20 I O.
>>109 marine vessels sanctioned for the Customs Department to prevent movements of contraband goods across the country's sea borders.
Administrative Reforms
>>The enactment of the Right to Information Act at the Centre and in many States ushering in greater accountability of the public servants.
>>Recommendations ofthe Sixth Central Pay Commission approved by the Government has benefited over 45 lakh Central Government employees including Defence Forces and Para-Military forces and over 38 lakh pensioners.
REVISED ESTIMATES (RE)
>>The total expenditure at Rs 7,50,884 cr in Budget Estimates (BE) 2008-09 revised to Rs 9,00,953 cr in RE 2008-09, showing an increase ofRs 1,50,069 cr.
>>Plan Expenditure went up from Rs 2,43,386crin BE2008- 09 to Rs 2,82,957 cr in RE 2008-09.
>>Non-Plan expenditure increased by Rs 1,10,498 cr in RE 2008-09 over BE 2008-09.
>>RE 2008-09 for Non-Tax Revenues increased from Rs 95,785 cr in BE 2008-09 to Rs 96,203 cr.
>>RE of gross tax collection projected at Rs 6,27,949 cr as against BE 2008-09 ofRs 6,87,715 cr, primarily due to proactive fiscal measures initiated to counter the impact of global slowdown on the Indian economy.
>>Revised Revenue deficit to be at Rs 2,41,273 cr (4.4 per cent of GDP) as against budgeted figure ofRs 55,184 cr (l percentofGDP).
>>Fiscal deficitto go up from Rs 1,33,287 cr (2.5 percent of GDP) in BE 2008-09 to Rs 3,26,515 cr (6 per cent of GDP).
BUDGET ESTIMATES (BE)
>>Total expenditure for fiscal 2009-10 estimated at Rs 9,53,231 cr. Plan expenditure estimated at Rs 2,85, 149 cr and Non-Plan expenditure at Rs 6,68,082 cr.
>>Budgetary support in Plan BE 2009-10 in comparison to BE 2008-09 increased for Department of Rural Development, Department of Road Transport & Highways, Railways, Ministry of Power, Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, and Department of Information Technology to meet the requirements of rural and infrastructure development along with higher allocation for Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports and Ministry of Culture to ensure adequate resources for hosting of the Commonwealth Games. Allocations to flagship programme which directly impact' Aam Aadmi' fully protected.
>>Rs 30,100 cr allocated for National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme for the year 2009-10. In 2008-09 employment of 138.76 cr person-days covering 3.51 cr household already generated.
>>About 98 per cent habitations covered by primary schools under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan. Allocation for this programme increased by 571 per cent between 2003- 04 and 2008-09. Allocation ofRs 13,100 cr proposed for 2009-10.
>>Rs 8,000 cr allocated for Mid-day Meals Scheme for the year 2009-1 O.
>>Allocation ofRs 6,705 cr proposed for Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) tor the year 2009-1 O. New WHO child growth standards adopted for monitoring growth of children under rCDS.
>>386 projects amounting to Rs 39,000 cr sanctioned till Dee 31,2008 under Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM). Allocation ofRs 11,842 cr proposed for the year 2009-10.
>>Rs 7,400 cr allocated for Rajiv Gandhi Rural Drinking Water Mission, Rs 1,200 cr for Rural Sanitation Programme, Rs 12,070 cr for National Rural Health Mission, and Rs 40,900 cr allocated for Bharat Nirman for the year 2009-1 o.
>>A provision of Rs 100 cr in the Annual Plan 2009-10 made for Unique Identification Authority of India.
>>RIDF-XV proposed with a corpus of Rs 14,000 cr.
>>Separate window for rural roads to continue with a corpus ofks4,000cr.
>>Interest subvention of 2 per cent on pre- and post shipment credit for certain employment oriented sectors, ie Textiles (including hand looms & handicraft), Carpets, Leather, Gem & Jewellery, Marine products and SMEs extended beyond Mar 31,2009 till Sep 30,2009, involving an additional financial outgo ofRs 500 cr.
>>Govemmcnt to recapitalise the public sector banks over the next two years to enable them to maintain Capital to Risk Weighted Assets Ratio (CRAR) of12 per cent.
>>Allocation for Defence increased to Rs 1,41,703 cr which includes Rs 54,824 for Capital Expenditure.
>>Major subsidies including food, fertilizer and petroleum estimated at Rs 95,579 cr.
>>For the fiscal 2009-10, with Centre's net tax revenue estimated at Rs 5,00,096 cr and Revenue expenditure at Rs 8,48,085 cr, revenue deficit is estimated at 4 per cent ofGDP and fiscal deficit at 5.5 per cent ofGDP.
>>The Gross Domestic Product increased by 7.5 per cent, 9.5 per cent, 9.7 percent and 9 per cent in the first four years from fiscal year 2004-05 to 2007-08 recording a sustained growth of over 9 per cent for three consecutive years for the first time.
>>The growth drivers for the period were agriculture, services, and manufacturing along with trade and construction.
>>Fiscal deficit came down from 4.5 per cent in 2003-04 to 2.7 percent in 2007-08 and Revenue deficit from 3.6 per cent to 1.1 per cent in 2007-08.
>>The domestic investment rate as a proportion of GDP increased from 27.6 per cent in 2003-04 to 39 per cent in 2007-08. Gross domestic savings rate shot up from 29.8 per cent to 37.7 per cent during this period.
>>The Gross capital formation in agriculture as a proportion of agriculture G DP increased from 11.1 per cent in 2003- 04 to 14.2 per cent in 2007-08
>>The tax-to-GDP ratio increased from 9.2 per cent in 2003- 04 to 12.5 per cent in 2007-08.
>>Annual growth rate of agriculture rose to 3.7 per cent during 2003-04 to 2007-08.
>>The foodgrain production recorded an increase of 10 million
tonnes each year during this period and touched
an all-time high of230 million tonnes in 2007-08.
>>While manufacturing sector recorded growth of9.5 per cent per annum in the period 2004-05 to 2007-08, communication and construction sectors grew at the rate of26 per cent and 13.5 per cent per annum respectively.
>>Exports grew at an annual average growth rate of26.4 per cent in US dollar terms in the period 2004-05 to 2007- 08. Foreign trade increased from 23.7 per cent ofGDP in 2003-04 to 35.5 per cent in 2007-08.
OUTLOOK FOR THE YEAR 2008-09
>>Despite the global financial crisis, which began in 2007, impacting most emerging market economies, 7.1 per cent rate of GDP growth in the current year makes India the second fastest growing economy in the world.
>>Fallouts of global slowdown on Indian economy were countered with fiscal stimulus packages announced on Dee 7, 2008 and Jan 2, 2009, providing tax reliefto boost demand and increasing expenditure on public projects.
>>Government accorded approval to 37 infrastructure projects worth Rs 70,000 cr from Aug, 2008 to Jan, 2009 alone.
>>Under PPP mode, 54 Central Sector infrastructure projects with a project cost ofRs 67 ,700 cr given in-principal or final approval and 23 projects amounting to Rs 27,900 cr approved for viability gap funding in 2008-09.
>>India Infrastructure Finance Company Ltd (IIFCL) to refinance upto 60 per cent of commercial bank loans for PPP projects involving total investment ofRs 1,00,000 cr in infrastructure over the next eighteen months.
>>In addition to RBI taking a number of monetary easing and liquidity enhancing measures such as reduction in cash reserve ratio, statutory liquidity ratio and key policy rates, Government has taken specific measures which include extension of export credit for labour-intensive exports, improving pre- and post-shipment credit availability, additional allocations for refund of Terminal Excise Duty/CST and export incentive schemes besides removal of export duty and export ban on certain items. A Committee of Secretaries was set up to address procedural problems faced by exporters.
>>Record US$ 32.4 billion FDI was received in 2007-08 and notwithstanding financial uncertainty and slowdown, FDI inflows during Apr-Nov, 2008 were US$ 23.3 billion, recording a growth of 45 per cent over the same period in 2007.
>>FRBM targets for the 2008-09 and for fiscal 2009-1 0 have been relaxed to provide much needed demand boost. However, medium-term objective is to revert to fiscal consolidation at the earliest.
INITIATIVES AND ACHIEVEMENT
Agriculture
>>Plan allocation for agriculture increased by 300 per cent from 2003-04 to 2008-09. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna launched in 2007-08 with an outlay ofRs 25,000 cr to increase growth rate of agriculture and allied sector to 4 per cent per annum during Eleventh Plan period.
>>Agriculture credit disbursement increased three times from Rs 87,000 cr in 2003-04 to about Rs 2,50,000 cr in 2007-08.
>>To strengthen short-term cooperative credit structure, revival package in 25 states involving financial assistance of about Rs 13,500 cr is being implemented.
>>Interest subvention to be continued in 2009-10 to ensure that farmers get short term crop loans up to Rs 3 lakh at 7 per cent per annum.
>>The Agricultural Debt Waiver and Debt Relief Scheme, 2008 was implemented by June 30,2008 as scheduled. Debt waiver/debt relief amounting to Rs 65,300 cr covers 3.6 cr farmers.
>>Despite higher procurement cost and higher international prices during the last 5 years, the central issue prices under Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) maintained at July 2000 level in case of Below Poverty Line (BPL) and Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) categories and at July 2002 levels for Above Poverty Line (APL) category.
>>Minimum Support Price (MSP) for common variety of paddy increased from Rs 550 per quintal in 2003-04 to Rs 900 per quintal for the crop year 2008-09. In case of wheat, increase was from Rs 630 per quintal in 2003-04 to Rs 1080 per quintal forthe year 2009.
Rural Development
>>The corpus of Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RlDF) increased from Rs 5,500 cr in 2003-04 to Rs 14,000 cr for the year 2008-09. A separate window for rural roads created with a corpus of Rs 4,000 cr for each of the last three years.
>>As against 60 lakh houses to be constructed under Indira Awaas Yojana by 2008-09, 60 lakh twelve thousand houses constructed between 20(JS-06 and Dee, 2008.
>>Panchayat Empowerment and Accountability Scheme (PE,AIS) proposed to be expanded.
>>'Project Arrow' to provide new technology-enabled services through post offices to common man and support effective implementation of social sector schemes like NREGS, while promoting financial inclusion.
Education
>>Major initiatives including a new Centrally Sponsored Scheme launched to universalize education at secondary stage in the year 2008-09.
>>Outlay on Higher Education increased 9-fold in the Eleventh Five Year Plan. Ordinance promulgated for establishing 15 Central Universities. In addition to 6 new Indian Institutes of Technology (Il Ts) in Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Orissa, Punjab and Gujarat, which started functioning in 2008-09. two more IlTs in Madhya Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh are expected to commence their academic session in 2009-10.5 Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) announced earlier has become functional. Two new schools of Planning and Architecture at Vijayawada and Bhopal have started functioning. Teaching i; expected to commence from academic year 2009-1 0 in four out of six new Indian lnstirutes of Management proposed for the Eleventh Plan in Haryana, Rajasthan, Jharkhand and 1~1m i I :'\ adu.
>>Due to revision in Educational Loan Scheme by the Government the number ofbeneficiaries increased from 3 191akh to 14.091akh and amount of loan outstanding increased from Rs 4,500 cr as on Mar, 31, 2004 to Rs 24,260 cr as on Sep 30, 2008.
>>500 ITIs upgraded into centres of excellence. National Skill Development Corporation created in July 2008 with initial corpus ofRs 1,000 cr.
Social Sector
>>Authorised capital of National Safai Karamchari Finance and Development Corporation (NSKFDC) is being raised from Rs 200 cr to Rs 300 cr.
>>Scope ofthe pre-matric scholarship for children of those engaged in unclean occupations expanded and rates of scholarship doubled in 2008-09. Annual ad hoc grant increased by about 50 per cent as compared to earlier rates.
>>Rashtriya Mahila Kosh to be strengthened by enhancing its authorised capital.
>>'Priyadarsin i Proj eet' a rural women's employment and livelihood programme, will be implemented as pilot in the district of Madhubani and Sitamarhi in Bihar and Shravasti, Bahraich, Rai Bareli and Sultanpur in Uttar Pradesh.
>>146 lakh persons benefited under Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme in 2008-09.
>>Two new schemes - 'Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme' to provide pension ofRs 200 to widows between age groups of 40-64 years and 'Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme' to provide pension for severely disabled persons.
>>Widows in the age group of 18-40 years to be given priority in admission to ITIs, Women ITIs and National! Regional ITIs for women. Government to bear cost of their training and provide stipend of Rs 500 per month.
>>22 States and Union Territories initiated process to implement Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana for BPL families in the unorganised sector and 60 lakh thirty two thousand persons covered for death and disability under 'AamAdmni'Bima Yojana (AABY).
Public Sector Enterprises
>>Turnover of Central Public Sector Enterprises increased from Rs 5,87,000 cr in 2003-04 to Rs 10,81,000 cr in 2007- 08 and profits grew from Rs 53,000 cr to Rs 91,000 cr. While the number of loss-making enterprises came down from 73 in 2003-04 to 55 in 2007-08, the number of profit making enterprises has gone up from 143 to 158 during the same period.
>>Government approved implementation of Guidelines on Corporate Governance in Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) in June 2007.
>>Corpus of National Investment Fund, created out of disinvestment proceeds from Central PSU stood at Rs 1,815 cr as on December31, 2008.
Financial Sector Reforms
>>NPAs of Public Sector Banks declined from 7.8 per cent on Mar 31,2004 to 2.3 per cent on Mar 31,2008.
>>As a result of initiating process of amalgamation and recapitalisation of Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) with negative net worth, 196 RRBs merged into 85 RRBs. The Government has contributed Rs 652 cr for capitalisation ofRRBs upto Dec 31, 2008.
>>The number of reforms undertaken in the last four years to deepen and widen the securities markets and strengthen the regulatory mechanisms for these markets.
>>The Companies Bill, 2008, undertaking comprehensive revision of Companies Act, 1956 to enable adoption of internationally accepted best practices, has been introduced in the Parliament.
Tax Effort
>>Comprehensive reforms of tax system-both direct and indirect-have enabled the tax administration to enhance its functional efficiency and provide better tax payer services leading to increased compliance. Rates of Union Excise Duties and Service Tax rationalized for eventual shift to the Goods and Service Tax on 1 st Apr, 20 I O.
>>109 marine vessels sanctioned for the Customs Department to prevent movements of contraband goods across the country's sea borders.
Administrative Reforms
>>The enactment of the Right to Information Act at the Centre and in many States ushering in greater accountability of the public servants.
>>Recommendations ofthe Sixth Central Pay Commission approved by the Government has benefited over 45 lakh Central Government employees including Defence Forces and Para-Military forces and over 38 lakh pensioners.
REVISED ESTIMATES (RE)
>>The total expenditure at Rs 7,50,884 cr in Budget Estimates (BE) 2008-09 revised to Rs 9,00,953 cr in RE 2008-09, showing an increase ofRs 1,50,069 cr.
>>Plan Expenditure went up from Rs 2,43,386crin BE2008- 09 to Rs 2,82,957 cr in RE 2008-09.
>>Non-Plan expenditure increased by Rs 1,10,498 cr in RE 2008-09 over BE 2008-09.
>>RE 2008-09 for Non-Tax Revenues increased from Rs 95,785 cr in BE 2008-09 to Rs 96,203 cr.
>>RE of gross tax collection projected at Rs 6,27,949 cr as against BE 2008-09 ofRs 6,87,715 cr, primarily due to proactive fiscal measures initiated to counter the impact of global slowdown on the Indian economy.
>>Revised Revenue deficit to be at Rs 2,41,273 cr (4.4 per cent of GDP) as against budgeted figure ofRs 55,184 cr (l percentofGDP).
>>Fiscal deficitto go up from Rs 1,33,287 cr (2.5 percent of GDP) in BE 2008-09 to Rs 3,26,515 cr (6 per cent of GDP).
BUDGET ESTIMATES (BE)
>>Total expenditure for fiscal 2009-10 estimated at Rs 9,53,231 cr. Plan expenditure estimated at Rs 2,85, 149 cr and Non-Plan expenditure at Rs 6,68,082 cr.
>>Budgetary support in Plan BE 2009-10 in comparison to BE 2008-09 increased for Department of Rural Development, Department of Road Transport & Highways, Railways, Ministry of Power, Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, and Department of Information Technology to meet the requirements of rural and infrastructure development along with higher allocation for Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports and Ministry of Culture to ensure adequate resources for hosting of the Commonwealth Games. Allocations to flagship programme which directly impact' Aam Aadmi' fully protected.
>>Rs 30,100 cr allocated for National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme for the year 2009-10. In 2008-09 employment of 138.76 cr person-days covering 3.51 cr household already generated.
>>About 98 per cent habitations covered by primary schools under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan. Allocation for this programme increased by 571 per cent between 2003- 04 and 2008-09. Allocation ofRs 13,100 cr proposed for 2009-10.
>>Rs 8,000 cr allocated for Mid-day Meals Scheme for the year 2009-1 O.
>>Allocation ofRs 6,705 cr proposed for Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) tor the year 2009-1 O. New WHO child growth standards adopted for monitoring growth of children under rCDS.
>>386 projects amounting to Rs 39,000 cr sanctioned till Dee 31,2008 under Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM). Allocation ofRs 11,842 cr proposed for the year 2009-10.
>>Rs 7,400 cr allocated for Rajiv Gandhi Rural Drinking Water Mission, Rs 1,200 cr for Rural Sanitation Programme, Rs 12,070 cr for National Rural Health Mission, and Rs 40,900 cr allocated for Bharat Nirman for the year 2009-1 o.
>>A provision of Rs 100 cr in the Annual Plan 2009-10 made for Unique Identification Authority of India.
>>RIDF-XV proposed with a corpus of Rs 14,000 cr.
>>Separate window for rural roads to continue with a corpus ofks4,000cr.
>>Interest subvention of 2 per cent on pre- and post shipment credit for certain employment oriented sectors, ie Textiles (including hand looms & handicraft), Carpets, Leather, Gem & Jewellery, Marine products and SMEs extended beyond Mar 31,2009 till Sep 30,2009, involving an additional financial outgo ofRs 500 cr.
>>Govemmcnt to recapitalise the public sector banks over the next two years to enable them to maintain Capital to Risk Weighted Assets Ratio (CRAR) of12 per cent.
>>Allocation for Defence increased to Rs 1,41,703 cr which includes Rs 54,824 for Capital Expenditure.
>>Major subsidies including food, fertilizer and petroleum estimated at Rs 95,579 cr.
>>For the fiscal 2009-10, with Centre's net tax revenue estimated at Rs 5,00,096 cr and Revenue expenditure at Rs 8,48,085 cr, revenue deficit is estimated at 4 per cent ofGDP and fiscal deficit at 5.5 per cent ofGDP.
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