PAPER-I
1.1 Meaning and scope of Anthropology.
1.2 Relationship with other disciplines : History , Economics, Sociology, Psychology, Political 1.3Science , Life Science , Medical Science.
Main branches of Anthropology , their scope and relevance
(A) Social – cultural Anthropology
(B) Physical `nd biolngic`l Anthrnpolngy
(C) Archaeological Anthropology .
1.4 Human Evolution and emergence of Man.
Organic Evolution- Theories of evolution in historical perspective , pre-Darwhnian, D`rwinian and Post-Darwinhan perind. Lodern sxnthdtic theory of evolution; brief outline of term and concept of evolutionary biology (Doll’s rule, Cope’s rule, Gause’s rule, parallelism, convergence, adaptive radiation, mosaic evolution); Principles of systematics and taxonomy, major primate taxa, tertiary and quaternary fossil primates, Systematics of Hominoidea and Hominidae, Origin and evolution of man-
‘Home erectus and Homo sapiens’.
1.5Phylogenetic status, characteristics and distribution of the following:
(a) Prepleistocence fossil primates – Oreopithecus.
(b) South and East African hominids Plesianthropus / Australopithecus Africaus , Paranthropus , Australopithecs.
(c) Paranthropus-Homo erectus- Homo erectus javanicus , Homo erectus pekinensis .
(d) Homo Heidelbergensis.
(e) Neanderthal man- La- chapelle-aus-saints(Classical type),Mt. Carmelites types (Progressive type).
(f) Rhodesian man
(g) Homo sapiens-Cromognon, Grimaldi, Chancelede.
Recent advances in understanding the evolution , distribution and multidisciplinary approach to understand a fossil type in relation to others.
1.6 Evolutionary trend and classification of the order primates, Relationship with other mammals , molecular evolution of Primates, Comparative anatomy of man and apes, primate locomotion; terrestrial and arboreal adaptation , skeletal change due to erect posture and its implications.
1.7 Cultural Evolution – broad outlines of prehistoric cultures;
(a) Paleolithic
(b) Mesolithic
(c) Neolithic
(d) Chalcolithic
(e) Copper-Bronze age
(f) Iron age
2.1Family – Definition and typology of family household and domestic groups . Basic structure and functions; Stability and changes in family Typological and processual approaches to the study of family . Impact of urbanization , industrilization , education and ferminist movements.Universality of family a critiqud.
2.2 Concept of kinship-- Definition of jin, incdst prohhbithon exogamy and endogamy .Principles of decent – types and functions . Political and jural aspects of kinship . Unilineal , bilateral and double descent . Descent , filiation and colplelent`ry fili`tion. Khnshhp tdrminolofy , typnlogx and approaches to the study of terminology Alliance and descent.
2.3 Marriage – Definition , type and variation of marriage systems. Debates on the universal definition of marriage. Regulation of marriage – preferential, prescriptive , proscriptive and open systems. Type and form of marriage Dowry, bride-price, pestation and marriage stability.
3.1 Study of culture , patterns and processes. Concept of culture , patterns of culture , relationships between culture and civilization and society.
3.2 Concept of Social Change and Cultural Change :
3.3 Social structure and social organization ,
Role –analysis and social network, institution ,group community. Social stratification; principal and from , status , class and power , gender. Nature and type of mobility.
3.4 Concept of Society.
3.5 Approaches to the study of culture and society- classical evolution – ism neo- - evolutionism , culture ecology, historical particularism and diffusionism , structural- functionalism, culture and personality, transactionalism, symbolism, congnitive approach and new ethnography, post structuraism and post – modernism.
4.1 Definitions and functions of religion . Anthropological approaches to the study of religion – evolutionary , psychological and functional . Magic, witchcraft and sorcery; definitions and funbtions and ftncthonaries ; priest, s`man. medicine m`n and snrcerers . Symbolism in religion and rituals- Ethnomedicine .Myths and rituals; definitions and approaches to their study – structures .function and processual Relation with economics and political structures.
5.1 Meaning ,scope and relevance, principles governing production, distribution and consumption in communities subsisting on hunting- gathering fishing pastoralism, horticulture and other economic pursuits .Fomalist and substantivist debate- Dalton, Karlpolyanny and Marx approach and New Economic Anthropology . Exchange; gifts, barter, trade ceremonial exchange and market economy.
5.2 Theoretical foundations. Type of political organisations- band, tribe, chiefdom, state, concept of power , authority and legitimacy . Social control, law and justice in tribal and peasant societies.
6.1 Concept of developmental Anthropological perspective . Models of development .Critiques of classical developmental theories . Concepts of planning and planned development .Concept of participatory development . Culture ecology and sustainable development . Displacement and rehabilitation.
7.1 Concept of research in anthropology, subjectivity and reflexivity in terms of gender class, ideology and ethics. Distinction between methodology , methods and techniques. Nature and explantion in anthropological research. Positivistics and non-positivistic approaches. Comparative methods; nature purpose and methods of comparison in social and cultural anthropology. Basic techniques of data collection. Interview , participant and other forms of observation, schedules, questionnaire ,case-study methods, extended case-study methods , life histories and secondary sources, oral history, genealogical methods , participatory, learning and assessment (PLA). Participatory rapid assessment (PRA).Analysis, interpretation and presentation of data.
8.1 Concept , scope and major branches of human genetics. Its relationship with other branches of science and medicine.
8.2 Method for study of genetic principles in man-family study (pedigree analysis , twin study , foster child, co-twin method, cytogenetic method, chromosomal and karyotype analysis ) biochemical methods, immunological methods, D.N.A. technology and recombinant technologies.
8.3 Twin study method – zygosify , heritablity estimates, present status of the twin study method and its applications.
8.4 Mendelian genetics in man – family study, single factor ,multifactor, lethal, sub-lethal , and polygenic inheritance in man.
8.5 Concept of genetic polymorphism and selection , Mendelian population, Hardy- Weinberg law; causes and change which bring down frequlation , mutation, isolation , migration , selection, inbreddinf and genetib drhft. Conrangtinenus `nd non-bons`nguineous , genetic load , genetic effect of consanguineous and cousin marriages (statistical and probability methods for study of human genetics).
8.6 Chromosomes and chromosomal aberrations in man , methodology.
(a) Numerical and structural aberrations (disorders).
(b) Sex chromosomal aberrations- Klinefelter (XXY). Turner (XO), Super female (XXX), intersex and other syndromic disorders.
(c) Autosomal aberrations- Down syndrome, Patau, Edward and Cri-du-chat syndromes.
(d) Genetic imprints in human disease , genetic screening , genetic counselling , human DNA profiling , gene mapping and genome study.
8.7 Concept of race in histrological and biological perspective. Race and racism, biological basic of morphological variation of non-metric and metric characters. Racial criteria , racial traits in relation to heredity and environment; biological basic of racial classification, racial differentiation and race- crossing in man.
8.8 Ethnic groups of mankind- characteristics and distribution in world, racial classification of human groups. Principal living peoples of world. Their distribution and characteristics.
8.9 Age , sex and population variation in genetic marker- ABO, Rh blood groups, HLA, Hp, transferring, Gm, blood enzymes. Physiological characteristics- Hp level , body fat pulse rate, respiratory functions and sensory perceptions in different cultural and socio- economic groups. Impact of smoking air pollutions , alcoholism, drugs and occupational hazards on health.
9.1 Concept and Methods of Ecological Anthropology, Adaptation social and cultural . Deterministic theories-a critique. Resources-biological, non-biological and sustainable development . Biological adaptation –climatic, environmental, nutritional and genetic.
10.1 Relevance in understanding of contemporary society. Dynamics of ethnicity at rural, tribal , urban and international levels. Ethnic conflicts and political developments . Concept of ethnic boundaries. Ethnicity and concept of nation state.
11.1 Concept of human growth and development – stages of growth-prenatal , natal, infant, childhood, adolescence, maturity , senescence.
Factors affecting growth and development- genetic, environmental , biochemical , nutritional, cultural and socio-economic.
Ageing and senescence. Theories and observations- biological and chronological longevity . Human physique and somatotypes. Methodologies for growth studies.
12.1 Reproductive biology , demography and population study. Reproductive physiology of male and female . Biological aspects of human fertility . Relevance of menarche, menopause and other bioevents to fertility. Fertility patterns and differentials.
12.2 Demographic theories – biological, social and cultural.
12.3 Demographic methods – census , registration system, sample methods, duel reporting system.
12.4 Population structures and population dynamics.
12.5 Demographic rates and ratios , life table- structure and utility.
12.6 Biological and socio-ecological factors influencing fecundity , fertility natality and mortality .
12.7 Methods of studying population growth.
12.8 Biological consequences of population control and family welfare.
13.1 Anthropology of sports.
13.2 Nutritional Anthropology.
13.3 Anthropology in designing of defence and other equipments.
13.4 Forensic Anthropology.
13.5 Methods and principles of personal identification andreconstruction.
13.6 Applied human genetics- paternity diagnosis genetic counselling and eugenics.
13.7 DNA technology – prevention and cure of diseases.
13.8 Anthropo-genetics in medicine
13.9 Serogenetics and cytogenetics in reproductive biology.
13.10 Application of statistical principles in human genetics and Physical Anthropology.
PAPER –II
Evolution of the Indian Culture and Civilization- Per historic (Paleolithic , Mesolithic and Neolithic ), Protohistoric (Indus Civilization), Vedic and post- Vedic beginnings. Contributions of the tribal cultures.
Demographic profile of India- Ethinic and linguistic elements in the Indian population and their distribution. Indian population , factors influencing its structure and growth.
The basic structure and nature of traditional Indian social system-a critique , varnasharam, Purushartha , Karma, Rina and Rebirth. Theories on the origin of caste system, Jajmani system. Structural basic of inequality in traditional Indian society . Impact of Buddhim, Jainism, Islam and Christianity on Indian society.
Approaches to the study of Indian society and culture – traditional and contemporary.
5.1 Aspects of Indian village – Social organizations of agriculture, impact of market economy on Indian villages.
5.2 Linguistic and religious minorities- social , political and economic status.
6. Tribal situation in India- biogenetic variability , Iinguistic and socio-economic characteristics of the tribal populations and their distribution. Problems of the tribal communities – land alienation , poverty indebtedness, low literacy ,poor educational facilities , unemployment , underemployment , health and nutrition . Developmental projects –tribal displacement and problems of rehabilitation;
Development of forest policy and tribals of unbanisation and industrialization on tribal and rural populations.
7. Problems ofexploitation and deprivation of Scheduled Castes/ Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes. Constitutional safeguards for Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes. Social change and contemporary tribal societies; Impact of modern democratic institutions, development programmes and welfare measures on tribals for weaker sections. Emergence of ethnicity , tribal movements and quest for identity . Pseudo-tribalism.
8. Social change among the tribes during colonial and post- Independent India.
8.1 Impact of Hinduism, Christianity, Islam and other religious on tribal societies.
8.2 Tribe and nation state –a comparative study of tribal communities in Indian and other countries.
9. History of administration of tribal areas, tribal policies , plans, programmes of tribal development and their implementation . Role of N.G.Os.
9.1 Role of anthropology in tribal and rural development .
9.2 Contributions of anthropology to the understanding of regionalism, communalism and ethnic and political movements.
1.1 Meaning and scope of Anthropology.
1.2 Relationship with other disciplines : History , Economics, Sociology, Psychology, Political 1.3Science , Life Science , Medical Science.
Main branches of Anthropology , their scope and relevance
(A) Social – cultural Anthropology
(B) Physical `nd biolngic`l Anthrnpolngy
(C) Archaeological Anthropology .
1.4 Human Evolution and emergence of Man.
Organic Evolution- Theories of evolution in historical perspective , pre-Darwhnian, D`rwinian and Post-Darwinhan perind. Lodern sxnthdtic theory of evolution; brief outline of term and concept of evolutionary biology (Doll’s rule, Cope’s rule, Gause’s rule, parallelism, convergence, adaptive radiation, mosaic evolution); Principles of systematics and taxonomy, major primate taxa, tertiary and quaternary fossil primates, Systematics of Hominoidea and Hominidae, Origin and evolution of man-
‘Home erectus and Homo sapiens’.
1.5Phylogenetic status, characteristics and distribution of the following:
(a) Prepleistocence fossil primates – Oreopithecus.
(b) South and East African hominids Plesianthropus / Australopithecus Africaus , Paranthropus , Australopithecs.
(c) Paranthropus-Homo erectus- Homo erectus javanicus , Homo erectus pekinensis .
(d) Homo Heidelbergensis.
(e) Neanderthal man- La- chapelle-aus-saints(Classical type),Mt. Carmelites types (Progressive type).
(f) Rhodesian man
(g) Homo sapiens-Cromognon, Grimaldi, Chancelede.
Recent advances in understanding the evolution , distribution and multidisciplinary approach to understand a fossil type in relation to others.
1.6 Evolutionary trend and classification of the order primates, Relationship with other mammals , molecular evolution of Primates, Comparative anatomy of man and apes, primate locomotion; terrestrial and arboreal adaptation , skeletal change due to erect posture and its implications.
1.7 Cultural Evolution – broad outlines of prehistoric cultures;
(a) Paleolithic
(b) Mesolithic
(c) Neolithic
(d) Chalcolithic
(e) Copper-Bronze age
(f) Iron age
2.1Family – Definition and typology of family household and domestic groups . Basic structure and functions; Stability and changes in family Typological and processual approaches to the study of family . Impact of urbanization , industrilization , education and ferminist movements.Universality of family a critiqud.
2.2 Concept of kinship-- Definition of jin, incdst prohhbithon exogamy and endogamy .Principles of decent – types and functions . Political and jural aspects of kinship . Unilineal , bilateral and double descent . Descent , filiation and colplelent`ry fili`tion. Khnshhp tdrminolofy , typnlogx and approaches to the study of terminology Alliance and descent.
2.3 Marriage – Definition , type and variation of marriage systems. Debates on the universal definition of marriage. Regulation of marriage – preferential, prescriptive , proscriptive and open systems. Type and form of marriage Dowry, bride-price, pestation and marriage stability.
3.1 Study of culture , patterns and processes. Concept of culture , patterns of culture , relationships between culture and civilization and society.
3.2 Concept of Social Change and Cultural Change :
3.3 Social structure and social organization ,
Role –analysis and social network, institution ,group community. Social stratification; principal and from , status , class and power , gender. Nature and type of mobility.
3.4 Concept of Society.
3.5 Approaches to the study of culture and society- classical evolution – ism neo- - evolutionism , culture ecology, historical particularism and diffusionism , structural- functionalism, culture and personality, transactionalism, symbolism, congnitive approach and new ethnography, post structuraism and post – modernism.
4.1 Definitions and functions of religion . Anthropological approaches to the study of religion – evolutionary , psychological and functional . Magic, witchcraft and sorcery; definitions and funbtions and ftncthonaries ; priest, s`man. medicine m`n and snrcerers . Symbolism in religion and rituals- Ethnomedicine .Myths and rituals; definitions and approaches to their study – structures .function and processual Relation with economics and political structures.
5.1 Meaning ,scope and relevance, principles governing production, distribution and consumption in communities subsisting on hunting- gathering fishing pastoralism, horticulture and other economic pursuits .Fomalist and substantivist debate- Dalton, Karlpolyanny and Marx approach and New Economic Anthropology . Exchange; gifts, barter, trade ceremonial exchange and market economy.
5.2 Theoretical foundations. Type of political organisations- band, tribe, chiefdom, state, concept of power , authority and legitimacy . Social control, law and justice in tribal and peasant societies.
6.1 Concept of developmental Anthropological perspective . Models of development .Critiques of classical developmental theories . Concepts of planning and planned development .Concept of participatory development . Culture ecology and sustainable development . Displacement and rehabilitation.
7.1 Concept of research in anthropology, subjectivity and reflexivity in terms of gender class, ideology and ethics. Distinction between methodology , methods and techniques. Nature and explantion in anthropological research. Positivistics and non-positivistic approaches. Comparative methods; nature purpose and methods of comparison in social and cultural anthropology. Basic techniques of data collection. Interview , participant and other forms of observation, schedules, questionnaire ,case-study methods, extended case-study methods , life histories and secondary sources, oral history, genealogical methods , participatory, learning and assessment (PLA). Participatory rapid assessment (PRA).Analysis, interpretation and presentation of data.
8.1 Concept , scope and major branches of human genetics. Its relationship with other branches of science and medicine.
8.2 Method for study of genetic principles in man-family study (pedigree analysis , twin study , foster child, co-twin method, cytogenetic method, chromosomal and karyotype analysis ) biochemical methods, immunological methods, D.N.A. technology and recombinant technologies.
8.3 Twin study method – zygosify , heritablity estimates, present status of the twin study method and its applications.
8.4 Mendelian genetics in man – family study, single factor ,multifactor, lethal, sub-lethal , and polygenic inheritance in man.
8.5 Concept of genetic polymorphism and selection , Mendelian population, Hardy- Weinberg law; causes and change which bring down frequlation , mutation, isolation , migration , selection, inbreddinf and genetib drhft. Conrangtinenus `nd non-bons`nguineous , genetic load , genetic effect of consanguineous and cousin marriages (statistical and probability methods for study of human genetics).
8.6 Chromosomes and chromosomal aberrations in man , methodology.
(a) Numerical and structural aberrations (disorders).
(b) Sex chromosomal aberrations- Klinefelter (XXY). Turner (XO), Super female (XXX), intersex and other syndromic disorders.
(c) Autosomal aberrations- Down syndrome, Patau, Edward and Cri-du-chat syndromes.
(d) Genetic imprints in human disease , genetic screening , genetic counselling , human DNA profiling , gene mapping and genome study.
8.7 Concept of race in histrological and biological perspective. Race and racism, biological basic of morphological variation of non-metric and metric characters. Racial criteria , racial traits in relation to heredity and environment; biological basic of racial classification, racial differentiation and race- crossing in man.
8.8 Ethnic groups of mankind- characteristics and distribution in world, racial classification of human groups. Principal living peoples of world. Their distribution and characteristics.
8.9 Age , sex and population variation in genetic marker- ABO, Rh blood groups, HLA, Hp, transferring, Gm, blood enzymes. Physiological characteristics- Hp level , body fat pulse rate, respiratory functions and sensory perceptions in different cultural and socio- economic groups. Impact of smoking air pollutions , alcoholism, drugs and occupational hazards on health.
9.1 Concept and Methods of Ecological Anthropology, Adaptation social and cultural . Deterministic theories-a critique. Resources-biological, non-biological and sustainable development . Biological adaptation –climatic, environmental, nutritional and genetic.
10.1 Relevance in understanding of contemporary society. Dynamics of ethnicity at rural, tribal , urban and international levels. Ethnic conflicts and political developments . Concept of ethnic boundaries. Ethnicity and concept of nation state.
11.1 Concept of human growth and development – stages of growth-prenatal , natal, infant, childhood, adolescence, maturity , senescence.
Factors affecting growth and development- genetic, environmental , biochemical , nutritional, cultural and socio-economic.
Ageing and senescence. Theories and observations- biological and chronological longevity . Human physique and somatotypes. Methodologies for growth studies.
12.1 Reproductive biology , demography and population study. Reproductive physiology of male and female . Biological aspects of human fertility . Relevance of menarche, menopause and other bioevents to fertility. Fertility patterns and differentials.
12.2 Demographic theories – biological, social and cultural.
12.3 Demographic methods – census , registration system, sample methods, duel reporting system.
12.4 Population structures and population dynamics.
12.5 Demographic rates and ratios , life table- structure and utility.
12.6 Biological and socio-ecological factors influencing fecundity , fertility natality and mortality .
12.7 Methods of studying population growth.
12.8 Biological consequences of population control and family welfare.
13.1 Anthropology of sports.
13.2 Nutritional Anthropology.
13.3 Anthropology in designing of defence and other equipments.
13.4 Forensic Anthropology.
13.5 Methods and principles of personal identification andreconstruction.
13.6 Applied human genetics- paternity diagnosis genetic counselling and eugenics.
13.7 DNA technology – prevention and cure of diseases.
13.8 Anthropo-genetics in medicine
13.9 Serogenetics and cytogenetics in reproductive biology.
13.10 Application of statistical principles in human genetics and Physical Anthropology.
PAPER –II
Evolution of the Indian Culture and Civilization- Per historic (Paleolithic , Mesolithic and Neolithic ), Protohistoric (Indus Civilization), Vedic and post- Vedic beginnings. Contributions of the tribal cultures.
Demographic profile of India- Ethinic and linguistic elements in the Indian population and their distribution. Indian population , factors influencing its structure and growth.
The basic structure and nature of traditional Indian social system-a critique , varnasharam, Purushartha , Karma, Rina and Rebirth. Theories on the origin of caste system, Jajmani system. Structural basic of inequality in traditional Indian society . Impact of Buddhim, Jainism, Islam and Christianity on Indian society.
Approaches to the study of Indian society and culture – traditional and contemporary.
5.1 Aspects of Indian village – Social organizations of agriculture, impact of market economy on Indian villages.
5.2 Linguistic and religious minorities- social , political and economic status.
6. Tribal situation in India- biogenetic variability , Iinguistic and socio-economic characteristics of the tribal populations and their distribution. Problems of the tribal communities – land alienation , poverty indebtedness, low literacy ,poor educational facilities , unemployment , underemployment , health and nutrition . Developmental projects –tribal displacement and problems of rehabilitation;
Development of forest policy and tribals of unbanisation and industrialization on tribal and rural populations.
7. Problems ofexploitation and deprivation of Scheduled Castes/ Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes. Constitutional safeguards for Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes. Social change and contemporary tribal societies; Impact of modern democratic institutions, development programmes and welfare measures on tribals for weaker sections. Emergence of ethnicity , tribal movements and quest for identity . Pseudo-tribalism.
8. Social change among the tribes during colonial and post- Independent India.
8.1 Impact of Hinduism, Christianity, Islam and other religious on tribal societies.
8.2 Tribe and nation state –a comparative study of tribal communities in Indian and other countries.
9. History of administration of tribal areas, tribal policies , plans, programmes of tribal development and their implementation . Role of N.G.Os.
9.1 Role of anthropology in tribal and rural development .
9.2 Contributions of anthropology to the understanding of regionalism, communalism and ethnic and political movements.
